英语语法经典例题 ：动词用法与辨析
英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法经典例题：动词用法与辨析，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。
英语语法经典例题：动词用法与辨析（测试题及详解）
1. We’re so busy that no one in the office can _____ for any other work.
A. spare B. be spared
C. share D. be shared
2. He regards that book _____ one of the worst that he’s _____ read.
A. to be, ever B. to be, never
C. as, ever D. as, never
3. “Did you get a job?” “No, I ______, but it’s no use.”
A. expected B. tried to
C. managed to D. planned
4. “Do you know that Jack ______ a postman for about six years?” “Yes, I see.”
A. has become B. has turned
C. has changed D. has been
5. The thing that ______ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.
A. matters B. cares
C. considers D. minds
6. I don’t want the green coat. It is red and black colours that ______ me very well.
A. suit B. fit
C. suits D. fits
7. “Will another fifty be enough?” “Just twenty will ______.”
A. work B. do
C. suit D. fit
8. Goodbye, Mr Carter — my secretary will _____ you to the door.
A. send B. lead
C. drive D. show
9. This kind of cancer can be cured, provided it is ______ early.
A. got B. gained
C. seen D. caught
10. We haven’t enough books for everyone; some of you will have to _____.
A. help B. enjoy
C. share D. spare
11. He asked her to marry him and she _____ him.
A. answered B. received
C. accepted D. agreed
12. My worst fears were _____ when I saw what the exam questions were.
A. done B. seen
C. finished D. realized
13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it _____?
A. work B. pass
C. agree D. does
14. What’s the matter with the radio? Why isn’t it _____?
A. broadcasting B. working
C. doing D. sounding
15. High unemployment _____ the government billions of pounds in lost taxes.
A. spends B. takes
C. uses D. costs
16. It’s hard to rescue drowning people because they _____ so much.
A. sink B. swim
C. jump D. struggle
17. She went to the station to meet her husband, but _____ him in the crowd.
A. passed B. recognized
C. missed D. lost
18. I missed what was happening because I wasn’t ______ very closely.
A. noticing B. running
C. watching D. glancing
19. If you lend me a pound, it will _____ me having to go to the bank.
A. save B. share
C. serve D. help
20. Don’t _______ your breath trying to persuade them; they’ll never listen.
A. use B. waste
C. spend D. put
21. He has spent little time on his lessons this term, so he _____ to fail the exam.
A. expects B. hopes
C. wishes D. requires
22. He will never ______ anything if he doesn’t work hard.
A. hope B. wish
C. achieve D. succeed
【答案与解析】
1. 选B，spare 在表示“腾出或省去(多余的人或物)”。
2. 选C，regard … as …的意思“把……当作……”，其中的介词 as 不能换成 to be。
3. 选B。I tried to 为 I tried to get a job 之省略。
4. 选D。因为A、B、C均为终止性动词，均不能连用 for about six years 这样的一段时间。
5. 选A。matter 在此的意思是“要紧”、“关系重大”。
6. 选A。填空句为强调句，强调主语 red and black colours，故其后的谓语要用复数，即排除C和D。另外，fit 与suit区别是：fit 表示“适合”或“合身”等(及物或不及物)，主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合，而 suit 表示“适合”，主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。
7. 选B。do 在此表示“够”、“足够”、“适合”、“行”、“可以”等义。又如：
This will never do! 这事永远不可以。
I’m hungry. Get me something to eat. Anything will do. 我饿了，给我弄点吃的东西，什么都行。
8. 选D。show sb to the door 意为“送某人到门口”。注意，其中的介词 to 不可省略，否则就成了 show sb the door(驱赶某人，下逐客令)。另外，也不要按汉语意思选A，因为send 通常表示派人送，而不表示亲自送。
9. 选D，catch 在此表示“发现”，句中的 provided 用作连词，意为“如果”。
10. 选C。既然书不够，不能每人一本，所以有些人只能share(分享)了。
11. 选C。accept 意为“同意”、“接受”，注意不能选D，因为 agree 后不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。
12. 选D。realize 在此的意思不是“实现”，而是指“使(不安、恐惧等)成为事实”。
13. 选A，work 在此的意思是“起作用”、“奏效”。
14. 选B。work 在此的意思是“运作”、“运转”。
15. 选D。spend 和 cost 均可表示“花费”，但句型不同：spend + 时间或金钱 + on sth (in doing sth)，cost + 某人或某机构 + 金钱或时间。
16. 选D。由句意和常识推知。
17. 选C。miss 指“错过”。
18. 选C，由句子的语境可推知。
19. 选A，save 指“省去(劳力等)”。
20. 选B。
21. 选A，expects 在此不是表示“期待”，而是表示“预料”。
22. 选C，achieve 意为“完成”、“做到”。其余三项均不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。
