专四作文预测：如何解决人才流失的问题

时间：2022-04-12 13:09:17 专业四级八级我要投稿

专四作文预测范文：如何解决人才流失的问题

　　无论是身处学校还是步入社会，大家对作文都不陌生吧，通过作文可以把我们那些零零散散的思想，聚集在一块。怎么写作文才能避免踩雷呢？下面是小编整理的专四作文预测：如何解决人才流失的问题，希望对大家有所帮助。

专四作文预测范文：如何解决人才流失的问题

　　题目要求

　　How to solve the brain drain problem existing in universities in China has been a hot topic as our economy develops steadily. The following excerpt offers some opinions on this issue. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should:

　　1. summarize briefly the author’s opinion;

　　2. give your comment.

　　Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

　　Every country sends out students. What makes China different is that most of these bright minds have stayed away. Only a third have come back, according to the Ministry of Education; fewer by some counts. A study this year by a scholar at America’s Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education found that 85% of those who gained their doctorate in America in 2006 were still there in 2011.

　　To lure experts to Chinese universities, the government has launched a series of schemes since the mid-1990s. These have offered some combination of a one-off bonus of up to 1m yuan ($160 ,000), promotion, an assured salary and a housing allowance or even a free apartment. Some of the best universities have built homes for academics to rent or buy at a discount. All are promised top-notch facilities. Many campuses, which were once spartan, now have swanky buildings. The programmes have also targeted non-Chinese. A “foreign expert thousand-talent scheme”, launched in 2011, has enticed around 200 people. Spending on universities has shot up, too: six fold in 2001-2011. The results have been striking. In 2005-2012 published research articles from higher-education institutions rose by 54%; patents granted went up eightfold.

　　But most universities still have far to go. Only two Chinese institutions number in the top 100 in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Shanghai’s Jiao Tong University includes only 32 institutions from mainland China among the world’s 500 best. The government frets about the failure of a Chinese scholar ever to win a Nobel Prize in science.

　　Pulling some star scholars back from abroad will not be enough to turn China into an academic giant. Many of those who return do so on a part-time basis. According to David Zweig of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, nearly 75% of Chinese nationals who were lured by a “thousand-talent programme” launched in 2008 did not give up tenure elsewhere. Such schemes have often bought reputation rather than better research. They typically target full professors whose more productive, innovative years may already be behind them. (They also favour experts in science, technology and management.)

　　Chinese universities have great difficulty fostering talent at home. The premium on foreign experience in China has created perverse incentives, says Cao Cong of Nottingham University in Britain. It sends the message to today’s best and brightest that they should still spend their most productive years abroad. More than 300,000 students leave each year.

　　Today the signs are more encouraging. Some universities are changing the way they recruit and hence finding it easier to attract staff from abroad. At Peking University departments now hire and promote using international evaluation-methods. They advertise jobs and academics apply for promotion and are rewarded according to their achievements.

　　Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

　　审题思路

　　本题探讨的是中国大学应该如何解决人才流失的问题，属于社会生活类话题。要求简要概括所给材料中的观点，并发表自己的评论。在具体行文方面，考生可以开篇点题，简要概括材料中作者的观点。然后分析人才流失的原因并针对这一问题给出可行的解决途径。最后总结全文，重述论点或者升华主题。

　　高分范文

　　How to Solve the Brain Drain Problem

　　To solve the brain drain problem, especially those with an overseas academic experience, China has been taking many measures which range over one-off bonus, promotion, an assured salary and a housing allowance or even a free apartment to attract Chinese professors who work abroad and those foreign professors. This encouragement brings surprising results in boosting the overall academic achievements among universities. However, since Chinese universities notoriously rank low on World University Rankings, there is still a long way to go including adjusting executive measures to cater to these talents.

　　Fine porcelain, Chinese-landscape scrolls and calligraphy adorn the office of Shi Yigong. Little about his ornamentation hints at Mr. Shi’s 18 years’ professorship at Princeton University in America as his native country started to prosper. In 2008, at the age of 41, he returned to his homeland only to become one of the most famous Chinese scholars to do so.

