同等学力申硕英语阅读理解习题与答案

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同等学力申硕英语阅读理解习题与答案

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同等学力申硕英语阅读理解习题与答案

　　篇一：

　　Astronaut Jim Voss has enjoyed many memorable moments in his career，including three space flights and one space walk. But he recalls with special fondness a decidedly earthbound (为地球所吸引)experience in the summer of 1980，when he participated in the NASA-ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. Voss then a science teacher at West Point，was assigned to the Marshall Space Flight Center’s propulsion(推进)lab in Alabama to analyze why a hydraulic fuel pump on the space shuttle was working so well when previous seals had failed. It was a seemingly tiny problem among the vast complexities of running the space program. Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seal could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on them.

　　“I worked a bit with NASA engineers，”says Voss，“but I did it mostly by analysis. I used a handheld calculator，not a computer，to do a thermodynamic(热力学的)analysis.”At the end of the summer，he，like the other NASA-ASEE fellows working at Marshall，summarized his f’indings in a formal presentation and detailed paper. It was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA，deepened his desire to fly in space，and intensified his application for astronaut status.

　　It was not an easy process. Voss was actually passed over when he first applied for the astronaut program in 1978. Over the next nine years he reapplied repeatedly，and was finally accepted in 1987. Since then he has participated in three space mission. The 50-year-old Army officer，who fives in Huston，is now in training for a four-month mission as a crew member on the International Space Station starting in July 2000.

　　Voss says the ASEE program is wonderful for all involved.“It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period of time. It brings some fresh eyes and fresh ideas to NASA，and establishes a link with our colleges and universities，”Voss explains，“There’s an exchange of information and an exchange of perspectives that is very important.”

　　For the academic side，Voss says，the ASEE program also“brings institutions of higher learning more insight into new technology. We give them an opportunity to work on real-world problems and take it back to the classroom.”

　　1.Why was the hydraulic fuel pump seal important for the space shuttle?

　　A. Because previous seals all failed.

　　B. Because it was very complex in running the space program.

　　C. Because great care has to be taken of the hydraulic fuel pump sealing.

　　D. Because any crack in the seals would cause disastrous results for the astronauts.

　　2.The great significance of Voss’s findings lies in .

　　Ⅰ. strengthening his determination to join in space flights

　　Ⅱ. furthering his understanding of NASA

　　Ⅲ. consolidating his astronaut status in NASA programs

　　A. Ⅰ only. B. Ⅱ only.

　　C. Ⅰ，Ⅱ and Ⅲ all included.D. Ⅰ and Ⅱ only.

　　3.How many flights will Voss have finished if his Four-month mission starting in July 2000 ends up successfully?

　　A. Three.B. Two.C. Four.D. Five.

　　4.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to what Voss said on the ASEE program?

　　A. Fresh members from the academic world participate in the program.

　　B. The program brings new outlooks to NASA space programs.

　　C. It is important for the space scientists to exchange information and perspectives.

　　D. American colleges and universities are a special property of NASA.

　　5.What does Voss want to stress in the last paragraph?

　　A. The technological significance of the program.

　　B. The educational significance of the program.

　　C. The philosophical significance of the program.

　　D. The historical significance of the program.

　　【答案解析】：

　　宇航员吉姆·沃斯的太空事业中有很多难忘的时刻，包括三次太空飞行和一次太空行走。但是，在他记忆中，让他尤其高兴的是1980年夏天的那次被地球引力所吸引的经历。那时他参加了NASA-ASEE组织的夏季技能协作项目。沃斯那时是西点军校的一名科学教师，他被分配到位于阿拉巴马州的马歇尔太空飞行中心的推进器实验室，去分析为什么当之前的密封垫无法正常工作时，航天飞机上的液压燃料的密封垫却工作得如此顺利。看上去，这对于运转一项庞大而复杂的太空计划工作是个很小的问题。但是，对于美国航空与宇航局来说却十分重要，因为密封垫上的任何裂缝都可能给依赖它们的宇航员带来灾难性的后果。