高考英语词语辨析：about与on的用法区别
两者都可表示“关于”，区别是：about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，其谈论的内容也较为普通;而 on 则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事，其论述的内容较正式或较严肃。比较：
He wrote on mathematics. 他撰写数学著作。
He wrote about the school. 他报道有关这所学校的情况。
It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)
It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟类的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的故事书)
高考英语词语辨析：after 与 behind 用法辨析
两者均可表示“在……之后”，既有相同之处，也有不同之处。分述如下：
1. after 主要用于时间或次序，behind 主要用于位置。如：
He decided to leave after lunch. 他决定午饭后离开。
Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。
The hospital is behind the post office. 医院在邮局后面。
注：behind 有时也用于时间，表示“迟于”，主要用于 behind time(迟，晚)这一习语。如：
The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火车晚点 20 分钟。
2. 两者都可用于引申义，after 侧重指追求、寻找、模仿等;而behind 则侧重指在背后、支持、落后等。如：
The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。
Many young people are after her. 许多年青人都追求她。
We are behind you completely. 我们完全支持你。
He is behind the others in maths. 他的数学不如别人。
高考英语词语辨析：after 与 in 用法的三点区别
1. 均可与一段时间连用，表示“在……之后”，但 after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后，因此通常与过去时连用;而 in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后，因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。如：
He came back after three days. 3 天后他回来了。
I’ll come back in three days. 我 3 天后回来。
I think he can come back in three days. 我想他 3 天后可以回来。
2. after 除与一段时间连用外，还可与一点时间连用，此时可用于将来时(注：in 不能与一点时间连用)。如：
He will arrive after five o’clock. 他 5 点钟以后到。
3. after 可以与某些表示活动的名词连用，表示“在……之后”(注：in 不能这样用)。如：
after school 放学后 after the meeting 散会后
after liberation 解放后 after one’s graduation 毕业后
2014高考英语抓分训练：动词和动词短语辨析及答案详解
2014高考英语抓分训练：动词和动词短语辨析
1.His friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldn't________and choose.
A.pick B.take
C.start D.mind
2.The statement said five people died at the scene in this accident, while 15 others, their teacher included, were ________ dead by the afternoon.
A.convinced B.described
C.committed D.confirmed
3. The colour of that Tshirt ________ and made all the other clothes pink.
A.went B.disappeared
C.ran D.fell
4. It ________ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family.
A.took B.needed
C.spent D.shared
5. Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A.acquired B.finished
C. concluded D.achieved
6. He has talents by which he might ___ _____ himself.
A.expose B.admire
C.distinguish D.hide
7.The US government on Wednesday ________ former Commerce Secretary Gary Locke as ambassador to China, making him the first ChineseAmerican ever to take the post.
A.accumulated B.reflected
C.distinguished D.confirmed
8. Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”， intending to ________ on us the significance of being independent.
A.base B.impress
C.focus D.rely
9.One reason why the housing prices in big cities are going up all the time is that people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.[来源:www.shulihua.net]
A.breaking B.pouring[来源:www.shulihua.net]
C.filling D.squeezing
10.Do not fear them, for there is nothing covered that will not be ________， and nothing hidden that will not be made known.
A.criticized B.defined
C.estimated D.revealed
11.Learning to ________ makes it easier for one to get along with others in work and life.
A.create B.live
C.share D.learn
12.Recently the south of our country has been worst ________ by the drought.
A.impressed B.affected
C.expressed D.designed
13.Your daughter ________ to be a famous musician, so you should keep her practising the piano.
A.promises B.agrees
C.expects D.pretends
14.It's no surprise she's leaving the course—she's never really________.
A.fitted in B.showed up
C.given in D.burnt up
15.I listened carefully to his long b oring speech, but could not ________ what he was talking abou t.
A.pick out B.bri ng out
C.make out D.give out
16.—Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?
