英语语法及命题趋势

时间:2020-07-22 11:09:53 基础英语 我要投稿

英语语法大全及命题趋势

  英语语法大全

  代词

英语语法大全及命题趋势

  代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。

  一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、

  "我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:

  数 单数 复数

  格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格

  第一人称 I me we us

  第二人称 you you you you

  he him they them

  第三人称 she her they them

  it it they them

  如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。

  It's me. 是我。

  二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数的变化见下表。

  数 单数 复数

  人称 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三

  人称 人称 人称 人称 人称 人称

  形容词性 my your his/her its our your/their

  物主代词

  名词性 mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs

  物主代词

  如: I like his car.

  我喜欢他的小汽车。

  Our school is here,and theirs is there.

  我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。

  三、 指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。

  如: That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。

  四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为"反身代词"。

  如: She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。

  五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other 和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。

  如: They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。

  六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语, 但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。如:

  --- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗?

  --- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一辆。

  --- I don't know any of them. 他们,我一个也不认识。

  七、 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)

  如:Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。

  八、 关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。

  如: He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。

  三十五个经典句型 

  一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

  ~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

  例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

  海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

  Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

  张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

  二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V

  Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V

  例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education.

  没有比接受教育更重要的事。

  三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.

  (再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)

  例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

  我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

  四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)

  例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

  不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

  五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)

  例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

  全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

  六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)

  例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

  毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

  七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...)

  例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create (produce) any pollution.

  使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

  八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)

  例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

  The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

  我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

  九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)

  例句:So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.

  时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。

  十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)

  例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

  {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}

  虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

  十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

  The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈...愈...)

  例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.

  你愈努力,你愈进步。

  The more books we read, the more learned we become.

  我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。

  十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...,..能够..)

  例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

  借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。

  十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)

  例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.

  听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

  十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)

  例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

  我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

  十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)

  例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

  该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

  十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)

  例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

  违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

  十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)

  例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.

  没有人不渴望上大学。

  十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)

  例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

  既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。

  十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)

  It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)

  It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)

  例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

  可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

  二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)

  例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don‘t like it.

  夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

  二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式...(过去...年来,...一直...)

  例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

  过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。

  二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。

  例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

  自从他上高中,他一直很用功。

  二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)

  例句:It pays to help others.

  帮助别人是值得的。

  二十四、be based on (以...为基础)

  例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony.

  社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

  二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)

  We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

  我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

  二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让...明白...事)

  例句:We should bring home to people the value of working hard.

  我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

  二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与...息息相关)

  例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health.

  做运动与健康息息相关。

  二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving

  = make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)

  We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

  我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

  二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ (因为...)

  例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

  因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。

  三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)

  例句:What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

  How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

  遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

  三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)

  例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

  我们的交通状况令人不满意。

  三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对...有很大的影响)

  例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health.

  抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

  三十三、do good to (对...有益),do harm to (对...有害)

  例句:Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。

  Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。

  三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)

  例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

  污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

  三十五、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one‘s best (尽全力去...)

  例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.

  我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

  常见标点符号的用法

  句号 Period [.]

  用以表示一个句子的结束

  Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.

  The federal government is based in Ottawa.

  用在缩写中

  B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.

  Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.

  The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.

  It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.

  问号 Question Mark [?]

  在句子的结尾使用问号表示是直接疑问句:

  How many provinces are there in Canada?

  注意:在间接疑问句结尾不要加问号:

  The teacher asked the class a question.

  Do not ask me why.

  叹号 Exclamation Mark [!]

  在句子的结尾使用叹号表示惊讶、兴奋等情绪:

  We won the Stanley Cup!

  The forest is on fire!

  逗号 Comma [,]

  句子中的停顿

  Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.

  在疑问句中引出说话人:

  "I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."

  排列三个或以上的名词:

  Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.

  引出定语从句

  Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.

  单引号 Apostrophe [']

  表示所有

  This is David's computer.

  These are the player's things. (things that belong to the player)

  Note: 对于复数形式的名词,只加'

  These are the players' things. (things that belong to the players)

  缩写I don't know how to fix it.