　　“我与NASA的工程师们有过一些合作，”沃斯说，“但是，我主要通过分析工作。我使用手提计算器而不是电脑进行热力学分析。”那个夏末，他同一起在马歇尔工作的其他NASA-ASEE的同事们，以正式的报告和详细的论文总结了他的发现。对于沃斯来说，这是一个很有意义的时刻，因为ASEE计划使他对NASA有了更多的了解，加深了他想到太空飞行的愿望，让他更想申请当一名宇航员。

　　这不是个简单的过程。1978年当沃斯第一次申请参加宇航计划时，他的申请表被置之不理。接下来的九年里，他反复申请，到1987年时终于被接受了。从那时起，他已经参与了三次太空任务。这位50岁的官员居住在休斯敦，现在正在接受训练，他将作为国际空间站的一名成员执行一个开始时间为2000年7月，为期四个月的任务。

　　沃斯说，ASEE计划对于所有参与的人来说都是非常棒的。“在一个特定的时期，该计划引进了学术界的人士，这给NASA带来了一笔特殊的财富。它给NASA带来了一些新观念和新思想，使得NASA与大专院校建立了联系，”沃斯解释说，“这使他们之间可以进行重要的信息和观点的交流。”

　　沃斯说，对于学术界来说，ASEE计划也使高等学府对新技术有了更多的了解，我们为他们提供了解决现实问题的机会，并将这个机会带回到课堂。

　　1.【正确答案】D

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】液压燃料的密封垫对于太空飞船非常重要是因为什么?

　　A. 早期的密封全都失效了。

　　B. 因为运行太空项目是非常复杂的。

　　C. 因为人们对于液压燃料的密封垫非常关注。

　　D. 因为任何液压燃料的密封垫的破坏都会给宇航员带来致命的灾难。

　　线索：文章的第1段提到“Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seal could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on them.”表明答案D为正确选项。选项A和B在原文的第1段都提到了，但和题干没有直接的因果关系，属于所问非所答。而选项D在原文中也是没有提到的。

　　【考点提示】解答任何问题都必须能够找到原文的线索词，可以从两个方面入手：①从文章的结构入手，在读文章的时候就关注一些关键词，如yet，but，however等相关的词;②从问题的题干入手，抓住关键词返回原文寻找关键的信息线索。

　　2.【正确答案】D

　　【考点类型】段落综合判断

　　【解析过程】沃斯发现的重要意义在于。

　　Ⅰ. 加强了他决心参加到太空的航行

　　Ⅱ. 加强他对于NASA的理解

　　Ⅲ. 稳固了他在NASA项目中宇航员的地位

　　A. 仅仅Ⅰ正确B. 仅仅Ⅱ正确

　　C.Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ全都正确D.Ⅰ，Ⅱ全都正确

　　线索：文章的第2段提到“It was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA，deepened his desire to fly in space，and intensified his application for astronaut status.“表明选项D是正确答案。选项Ⅲ和原文中的信息“让他更想申请当名宇航员”不符合。

　　【考点提示】解答细节题必须拿选项和原文的信息进行对照，基本上出题老师都是对原文的信息进行改写，同义词替换或句型替换，所以建议同学们在翻译部分要加强学习句子结构之间相互转换的能力，比如：被动句和主动句的转换，双重否定句到肯定句的转换等。

　　3.【正确答案】C

　　【考点类型】数字计算

　　【解析过程】如果沃斯2000年7月开始的为期4个月任务最终取得成功，他就将已经完成多少次的飞行任务?

　　A. 3次B. 2次C. 4次D. 5次

　　线索：文章的第3段提到“Since then he has participated in three space mission.”和2000年7月的任务相加得出正确答案C。

　　【考点提示】数字计算题相对来讲是比较容易的一种题型，要求同学们在理解原文具体细节的基础之上进行简单的运算，一般是加减法运算。错误选项的设计往往是把原文有的数字直接提出来，迷惑大家。

　　4.【正确答案】D

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】根据沃斯在ASEE项目中说的，下面哪句话是错误的?