—Not really.We waited in line for an hour, only to be ________ at the door.
A.turned away B.turned out
C.turned off D.turned up
17. Whenever I look at these photos, they will ________ happy memories of my stay in New York.
A.call off B.call for
C.call up D.call on
18. The secretary has a lot of things to ________ in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.
A.take up B.make up
C.work out D.carry out
19.It is so noisy in the restaurant and hard for us to________a conversation.
A.go on B.keep on
C.carry on D.take on
20.—Shall I ________ the raincoat?
—No hurry. Leave it where it is. It looks like rain.
A.put away B.put on
C.put forward D.put up
21. A wellwritten composition ________ good choice of words and clear organization.
A.calls on B.call s for
C.calls up D.calls off
22.—Why are you ________ your things?
—Well, the fact is, I've decided to leave.
A.picking up B.packing up
C.putting up D.taking up
23.A cellphone could ________the energy which could activate your brain.
A.give away B.give off
C.give back D.give up
24. How much you earn is not very important.It is how you earn the money that ________.
A.counts B.values
C.minds D.means
25.That pretty girl really ________ my eye the moment the performance started.
A.caught B.held
C.pulled D.fixed
26. While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to ________down their expenses.
A.cut B.put
C.turn D.settle
27.The China National Environmental Monitoring Centre________ air quality in urban areas from levels one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor and dangerous.
A.distributes B.arranges
C.classifies D.divides
28. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A.spot B.dismiss
C.shelter D.distinguish
29. My brother is very tall. The little bed won't ________ for him.
A.prepare B.match
C.fit D.do
30.—If your son keeps practising, he ________ to make a famous crosscountry skier in our province.
—I'm thrilled with joy and very grateful to you, Mr Li.
A.wants B.hopes
C.promises D.wishes
31.Both parents and teenagers should try their best to communicate more with each other and ________ the gap between them.
A.open B.adjust
C.narrow D.reduce
32.What you should do is just ________ the milk until it boils and then turn off the gas.
A.watch B.notice
C.sense D.attend
33.One primary goal of UNESCO is to ________ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.
A.make up B.polish up
C.build up D.give up
34.After decades of effort, the city is still trying to ________ how to ban smoking in public places.
A.look through B.get through
C.figure out D.take out
35.The public ________ Yuan Longping, a great mind who has devoted himself to the research into hybrid ri ce(杂交水稻).
A.live up to B.look up to
C.come up with D.put up with
36.—Jack can't concentrate on his lessons recently.
—Yes, that might ________ why he did so badly in the last test.
A.answer for B.apply for
C.account for D.call for
37.We did have a quarrel about money last night, but now we have already ________.
A.taken up B.made up
C.put up D.brought up
38.More and more rich people have promised to ________ their wealth after death to help the poor and the disabled.
A.give away B.give up
C.give out D.give off
39.It is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.
A.look upon B.look after
C.look into D.look out
40.The middleaged man said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to ________ his acceptance in writing.
A.confirm B.convey
C.convince D.consider
41.Remember to ________ a good state of mind even if you should fail plenty of times.
A.take up B.brush up
C.get up D.keep up
42.Had she ________ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.
A.looked up to B.lived up to
C.kept up with D.come up with
43.Just as Professor Scotti often ________ it, success is ninetynine per cent of mental attitude.
A.gets B.makes
C.puts D.means
44.The keys were ________ to our neighbours du ring our absence.