  [NextPage]

  引号Quotation Marks ["]

  直接引出某人说的话:

  The prime minister said, "We will win the election."

  "I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."

  冒号Colon [:]

  引出一系列名词

  There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.

  引出一个较长的引语

  The prime minister said: "We will fight. We will not give up. We will win the next election."

  分号Semicolon [;]

  将两个相关的句子连接起来

  The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.

  和逗号一同使用引出一系列名词

  The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.

  破折号Dash [-]

  在一个句子前作总结

  Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.

  在一个句子的前面或后面加入额外的注释

  The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store. Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.

  表示某人在说话过程中被打断

  The woman said, "I want to ask - " when the earthquake began to shake the room.

  连字符Hyphen [-]

  连接两个单词

  sweet-smelling

  fire-resistant

  将前缀

  anti-Canadian

  non-contact

  在数字中使用

  one-quarter

  twenty-three

  英语六级词汇与语法结构命题趋势

  《大学英语教学大纲修订稿》对大学英语基础阶段词汇教学的较高要求(六级)规定如下:

  领会式掌握的单词为5,500个,其中复合式掌握的单词为3,000个,以及由这些词构成的常用词组2000条(中学所掌握的单词和词组包括在内),并具有按照构词法识别生词的`能力,领会式掌握是指看到英语单词能理解其词义,复合式掌握是指能正确拼写单词并掌握其基本词义和用法。大学英语六级测试就是检验学生是否达到了较高要求。

  在大学英语六级考试中,词汇和语法同属一个考试项目,考试时间为20分钟,考试题数为30个,计分为每小题0.5分,其计15分。题目分配:30道题中,约60%(18道题)为词和短语的用法,约40%(12道题)为语法结构。可见,与四级测试相比而言,六级更重视词汇的测试。考试范围为教学大纲词汇表一至六级全部内容。测试词汇量大约5000~5300个单词及一定量的习语,涉及动词、动词短语、名词、形容词和副词等,目的是为了测试学生运用词、短语的能力。

  从历年大学英语六级考试的试卷分析可以看出:词汇测试主要集中在词义的记忆与辨析、词汇的搭配与用法等项目上,归纳起来,可大致分为下列几种:

  1.同义、近义辨析题 词汇区别是词汇测试的一个重要方面,它主要是对同义词或近义词在含义与用法上进行区别。这类试题的选项是四个词性相同、词义相同或相近的词。测试的目的在于检测考生辨别词义和运用词汇的能力。词汇区别一直是学生在学习英语过程中遇到的一大难题。这主要是由于他们没有掌握汉英两种语言在词汇方面的差异,往往只注意英语的汉语释义,而忽略了其本身的内在涵义和用法。 eg. The driver of the lorry sustained only minor to legs and arms. A. hurt B. wound C. harm D. injury 答案 D。餐车司机的腿和胳膊只受了一些轻伤。这道题测试考生对同义词细微差别的辨别能力。四个选项中的名词都含有“伤害”之意,但它们之间还有语义使用范围上的细微差别。hurt多指“感情、精神”上的伤害。wound多指由枪炮等武器所造成的伤害。harm指危害、害伤。injury指在事故、战争中所受的伤害。根据题意,答案应选D。

  2.近形词汇题 英语词汇中,有一些拼写很相似,但它们的词义或词性却不同。英语六级考试的一条重要命题规律就是用形近词来干扰考生作出正确选择。其目的是要检测考生辨别词形和运用词汇的能力。如果考生平时不善于对形近词进行自觉的对比,对它们的差异不甚了解,那就会在答题时绯徊不定,难以作出正确的选择,甚至张冠李戴。? eg.Though the long term cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee. A.affect B.effect C.effort D.afford 答案 B。尽管工程的远期效果还无法预测,委员会还是批准了这项工程。这四个词拼写相似,但它们的词义或词性却不同。affect动词,意为“影响”;effect为名词,意为“效果”;effort名词,意为“努力”;afford动词,意为“负担得起;提供”。掌握了它们之间的这些差异,你会毫不犹豫地选择B。