　　Mr. Shi’s experience is an emblem of Chinese government’s attempts to match its academic achievements with its economic ones. To solve the brain drain problem, inviting offers have been made to attract the talented back to China. These baits range from a one-off bonus with a handsome sum to housing allowance and even a free but swanky apartment. However, in addition to these comfortable materials, more importantly, some bureaucratic processes should give way to the real freedom which aims at bringing the best out of professors’ productive academic achievements. After all, in today’s market where science and technology play a leading role, we need not adorn our universities with professors with high reputations but barren researches.

　　All in all, well-thumbed lexicon as the brain drain seems to be, effective measures must be taken to solve this problem. The real power of a nation roots deep in the elite think-tank where professors constitute the largest part. For the sake of our own development, let’s cherish these knowledge-ridden talents in the most effective way!

　　拓展阅读：专四作文满分经验及技巧心得

　　1、注重写好文章的框架

　　我曾经问过我的外教老师，外国人看文章最注重的是什么，他告诉我说是文章的framework.即一篇文章好不好，首先看的不是他的句型，词汇，或是论点等。而是段落之间的衔接一定要十分清楚，我们不能老是采用大三段的形式-开头，经过，结尾。我们可以多用用连接词，例如：first of all,moreover,secondly,lastly等，另外可以多分自然段，给考官一目了然的感觉。还有我们可以多看看国外的文章，看看他们的写作模式，我当初写文章的时候，用的就是我看到一篇国外文章的模式，我觉得可以套用，我最后介绍给大家。

　　2、句型的多样化

　　如果一篇文章，从头到尾，永远用的只有一种句型，那么这篇文章一定拿不到高分，我们可以适当的改换一下句型，我给大家一定建议，希望给大家有点帮助。

　　3、基本句型包括

　　Ⅰ．主谓句；Ⅱ.There be；Ⅲ.主系表结构的句子；Ⅳ.被动语态（我看到一张帖字说，不要用被动，我不这样认为，国外的文章，用被动的也比比皆是。

　　4、复杂句型

　　包括Ⅰ.并列句；Ⅱ.从句（定语，状语，名词性，非谓语）

　　5．词汇的Variety

　　说实话做到这点真的很难，首先你要有庞大的词汇量，第二你要用的恰当，不出错误。我自认做不到这点，所以我用的词汇有时候会重复。当然大家可以累计一些固定搭配的词汇，例如：激烈的竞争fierce competition等

　　6、多举EXAMPLE（重要）

　　大家不要小看这点，我认为对于写作基础不是很好的考生来说，这点是最重要的.。一篇文章如果让你从头到尾都在讲道理，你有这么多话要说吗？而且有时候还不一定说的清楚。那么这时候你就用例子来表明你的观点。我认识一个朋友，可以说她的英语基础很差，但她的文章也拿了6分，我问她怎么写的，她告诉我说就是拼命的举例子。就这点我也曾问过我的外教老师，他曾是IELTS的考官，他说考官欢迎考生多举例子。

　　7、建议：

　　1）写文章最关键的就是审题千万不要出错误，不然就前功尽弃了。

　　2）例如小编积累的句子：

　　Cultivate independence

　　Develop a strong sense of responsibility

　　Enhance social awareness

　　Build up one’s confidence and offer one’s a sense of achievement—realize ones value and capacity

　　Widen one’s horizon and sharp one’s character

　　这些句子比较常用，而且在口语考试中也可以派上用处。最后给大家介绍一种写作模式，小编也觉得很不错：

　　With unprecedented advances in medical technology, a debate has developed over whether or not a person on life support has the right to die. On one side of the debate are those who say that...... On the other side is the view that...... In my mind, I completely agree/disagree the later .

　　There is no denying that ......has many positive effects. To begin with,......Secondly, ...... Finally, ......

　　However, every coin has its two sides. ......is no exception. Many opponents say that ......

　　To conclude, .....