A.given out B.given away
C.given over D.given up
答案详解：
1.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的朋友建议他应该做他能得到的任何工作而不应该挑挑拣拣。
2.D 考查动词辨析。句意：有报告称，5人在这次意外事故中当场死亡，然而另外的15人包括他们的老师在内截止到下午被证实死亡。be confirmed dead被证实死亡。
3.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处run意为“褪色”。句意：那件T恤衫的颜色掉了，把其他所有衣服都染成了粉红色。
4.A 考查动词的用法。此处it为形式主语，后面的to make the break with his family是真正的主语。
5.D 考查动词词义辨析。此处achieve意为“完成，做到，获得(胜利等)，达到(目的)”，指克服困难之后取得成功、成就或实现预期的目标，强调结果。根据其宾语all of the goals可判断出“Lucy达到/实现了所有的目标”。acquire 取得，获得;finish 完成，结束;conclude 结束，终止。
6.C 考查动词辨析。此处expose 意为“揭露，揭发;使曝光;显示”;admire意为“钦佩;赞美”;distinguish 意为“区分;辨别;使杰出，使表现突出 ”;hide 意为“隐藏;隐瞒”。句意：他有一些别于常人的能力。
7.D 考查动词词义辨析。此处confirm sb as意为“任命某人为……”。句意：星期三美国政府任命原商务部部长Gary Locke为中国大使，使他成为第一个担任这个职位的美籍华人。
8.B 考查动词词义辨析。此处impress on sb sth意为“使……意识到某事”。句意：格林女士经常说：“天助自助者”，她有意识地使我们意识到独立的重要性。
9.B 考查动词词义辨析。此处pour into意为“涌向……”。句意：大城市房价一直上升的原因之一是人们大量地涌入过度拥挤的大城市。
10.D 考查动词词义辨析。criticize批评;define限制;estimate估计;reveal揭发，揭露。句意：不要害怕，没有不被揭露的事情，任何隐藏的事情都得被人们知道。
11.C 考查动词词义辨析。create创造;live生活;share分享;learn学习。句意：学会分享可以使人在工作和生活中与他人相处得更容易。
12.B 考查动词词义辨析。impress刻印;affect影响;express表达;design设计。句意：最近，我国南方受到了最严重的旱灾的影响。[来源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net]
13.A 考查动词词义辨析。此处promise表示“很可能，预示”。agree同意;expect期待;pretend假装。句意：你女儿有可能成为著名的音乐家，所以你应该让她练习弹钢琴。
14.A 考查动词短语辨析。fit in适应，合得来;show up 出现，露面;give in屈服;burn up烧光。句意：她离开这个课程一点儿也不奇怪。她从来没有真正适应过。
15.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处make out意为“弄明白”。句意：我仔细地听了他冗长而令人厌烦的演讲，但没能明白他在讲什么。
16.A 考查动词短语辨析。此处turn away意为“拒绝”。句意：……我们排队等了一个小时，结果在门口被拒绝了。
17.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处call up意为“唤起”。句意：每当我看到这些照片，它们就会唤起我在纽约的美好回忆。
18.B 考查动词短语辨析。 句意：秘书要把办公室留下的许多事补回来，因为她已经外出好多天了。make up“弥补”，符合语境。take up占据;work out算出;carry out执行。都不合句意。
19.C 考查动词短语辨析。此处carry on意为“继续”。句意：饭店太吵闹了，我们很难继续谈话。
20.A 考查动词短语辨析。此处put away意为“把……收起”。句意：“我把雨衣收起来好吗?”“不急。把它放在原处。天看起来要下雨。”
21.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一篇写得好的文章需要好的措词和清晰的结构。此处call for意为“需要”。
22.B 考查动词短语辨析。此处pack up意为“收拾”。句意：“你为什么收拾你的东西?”“事实是我决定离开。”
23.B give away 捐赠; give off 发出，放出;give back 归还;give up 放弃。故选B。
24.A 考查 动词词义辨析。句意：你挣多少钱不重要，重要的是你怎样挣钱。
25.A 考查动词词义辨析。此处catch one's eye意为“吸引某人的眼球，引起某人的注意”。
26.A 考查动词短语辨析。cut down削减，缩短，砍倒;put down放下，写下，批评，奚落，贬损;turn down关小，调低，拒绝;settle down安顿下来。与费用(expenses)有关时，常用削减(cut down)费用。句意：当价格飞涨时，许多人做出了削减费用的举措。故A为最佳答案。
27.C 考查动词辨析。句意：国家环境监控中心把城市空气质量分成五级……。cla ssify 表示“分类”，故选C项。distribute 分配，散布;arrange 安排;divide 分割，分开。
28.C 考查动词辨析。根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供“庇护”，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的，还是想象的。spot认出，发现; dismiss开除，解散; distinguish区分。都不符合语意。shelter…from… 保护……免受(危险等)。
29.D 考查动词辨析。do for sb意思是“适合……，对……有效”。
30.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处promise意为“有希望成为……”。句意：“如果你的儿子坚持训练，他有望成为我们省著名的跨国飞行员。”“我非常高兴，也很感激你，李老师。”
31.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处narrow意为“缩小，使……变窄”。
32.A 考查动词词义辨析。watch关注;notice注意到;sense感觉;attend参加。句意：你应该做的事就是看着牛奶直到它开了，然后关掉煤气。
33.C 考查动词短语。题意：建立现代化的知识社会，让所有人都能参与信息与知识，是联合国教科文组织的主要目标之一。build up建立;make up弥补，虚构，整理，和解，化妆;polish up改善，润色;give up放弃。
34.C 考查动词短语辨析。look through看穿，浏览;get through做完，通过;figure out解决，想出办法;take out拿出，取出。句意：经过几十年的努力，这座城市仍然在试图解决如何禁止在公共场合吸烟的问题。
35.B 考查动词短语辨析。根据语意“人们尊敬袁隆平，这位全身心地投入杂交水稻研究的伟人”可知选B项。look up to 尊敬;live up to 不辜负，达到;come up with 提出，想到;put up with 容忍，忍受。
36.C 考查动词短语辨析。语境：那有可能是他上次考试考得如此糟糕的原因。account for 是……的原因，说明，解释;answer for 对……负责;apply for 向……申请;call for 需要。
37.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：昨天晚上我们确实因为钱的问题吵了一架，但现在我们已经和好了。注意关键信息did have a quarrel和but。take up占据(时、空)，从事;make up弥补，和解;put up举起，张贴;bring up教育，培养，提出。根据句意可知B项正确。