  3.词组与习惯用法辨析题

  1)动词短语搭配 英语动词短语是英语的难点之一,它是由动词+副词、动词+介词、动词+副词+介词几种方式构成的惯用组合,具有自己独特的意义。其意义、语法、用法等常使考生感到困难。首先,动词短语的词义不是动词和副词、介词等小品词的简单组合,往往难以从字面上理解。其次,动词短语的使用场合及范围不易弄清楚。第三,同义、近义和反义的动词短语容易混淆。要学好英语,必须学会使用动词短语。测试动词短语的题目在词汇题中占有很大的比例,其目的是测试考生辨别和运用动词短语,尤其是同一动词所构成的不同动词短语的能力。 eg.The car won't start because the battery was ._______ A.run up B.run down C.run off D.run over 答案 B。蓄电池电力减弱了,因此汽车无法发动起来。这是一个因果关系的句子。“汽车为什么发动不起来?”原因是“电池电力减弱”。四个选项中,只有run down有“减弱”之意,其它三个选择项与本句意思不合。run up表示“增长”,run off“逃离”;run over“溢出”。如果考生掌握了这四个动词短语的含义,就会作出正确的选择了。

  2)习惯用语题 英语习语(English idiom)具有特有的、约定俗成的结构形式,如“步行”,可说on foot,不说by foot,而“乘车”要说by bus,不说on bus。再如anything but与nothing but两个词组意义完全不同anything but的基本意思是not at all,而nothing but的基本意思是only。英语中的习语令人眼花缭乱,其构成形式有的甚至无规律可循。它们通常由两个或两个以上的词组成,不能任意拆开。其意义常常不是单词意义的简单结合,而是另外具有新的意义。因此,应把词组作为一个整体来记。测试的目的是检验考生对常用词组的理解和运用能力。 eg.Please don't stand in the kitchen door, you're ______ . A.in a way B.by the way C.in no way D.in the way 答案 D。不要站在厨房门口,你挡路了。这四个选择项都是固定词组,都有自己的含义。ina way表示“在某种程度上或某点上”;by the way“顺便说一下”;in no way“决不”;in the way表示“挡路,妨碍”;“阻止”。根据题意答案应为D。学生面对这些貌似杂乱无章,没有规律可循的习惯表达法,一方面要广读多看,博词强记;另一方面还要会寻找规律,学会归纳,避免机械记忆而事倍功半。 总而言之,解答词汇题的先决条件是对词汇的理解和辨析。因此考生平时要注意弄清楚词的内涵和外部关系,尤其是要注意了解名词、动词、形容词等实词彼此之间以及它们与介词或副词之间的搭配关系。与此同时,还要留心词的惯用法,把习语作为一个整体储存在脑海里。

  语法命题趋势

  语法结构是考生必须掌握的一个重要部分。在六级考试中,语法内容出现在词语用法与语法结构这一部分(Vocabulary and Structure)。从以往考试的全真题来看,语法结构所占的比例略小于词语用法,但数目相差并不多。语法测试要求考生根据题目所提供的某种线索,从给出的四个选择项中选出在语法规则上、语意逻辑上及文体上与题干完全吻合的最佳答案。从内容上来看,语法部分的测试强调全面性,除略微偏重虚拟语气外,教学大纲语法结构表中的其他语法项目几乎都涉及到了。语法测试的另一个重要特点是其特殊性,测试的重点多为语法项目中的特殊点,如虚拟语气中if的省略与倒装、情态动词与完成体的搭配等。 因此,考生必须在全面、准确、透彻掌握基本语法项目的基础上,进一步钻研其中特殊的疑难点,并辅以大量的练习,才能顺利通过语法难关。 语法结构部分主要测试时态和语态、虚拟语气、主从复合句(定语从句、名词从句、状语从句等)、句法结构(强调句型、倒装语序、独立结构等)以及一致问题、固定句型等内容。考生需要注意的是,在开始答题之前,一定要对选择项及题干进行认真的分析,辨明该题所要测试的语法点以及出题者的测试意图,只有这样,在应试时才能做到心中有数,临场不乱。

  一般将来时(Simple Future Tense)

  一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。

  例A:I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.