　　A. 来自于学术领域的新成员参加该项目。

　　B. 项目将给NASA太空项目带来新的前景。

　　C. 交流信息的观点对于太空科学家非常重要。

　　D. 美国学院和大学是NASA的一个特殊财产。

　　线索：文章的第4段提到“It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period of time.”表明仅仅是在一段时间内，该项目给NASA提供了一个特殊的财产(美国学术界)，所以选项D是对原文信息的扩大化，或者把原文的信息绝对化了。

　　【考点提示】根据题目的顺序和原文的段落对应，然后再进行对照，选择出正确答案。还是上边提到的，出题的老师就是利用同义词替换等一些方法迷惑同学们，这其实是阅读的一个基本功。另外，有的选项比较绝对化而且不符合常识，那么该选项就不会是正确答案。

　　5.【正确答案】B

　　【考点类型】主旨推论

　　【解析过程】沃斯在最后一段强调的是什么?

　　A. 项目的技术重要性。 B. 项目的教育重要性。

　　C. 项目的哲学意义上的重要作用。D. 项目的历史意义。

　　线索：文章的第5段提到“brings institutions of higher learning more insight into new technology. We give them an opportunity to work on real-world problems and take it back to the classroom.”表明选项B是正确答案。其他几个选项是原文没有提到的。D选项比较具有迷惑性，从常识讲“历史意义”可能是对的，但文章没有提到，所以是不正确的。

　　【考点提示】紧扣原文的信息对比、审查、判断，才能最终保证得出正确的答案。而且，要注意看似正确的选项，原文没有提到是一定不可以选择的，正确答案必须有它的出处。

　　篇二：

　　Visual impairment(视觉障碍)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited，self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited. The visually impaired person is less able to anticipate hazardous situations or obstacles to avoid.

　　Orientation refers to the mental map one has of one’s surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment. The mental map is best generated by moving through the environment and piecing together relationships，object by object，in an organized approach. With little or no visual feedback to reinforce this mental map，a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. Landmarks and clues enable visually impaired persons to affirm their position in Space.

　　Mobility，on the other hand，is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one’s physical and social environment. Good orientation skills are necessary to good mobility skills. Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians(行人)they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as independent as possible.

　　To meet the expanding needs and demands of the visually impaired person，there is a sequence of instruction that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high school. Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment. During the early years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental concepts，such as inside or outside，in front of or behind，fast or slow，movement of traffic，the variety or intersections，elevators or escalators，and so forth. These concepts are essential to safe，efficient travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings，first within buildings，then in residential neighborhoods，and finally in business communities.

　　1.How can we increase the visually impaired person’s ability to travel through his physical and social environment?

　　A. By helping him develop adequate orientation and mobility skills.

　　B. By teaching him to learn observational skills.

　　C. By warning him of hazardous situations or obstacles.

　　D. By improving his visual ability.

　　2.The visually impaired person’s position in space .

　　A. is not determined by memory but by physical landmarks and clues

　　B. is located in relation to other items in his mental map

　　C. enables him to construct the mental map

　　D. reinforces the mental map of his surroundings

　　3.Mobility skills which the visually impaired person is learning refer to the ability .

　　A. to travel as a dependent tourist

　　B. to travel as a pedestrian and a passenger

　　C. to travel as a pedestrian with a company

　　D. to travel within the safe physical and social environment

　　4.In the passage，the author insists that .

　　A. visually impaired children go to school for survival

　　B. the needs and demands of visually impaired children expand

　　C. visually impaired children acquire the fundamental concepts for safe mobility

　　D. preschool children receive the instruction in the concepts of time and space or objects and events

　　5.What is the author mainly talking about in the passage?