38.A 考查动词短语辨析。give away分发;give up放弃;give out 用完，分发，发出;give off发出(气味，热、光等)。句意：越来越多的富人承诺他们死后把他们的财产分发下去以帮助穷人及残疾人。
39.C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：据报道，警察很快会调查两名失踪儿童的案件。look into调查;look upon尊敬; look after照看; look out小心。
40.A 考查动词词义辨析。confirm承认，确认;convey传递;convince说服;consider 考虑。根据句意选A。
41.D 考查动词短语辨析。此处keep up意为“保持”。句意：即使你失败多次，你也要记得保持良好的心态。
42.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果她不辜负她的诺言的话，她会成功地进入耶鲁大学。
43.C 考查动词词义辨析。此处put意为“说，表达”。句意：正如Scotti教授所说，成功取决于99%的精神态度。
44.C 考查动词短语的用法。句意：当我们不在时，我们把钥匙交给了我们的邻居。此处give over意为“交给”。
高考英语二轮语法名词辨析及试题集
一、考点聚焦
1.可数名词单、复数变化形式
（1）规则变化。
①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy - boys, pen - pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。
特例：stomach - stomachs
③以"辅音字母 + y"结尾的变"y"为"i"再加"-es"。如：
baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。
④以"o"结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。
如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。
⑤以"f"或"fe"结尾的名词复数形式变"f"或"fe"为"v"，之后再加-es。
如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。
特例：handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。
⑥改变元音字母的`。如：man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet, woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen。特例：child - children。
⑦复合名词的复数形式。
（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。
如：armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - bookstores。
（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。
如：man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women drivers。
（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。
如：brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by。
⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。
如：zero - zeros 、zeroes; penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。
（2）不规则变化。
①单、复数同形。
如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。
②合成名词的复数。
如：boy-friend - boy-friends, go-between- go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up - grown-ups。
③有些名词通常只用作复数。
如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富, surroundings环境，ashes灰尘, compasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits 以很高热情地，give one's regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。
④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，
如：people, cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;
有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。
如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。
2、不可数名词的数
（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：
抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）
in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)
Failure(失败)is the mother of success 失败是成功之母。 a failure失败者
by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历
youth青春 a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情 with pleasure乐意
a pleasure乐事
②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?
It is waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：
①物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。
如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。
②物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。
have breakfast The road is covered with snow.
have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.
(3)有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：
Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties.
Have you made preparations for tomorrow's meeting?
Many thanks for your kindness.
No pains, no gains.
After many failures, they finally succeeded.