  (如明天下雨我就不来。)

  例B:My brother will leave for the United States next week.

  (我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。)

  解说 从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词“shall/will”。关于“shall/will”的用法,传统文法谈得很多,同时各文法学家的理论也不很一致。更重要的是英国人和美国人对“shall/will”的用法规则并不很一致,也不很严谨,所以本书拟只提供下面的五个规则,相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了,你的“shall/will”的用法就可以中规中矩了。

  ①说或写都尽量使用“I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …”的简缩形(如用法例2、3)。

  ②要表达主语的“意志”,通常都用“will”(文法上称为意志将来。)

  例A:I won't see him again.

  (我不愿意再和他见面。)

  例B:Who will go and help that poor old man?

  (谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人?)

  Mary will . (玛莉愿意。)

  ③说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去,通常用“shall”。

  例A:You shall not do that again.

  (你不可以再做那样的事。)

  例B:He shall return that book tomorrow.

  (明天他必须把那本书归还。)

  ④第一人称问句使用“shall”。

  例A:Shall I call you a taxi ?

  (需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?)

  例B:Shall we tell her the truth ?

  (我们可以把实情告诉她吗?)

  ⑤问句是“Shall…?”,答句就用“shall ~”;问句用“Will …?”,答句就用“will ~ ”。

  例A:Shall you go to school tomorrow ?

  (你明天须要上学去吗?)

  Yes, I shall . We'll have an exam .

  (是的,我必须去。我们明天有考试。)

  例B:Will you go to school with me tomorrow?

  (明天你要不要和我一道去学校?)

  No, I won't . I'm going on a picnic.

  (我不要。我已定好要去郊游。)

  注:Let's …”的附加疑问通常使用“…, shall we ?”。

  Let's have a rest, shall we?

  (我们休息一下,怎样?)

  一般将来时除了使用“shall/will + V…”以外,也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达。

  1.be going to + V … (即将会……;打算将……)

  例A:It is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you.

  (带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。)

  例B:The Browns are going to move to Australia.

  (布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。)

  2.be about to + V (即将……,指紧接着要发生的动作。)

  例:Let's wait a minute. He is about to arrive.

  (我们等一下。他即将会到达。)

  3.be + V-ing …(定于……,指接近的将来动作。)

  例:He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.

  (他定于明天早晨到香港去。)

  4.be + to V (定于……,指预定的将来动作。)

  例:She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.

  (她定于明晨九时到达这里。)

  5.V-(e)s (定于……,指接近的将来动作,但不如第3项主观。)

  例:He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.

  (他定于明天早晨到香港去。——与(3)项的区别在于(3)项的动作是出自主语的决定,(5)项则不一定是出自主语的决定。)

  常用于修饰一般将来时的时间副词有:tomorrow, tomorrow morning (afternoon, evening), next + 时间 (next night, next Monday …, next week, month…, next summer…, next year), in (the) future (将来),soon (不久之后),in +时间 (in five days——再过五天,in two weeks——再过二星期),etc.

  Drilling Square

  Ⅰ.请在下列各题空格处填入shall或will。

  1.You ______ not drive through a red light.

  2.I ______ do everything for her.

  3.______ you help me with this heavy bag, John?

  4.______ I help you with that heavy bag, Madam?

  5.Let's go and take a walk after dinner, ______ we?

  6."No one ______ leave the classroom if I haven't said Okay," said the teacher.

  7.It ______ soon be over, I am sure.

  8.Do what you ______ , but don't go out.

  9.I ______ take you there with me, if it's OK with your mother.

  10.Rain or shine, I ______ come.

  Ⅱ.请在下列各题空格处就所设动词给予适当的将来时。

  1.A:How do you want to go to Hualain, by air or by train?

  B:I am not in a hurry this time, so I (1) take the train.

  2.A:(2) (you like) to go to the game this afternoon?

  B:I'd love to. Where (3) (we meet) ?

  A:You just stay home and wait for me. I (4) drive my car there, so I (5) (pick) you up at about 1:30 .