　　专四专八作文高分七点注意事项

　　在平时，总有很多同学写信来询问同样的一个问题：“我怎样才能够在短时间内提高我的专四写作水平？”答案其实是否定的。首先我们必须明确：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒；英语学习是一个长期积累的过程，短期的突击无异于舍本逐末、杯水车薪。然而，这并不意味着我们不能够通过掌握考试规律来调整我们的临考状态、提高我们的应考能力。以下，我想就如何利用应试规律、最大限度地发挥同学们的写作水平谈7点个人的看法。

　　1、心理

　　古人云，不战而屈人之兵，很大程度上取决于心理因素。随着考试改革的深入，会有更多，更新，更难的题目，包括作文题目出现，这样就要求我们有处惊不变的能力。即使是出现某种没有预料到的题型，考生也应该及时调整心态、从容不迫地应答。事实上，历史经验证明：题目要求越是高，难度越是大，考生的发挥余地也就越大。挑战和机遇是成正相关的。

　　2、评分

　　知己知彼，百战不怠。熟悉老师的评分习惯，对于考生正常、甚至是超常发挥自身水平也十分有益。正常情况下，阅卷老师要领会贯彻考试规定的评分原则，依照文章的结构和语言水平进行评分。然而，除此以外，有“两个基本点”我们也需要给予足够的重视――闪光点和语法点。在一篇出类拔萃的范文中，我们往往可以看到像提问法、谚语总结法、从句、并列句、理由段公式、理由词汇、路线句型、插入语、名词化、和被动语态等等闪光点；而在一篇低分例文中，基本的语言错误则多得数不胜数。

　　3、审题

　　磨刀不误砍柴工。在落笔前花两三分钟时间进行构思，既有利于理清行文思路、也避免了差之毫厘、失之千里的遗憾。尤其是在应对图表类作文时，我们更是要看清图表，牢牢把握各个数据的变化和相互关系，才能够下笔。否则张冠李戴，即使文章本身再不同凡响、语惊四座，也只会竹篮打水、甚至起到适得其反的效果。

　　4、卷面

　　对于像作文这样的主观题而言，考生与阅卷老师从来就犹如搏弈，无形中彼此互动、相互影响。一个考生可以做的，首先是通过卷面给阅卷老师下意识地传达个人信息。用笔的颜色（深蓝色使人心情放松愉快）、粗细（粗线条给人以安全感），整齐划一的格式（段首或一律顶格或一律空两格），明了的段落感（每段空一行），清晰的字数感（一行以十字为宜），工整的字迹都会给任何阅读者留下深刻的正面印象，从而使考生先发制人、取得先机。

　　5、结构

　　有始有终、首尾照应，是任何一篇好文章的基本标准之一，也是两大评分原则之一。如果说广大考生已经给第一段以足够重视的话，那么是不是大多数考生都意识到了理由段的条理和最后一段的呼应在全文中所具有的不可忽视的地位了呢？其实，要写好理由段，我们只需要注意表示启承转合的衔接词即可。而要写好结尾，最好的方法莫过于温故而知新，回顾第一段的大致内容了。

　　6、表达

　　言之无文，行而不远。语言作为评分原则中的基本要素之一，在专四作文评分的整个过程中具有决定性作用。有评分老师甚至断言：“It is not what you say，it is the way that you say it.”（重要的并不在于考生写了些什么，而在于考生是怎么表达的。）虽然这种说法本身似乎有失偏颇，可是参加过国际标准化英语考试的同学应该也听说过那么一句话，叫做：“Give the monkey exactly what he wants.”（给阅卷老师最想要的。），不是吗？譬如同样是描述数据，一些同学拘泥于图表本身，动辄按部就班地引用图表上现成的数字和年代，其实这都是图表作文的忌讳。聪明的同学引而不用，他们常喜欢用倍数、分数、小数、百分比、或者一些动词（double / triple / quadruple）来表现极端数据，动态数据以及他们的相异之处。

　　7、检查

　　行百里者半九十。一篇成功的作文少不了反复推敲、一再修改。然而，由于考试时间和条件等诸多因素的限制，考生绝对需要慎重对待作文的检查和修改。这里，我不得不提考生检查作文时的三大“通病”，即，数字数、孤芳自赏、和做结构与内容上的修改。我们必须明确：考试作文的润色和修改只需要达到三个目的即可：1.拼写正确，看文章中是否有汉字、多余符号、糊乱涂改、划线、和错别字；2.搭配正确；和3.语法正确，特别是人称、时态、和单复数的三“一致”。

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