②有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
3.名词所有格
（1）"'s"所有格的特殊表示形式有：
① 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，
如：today's newspaper,five minutes'walk(drive),five pounds'weight, ten dollars'worth of coffee
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。
如：the earth's planet, the word's population, China's industry, New York's parks。
（2）"of"所有格的特殊表示方式有：
①表示"部分"时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），
如：Some students of Mister Zhang's have gone to college.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。
②表示"其中之一，其中一部分"的意思时，用：a friend of Tom's汤姆的一个朋友（许多朋友中的一位）。
③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用：that/this/these/those + 名词（单、复数）of Mary's/yours/his/hers。如：
That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那项发明是属于全世界的（表赞赏）。
4、名词作定语
英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
（1）分类意义。
air pollution 空气污染 boy friend 男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得税
tennis ball网球 song writer歌曲作家
body language身体语言 road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖
（2）时间、地点、称呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞 country music乡村音乐
village people村民 school education学校教育
China problem中国问题
（3）表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。
reception desk接待台 sports field田径场
stone table石桌 color TV彩电
weather report天气预报
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science. (NMET 2001)
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
解析：答案为D。当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成下列结构，如：What a nice book! This is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等，应采取too/how + 形容词（副词）+ a(an) + 名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构，并加以分析。
2. The police are offering a __________to anyone who can give information about the lost key.（NMET 1999）
A.price B.prize C.reward D.money
解析：答案为C。price 价格，价钱；prize奖金。Ｄ项是钱，属不可数名词，题中所要填的是"酬金，报酬"。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的基础，在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等，才能更好辨析名词，从而选择最符合句意的选项。
3.You'll find this map of great _____________in helping you to get round London（NMET 1998）
A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness
解析：答案为C。本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及"be of + 抽象名词"结构。Price (价格)，cost（价钱，费用，成本）不符合题意，value作"quality of being useful or desirable"解时，常与of搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为"有用，有价值"。故选择value。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达，题中"of + 抽象名词"相当于该名词的形容词形式。
练习：名词
1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.
A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves
2. There are three ____ in our factory.
A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor
3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?
A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes
4. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office.
A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief's
B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief's
C. editors-in-chiefs, editor's-in-chief's
D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief's
5. The ant has two ____.
A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs
6. He doesn't like ____ for supper.
A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks
7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming.
A. so B. such C. so as D. such a
8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.
A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound
10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.
A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattles
11. A number of soldiers ____ at he camp gate（军营门口）.
A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was
12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car.
A. deal B. amount C. number D. size
13. ____ work has been done to improve the people's living standard.
A. Many B. A great many
C. A great deal of D. A number of
14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.
A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands
15. Two ____, please.
A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee
16. I can't pay as ____ as he asked for.
A. high price a B. high price
C. a high price D. high a price
17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly.
A. Man's B. Men's C. Mens' D. Person's
18.I stayed at ____.
A. Xiao Wang's B. Wang's home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang
19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory.
A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe's
20. Have you ever read ____?
A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. today's newspaper
21. Two ____ walk didn't made me tired.
A. hour B. hours C. hour's D. hours'
22. The mother over there is ____ mother.
A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary's C. Julia's and Mary's D. Julia's and Mary
23. Li Ming's handwriting is better than ____ in the class.
A. anyone's B. anyone else C. anyone's else's D. anyone else's
24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.
A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand
25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____.
A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days.
A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel
27. We have no ____ about where she has gone.
A. information B. news C. message D. flash
28. Food and ____ are daily necessities（需要）for the people.
A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing
29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be.
A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill
30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.
A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened
C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place
31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart.
A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. striking
32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.
A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man
33. He was an ____ in the government ____.
A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer
34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____.
A. character, character B. characters, characters
C. character, characters D. characters, character
35. We visited him ____ when he was in hospital.
A. every other days B. each other day C. every other day D. every two day
36. My friend will return in ____.
A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two days
37. ____ is always difficult for me.
A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation
38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.
A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation
39. The police ____ looking into the matter now.
A. be B. is C. are D. are going to
40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people.
A. the B. a C. / D. one
41. No news ____ good news.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.
A. looks B. seems C. is D. are
43. "Where ____ my trousers?" the boy asked.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____.
A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit
45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something.
A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses
46. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices
47. We are ____ and they are ____.
A. Englishmen, Germans
B. Englishmen, German
C. Englishmans, Germans
D. Englishmen, Germen
48. ____ are made of ____.
A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses
49. I'll have to buy ____ trousers.
A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of
50. There are two ____ in our class.
A. Liu B. Lius C. Liu's D. Lius'
51. ____ is needed in cold countries.