　　A. Visual impairment and memory.

　　B. The visually impaired person’s physical and social environment.

　　C. Mental development of the visually impaired person.

　　D. Orientation and mobility of the visually impaired person.

　　【答案解析】：

　　有视觉障碍的人如果没有掌握足够的定位和移动技能，他们在自然和社会环境中的行走能力会减弱或受到限制。因为在临近的环境中的自控能力受到限制，观察能力就更加受到限制，有视觉障碍的人不能预见应该避免的危险情况或障碍。

　　定位指的是一个人根据自己周围的环境以及他自身与这一环境的关系在大脑中形成的一张脑部图。通过在环境中移动，将环境中各个物体之间的关系一个一个地联系起来，就能够最好地形成这种脑部地图。很少或根本没有视觉反馈来加强这种脑部地图的话，有视觉障碍的人就必须依靠对关键性地标的记忆和其他线索。地标和线索使有视觉障碍的人能够确定他的位置和空间。

　　另外，移动指的是一个人在自然和社会环境中安全、有效地从一点向另一点行走的能力。良好的定位技能对良好的移动技能是必要的。一旦有视觉障碍的学生学会像行人一样安全行走，他还需要学会使用公共交通工具，以便尽可能地独立。

　　为了满足有视觉障碍者不断增长的需求，人们制订了一系列的培训计划，这种培训开始于学前阶段并持续到中学毕业。许多有视觉障碍的儿童对其环境中的空间或物体以及事件缺少适当的概念。在早期阶段，培训的重点应该放在一些基本概念的学习上，比如里或外、前或后、交通工具运行得快或慢、线路变化或交叉路口、电梯或自动扶梯等。这些概念对安全、有效地穿行于熟悉或不熟悉的环境至关重要，首先是有关建筑物内的概念，然后是有关其住宅区附近的概念，最后是有关商业区的概念。

　　1.【正确答案】A

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】我们如何能帮助那些有视觉障碍的人提高他们在周围的环境中的能力?

　　A. 帮助他们发展充分的定位和移动的技能。

　　B. 教给他们学习观察的技能。

　　C. 警告他们危险的环境和障碍。

　　D. 提高他们的视觉能力。

　　线索：文章的第1段提到“Visual impairment(视觉障碍)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established.”表明A是正确答案。选项B和选项C是问题产生的原因，而不是解决该问题的办法。

　　2.【正确答案】B

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】有视觉障碍的人在空间的位置。

　　A. 不是被记忆力而是被身体特征和线索所决定

　　B. 通过他脑部图中的其他事物关系定位

　　C. 使他能够形成脑部图

　　D. 强化他有关周围环境的脑部图

　　线索：文章的第2段提到“Orientation refers to the mental map one has of one’s surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment. The mental map is best generated by moving.”表明选项B是正确答案。选项A和原文的第2段“...a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. Landmarks and clues...”相反。

　　3.【正确答案】D

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】有视觉障碍的人学习的移动技能指的是。

　　A. 作为一个独立旅行家旅行的技能

　　B. 作为一个行人和乘客行走的能力

　　C. 作为一个带同伴的行人行走的能力

　　D. 在安全的自然和社会环境下行走的能力

　　线索：文章的第3段提到“Mobility，on the other hand，is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one’s physical and social environment.”表明选项D是正确答案。

　　4.【正确答案】D

　　【考点类型】细节判断

　　【解析过程】本文作者强调。

　　A. 有视觉障碍的孩子为了生存应该上学

　　B. 视觉上的需求损害了儿童的发展

　　C. 有视觉障碍的人获得基本的安全移动的概念

　　D. 学龄前的儿童应该得到有关时间、空间或事物等概念的培训

　　线索：文章的第4段提到“...These concepts are essential to safe，efficient travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings...”表明选项D是正确答案。

　　5.【正确答案】D

　　【考点类型】主旨判断

　　【解析过程】本文作者主要谈论的是。

　　A. 视觉障碍和记忆力