  3.A:It's a good dictionary . I (6) (buy) it, but I don't have money with me now.

  B:Don't worry. I (7) (lend) you.

  4.A:I hear Miss Chen (8) leave our school and teach in a bigger school in Taipei.

  B:But the principal (校长) (9) not let her go . He says she (10) teach at least for another semester until he finds a new teacher.

  英语中的基本句式

  英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:

  S十V主谓结构

  S十V十F主系表结构

  S十V十O主谓宾结构

  S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构

  S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构

  说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语

  五个基本句式详细解释如下:

  1.S十V句式

  在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如:

  He runs quickly.

  他跑得快。

  They listened carefully.

  他们听得很仔细。

  He suffered from cold and hunger.

  他挨冻受饿。

  China belongs to the third world country.

  中国属于第三世界国家。

  The gas has given out.

  煤气用完了。

  My ink has run out.

  我的钢笔水用完了。

  2.S十V十P句式

  在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:

  He is older than he looks.

  他比看上去要老。

  He seen interested in the book.

  他似乎对这本书感兴趣。

  The story sounds interesting.

  这个故事听起来有趣。

  The desk feels hard.

  书桌摸起来很硬。

  The cake tastes nice.

  饼尝起来很香。

  The flowers smell sweet and nicc.

  花闻起来香甜。

  You have grown taller than before.

  你长得比以前高了。

  He has suddenly fallen ill.

  他突然病倒了。

  He stood quite still.

  他静静地站看。

  He becomes a teacher when he grew up.

  他长大后当了教师。

  He could never turn traitor to his country.

  他永远不会背叛他的祖国。

  注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如:

  He looked me up and down.

  他上下打量我。

  He reached his hand to feel the elephant.

  他伸出手来摸象。

  They are tasting the fish.

  他们在品尝鱼。

  They grow rice in their home town.

  他们在家乡种水稻。

  He‘s got a chair to sit on.

  他有椅子坐。

  Please turn the sentence into English.

  请把这个句于泽成英语。

  3.S十V十O句式

  在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:

  I saw a film yesterday.

  我昨天看了一部电影。

  Have you read the story?

  你读过这个故事吗?

  They found their home easily.

  他们很容易找到他们的家。

  They built a house last year.

  他们去年建了一所房子。

  They‘ve put up a factory in the village.

  他们在村里建了一座工厂。

  They have taken good care of the children.

  这些孩子他们照看得很好。

  You should look after your children well.

  你应该好好照看你的孩子。

  4.S十V十O1十O2句式

  在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:

  He gave me a book/a book to me.

  他给我一本书。

  He brought me a pen/a pen to me.

  他带给我一枝钢笔。

  He offered me his seat/his seat to me.

  他把座位让给我。

  注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:

  Mother bought me a book/a book for me.

  妈妈给我买了一本书。

  He got me a chair/a chair for me.

  他给我弄了一把椅子。

  Please do me a favor/a favor for me.

  请帮我一下。

  He asked me a question/a question of me.

  他问我个问题。

  注意,下边动词只有一种说法:

  They robbed the old man of his money.

  他们抢了老人的钱。

  He‘s warned me of the danger.

  他警告我注意危险。

  The doctor has cured him of his disease.

  医生治好了他的病。

  We must rid the house of th erats.

  我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。

  They deprived him of his right to speak.

  他们剥夺了他说话的权利。

  5.S十V十O十C句式

  在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。

  常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。

  They made the girl angry.

  他们使这个女孩生气了。

  They found her happy that day.

  他们发现那天她很高兴。

  I found him out.

  我发现他出去了。

  I saw him in.

  我见他在家。

  They saw a foot mark in the sand.

  他们发现沙地上有脚印。

  They named the boy Charlie.

  他们给这个男孩起名为查理。

  I saw him come in and go out.

  我见他进来又出去。

  They felt the car moving fast.

  他们感到汽车行驶得很快。

  I heard the glass broken just now.

  我刚才听到玻璃碎了。

  He found the doctor of study closed to him.

  他发现研究所的大门对

  他关闭了。

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