A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing
C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes
52. They are ____.
A. mathematics student
B. mathematic students
C. students in mathematics
D. mathematics students
53. The laboratory assistant recorded the ____ reactions（反应）.
A. mouses' B. mice C. mices' D. mice's
54. This letter was sent by ____.
A. my father friend
B. my father friend's
C. a friend of my father's
D. a friend of my father
55. Ten years had passed. I found she had ____.
A. a little white hair
B. some white hair
C. a few white hair
D. a few white hairs
56. I have made ____ with Billy.
A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend
57. The population of Beijing is ____ than that of Xi'an.
A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small
58. There are thirty-two ____ in our school.
A. woman teacher B. women teacher
C. women teachers D. woman teachers
59. He had tried everything but it made little____ .
A. use B. good C. difference D. result
60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no____ in sending the blood to the dying man.
A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry
61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any___ .
A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value
62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my ___of spare time.
A. idea B. thought C. mind D. intention
63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the____ .
A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. course
64. One splendid mountain____ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.
A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene
65.The new law will come into ___on the day it is passed. (1999上海)
A. effect B. use C. service D. existence
66. When you play' football, what ______do you play?
A. situation B. place C. part D. position
67. It's important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the______in language studies.
A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation
68. I wrote him a letter to show my ______of his thoughtfulness.
A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation
69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good______ .
A. sight B. scene C. view D. look
70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of ______are widely used in the country.
A. energy B. force C. power D. materials
71. ______with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.
A. Contrast B. Competition C. Contact D. Combination
72. We all know that______speak louder than words.
A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions
73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ___.(NMET1997 38)
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
74.We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no ____but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33)
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
75.He dropped the ___and broke it . (Met 1993, 38)
A. cup of coffee B. coffee's cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
76.Here's my card. Let's keep in ____. (NMET1994 ,33)
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
77.He gained his ___by printing ___of famous writers.(NMET1995,40)
A. wealth; work B. wealths ; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
78.I'll look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a little ___.(MET 1996 ,10)
A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest
79.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ____.(NMET1997,18)
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
80.These football players had no strict ___until they joined our club. (1997.上海 20)
A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training
81.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ___.(1996.上海.15)
A. energy B. source C. power D. material
82.You'll find this map of great __in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998 21)
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
83.We all know that ___speak louder than words.(1999.上海 24)
A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions
84.My parents always let me have my own ____of living. (1999.上海25)
A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion
Key:
1~5 BBDDD 6~10 BBCAA 11~15 ABCCB 16~20 DAACD 21~25 DBDCD
26~30 BADBD 31~35 AABDC 36~40 BACCB 41~45 ABDCA 46~50 BABCB
51~55 BDDCD 56~60 ABCCB 61~65 BACAA 66~70 DADCA 71~75 CDCBD
76~80 ADCAD 81~84 ACDA
2006全国各省市高考试卷中的名词试题:
1．(全国卷2)11. It is no _______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A. use B. help C. time D. way
2．(上海春)41. Put the ___ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound.
A. tip B. top C. peak D. pole
3．(天津卷)15. Finding information in today's world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.
A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge
4．(辽宁卷)32.School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous .
A. states B. conditions C. situations D. positions
5．(江西卷)28．It is said that dogs will keep you _________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
A. safety B. company C. house D．friend
6．(福建卷)35.Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
A. explanations B. instructions
C. descriptions D. introductions
7．(湖北卷)21. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses.
A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values
8．(湖北卷)23. The ______on his face told me that he was angry.
A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression
9．(湖北卷)24. At the meeting they discussed three different ______to the study of mathematics.
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways
10．(广东卷)34. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of .
A. date B. shape C. order D. balance
11．(浙江卷) --- If you like I can do some shopping for you.
--- That's a very kind ________.
A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion
12．(北京卷)23. She went to the bookstore and bought _________.
A. dozen books B. dozens books
C. dozen of books D. dozens of books
参考答案: AACCB BADAB 11-12 AD
【拓展内容】
英语中动词的用法总结：
一，实义动词
有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句子中能独立作谓语。
实义动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类。
及物动词：后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词。
不及物动词：本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词。
及物动词常用句型：
1，主语+谓语+宾语
2，主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
3，主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
不及物动词常用句型：主语+谓语
二，连系动词
用来连接主语和表语，连系动词后面常为形容词。
① 常用的连系动词有：be、become、go、turn、look，grow，feel，fall、sit、get，seem等。
② 有些连系动词来源于实义动词，意思也跟着变化，如：grow(生长→变得)、look(看→看起来)、get(得到、到达→变得)、smell(闻→闻起来)、taste(尝→尝起来)、grow(生长→变得)。不同的是，作为实义动词时，后面不能跟形容词。
三，助动词
① 常见的助动词有：用于进行时和被动语态的be，用于完成时的have，用于将来时的will，shall和用于一般时的do。
② 使用时，助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致，也就是说因主语人称、数的
不同而采用不同的形式，其中有些助动词也可作情态动词。如：shall，will，should，would。
四，情态动词
常见的情态动词有：can、may、must、shall、will、need等;另外，have to，had better也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。
① 表示“可能、许可、能力”(can/ could， may/ might) may/ might 比较正式 can 表示已经发生的事实再次发生的可能性;may/ might表示未知的可能性。 can/ could表示“能力”时，通常可以和be able to互换;但表示将来具有的能力或是过去有能力并成功做了某事时，只能用be able to。
② 表示“必须”(must, have to) must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时;过去时可用have to的过去时代替。 must 表示主观思想;have to 表示客观需要。否定形式：mustn’t 表示“禁止”，not have to 表示“不必”。
③ 表示“敢于……”(dare) ，主要用于否定句或疑问句中。
④ 表示“建议”(shall， may/ might， (just) as well)
⑤ 表示“需要”(need)
needn’t + have done用于评论过去已发生的事情，表示过去做了没有必要做的事情，含有“不必”之意，暗指时间和金钱的浪费。
⑥ 表示“义务，责任，劝告，建议”(should, ought to)
ought to 通常表示现在，目前发生的事。
ought to/ should have done指过去的动作，表示一件事情该做而未做。
ought to/ should not have done表示不该做的却做了。
⑦ 表示“意愿或习惯”(will/ would, shall/ should)
will / would表示主语的意愿或习惯
would和used to都可以表示一种过去的习惯。
would 主要用于回忆过去;used to主要用于与现在对比，表示已经不存在的状态
shall/ should表示主语以外其他人的意愿，强调一种要求。
shall用于第二、第三人称，表示强烈愿望，表示命令，警告，允诺。含有一定要他人做某事之意。
英语动词短语的四种类型及用法：
一、动词+副词
有的一般不跟宾语，如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟宾语，如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。
注意：宾语是名词时，放在副词前面或后面都可以，但若作宾语的是人称代词时，就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如：
We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。
We’ve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)
二、动词+介词
如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如：
I don’t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。
三、动词+副词+介词
如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如：
She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。
四、动词+名词+介词
如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如：
Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的时候，你要照顾好你弟弟。
英语动词不定式的用法总结：
不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
不定式作状语
1)目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I’m glad to see you.
典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。
英语情态动词用法归纳：
1. can 的用法：
(1).表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”， 即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may 和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。
(2).表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
(3).表示推测，意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中， 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。
【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t
【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知，应为“ 不可能”， can’t 表示推测[答案] A
2. could的用法：
(1).can的过去式，意为“ 能、 会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。
(2). could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。(注意回答)
3. may的用法：
(1).表示请求、许可，比can 正式，如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。
【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would
【解析】 在此处表示请求，意为“ 做……可以吗”。 答案：A
(2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能， 或许”，一般用于肯定句中。 如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.
(3) .may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may。 如：He is away from school. He might be sick.
他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。
(4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如：May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福! May you succeed!祝你成功!
4. must的用法：
(1).must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。 如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗?
(2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要 ” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如：You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。
(3)对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t 或 don’t have to .如：—Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗?—No, you needn’t.不，你不必。
(4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。
注意其反意问句的构成形式：
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’t she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
5. need的用法：
(1).need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。 用need 提问时，肯定回答为 must，否定回答为 needn’t或don’t have to。 如：—Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗?—Yes, you must .是的。—No. you needn’t /don’t have to. 不， 你不必。
(2).need 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。
如果是物作主语，一般用need doing 与 need to be done这种情况下应注意两点：
①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;
②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。
例如：The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。
Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了。
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