大学英语四级语法

时间：2025-06-25 10:11:45 赛赛大学英语我要投稿

大学英语四级常用语法大全

　　大学英语四级考试(CET-4)是中国大学生英语水平的重要测试，其中语法部分虽然不会单独成题，但却贯穿于整个考试之中。以下是小编整理的大学英语四级常用语法大全，欢迎阅读。

大学英语四级常用语法大全

　　大学英语四级语法 1

　　too…to 结构通常表示否定意义:

　　She was too young to understand all that.

　　enough…to结构则表示肯定意义:

　　She was not old enough to understand all that.

　　not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义:

　　Hes only too pleased to help her.

　　so…as (to)这种结构也可用不定式作状语:

　　Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.

　　如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的, 可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语:

　　It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.

　　It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.

　　在以某些形容词(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise,clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时, 不定式前可加一个of引起的短语, 来说明不定式指的是谁的情况:

　　Its kind of you to think so much of us.

　　(It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us.

　　Its very nice of you to be so considerate.

　　Its unwise of them to turn down the proposal.

　　V+ing形式(现在分词及动名词)

　　形式

　　完成式: 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生, 通常用动名词的完成形式.

　　He didnt mention having met me.

　　I regret not having taken her advice.

　　在某些动词后(或成语中), 常用(或可以用)动名词的一般形式, 尽管动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的

　　Excuse me for coming late.

　　I dont remember ever seeing him anywhere.

　　现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中, 表示这动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.

　　Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.

　　Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.

　　另外, 独立结构也可用现在分词的完成形式.

　　The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.

　　The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.

　　被动式: 当一个动名词逻辑上的'主语所表示的是这动作的对象时, 动名词一般要用被动形式.

　　His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.

　　He couldnt bear being made fun of like that.

　　但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等动词后, 尽管表示的是被动的意思, 却用动名词的主动形式.

　　My pen needs filling.

　　The point deserves mentioning.

　　This problem requires studying with great care.

　　在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样.

　　Her method is worth trying.

　　2016年大学英语四级语法指导(4)

　　1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

　　watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;

　　感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do

　　be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

　　give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);

　　give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。

　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

　　keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

　　keep me informed 使我被告知。

　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A after which B for which C with which D at which

　　fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

　　I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

　　5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

　　in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。

　　6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

　　A all in all B above all C after all D over all

　　all in all 总而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 毕竟，终究;overall 全面的，总体的

　　in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。

　　7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.

　　A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

　　now that 既然，由于(相当于since); ever since 自从…以来。

　　与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：

　　now that 既然，由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。

　　except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。

　　8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

　　A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

　　be attached to 连接，附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。

　　responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

　　be contrary to 与。相反(相违背)。

　　9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

　　A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

　　regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。

　　10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

　　A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

　　out of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。

　　大学英语四级语法 2

　　(1) 改变时态

　　The bell is ringing now. (一般)

　　There goes the bell! (高级)

　　(2) 改变语态

　　People suggests that the meeting be put off. (一般)

　　It is suggested that the meeting be put off. (高级)

　　(3 )使用过去分词

　　Lisa walked out of the room and many guys followed her. (一般)

　　Followed by many guys, Lisa walked out of the lab. (高级)

　　(4) 使用v-ing 形式

　　When she arrives, please give me a call. (一般)

　　On her arriving, please give me a call. (高级)

　　(5) 使用不定式

　　He is so kind that he can do me a favor. (一般)

　　He is so kind as to do me a favor. (高级)

　　(6) 使用虚拟语气

　　The patient didn’t die because there were the efforts of the doctor. (一般)

　　But for the efforts of the doctor, the patient would have died. (高级)

　　(7) 使用强调句型

　　I was born in 1987. (一般)

　　It was in 1987 that I was born. (高级)

　　(8) 使用倒装

　　Though I’m sick, I’ll carry on. (一般)

　　Sick as I am, I’ll carry on. (高级)

　　(9) 使用并列句

　　If you go through the gate, you’ll find me. (一般)

　　Go through the gate, and you’ll find me. (高级)

　　(10) 使用名词性从句

　　She happened to have met him. (一般)

　　It happened that she had met him. (高级)

　　(11) 使用定语从句

　　The girl is spoken highly of. Her homework was well done. (一般)

　　The girl whose homework was well done is spoken highly of. (高级)

　　(12) 使用状语从句

　　I won’t believe what he says. (一般)

　　No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高级)

　　大学英语四级语法 3

　　I 定语从句

　　1.先行词为all， anything， something， nothing， everything， much， little， none等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。在大多数情况下that可以省略.

　　Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.

　　That’s all (that) we can do at the moment.

　　2.as引出的限制性定语从句

　　在such … as的结构中as可作关系代词，引出限制性定语从句。有时和same连用，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。

　　Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.

　　I’ve never seen such a talented young man as he is.

　　I have the same trouble as you (have)。

　　3.as引出的非限制性定语从句

　　as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，通常译为“(正)如…一样”，“(正)象…一样”等。as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面.

　　I live a long way from work， as you know.

　　She did not， as her friend had feared， break down.

　　As is generally accepted， economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

　　4.分隔式定语从句

　　定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开，从而构成分隔式定语从句。

　　The days are gone when power politics worked.

　　A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you French.

　　5.介词+关系代词(which/whom等)引出的定语从句

　　如果关系代词(which/whom等)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成“介词+关系代词(which/whom等)+定语从句”。在这种结构中关系代词不可以用that。

　　This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.

　　The four travelers with whom I shared the room were pleasant people.

　　6.关系代词在限制性定语从句中常可以省略，一般有以下几种情况：

　　1) 关系代词在从句中作直接宾语时，在大多数情况下可以省略。

　　This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.

　　The man (whom) you just met is our manager.

　　关系代词作介词宾语时，介词位于句尾时关系代词可以省略;介词位于关系代词之前时则关系代词不能省略。

　　This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.

　　This is the room in which Churchill was born.(which不可省略)

　　2) 关系代词作主语时一般不能省略，但如果关系代词在由there … be存在句构成的定语从句中作主语时常可省略。

　　This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.

　　The old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research.

　　3) 在way后面的定语从句中in which或that通常省略。

　　That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.

　　I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.

　　7.非限制性定语从句

　　非限制性定语从句修饰先行词或整个主句，起补充说明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句隔开，其引导词不能用that。非限制性定语从句属于正式语体。经常考到的非限制性定语从句有以下三种。

　　1)由which、as引导的非限制性定语从句。which、as代表整个主句。

　　He said that he had never seen her before， which was not true.

　　China is still a developing country， which is known to all of us.

　　2)由 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。

　　He sent her a letter， in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.

　　He failed to pass the exam， because of which his parents scolded him.

　　4) 由 “数词、代词或名词+of +关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。

　　He had three sons， one of whom was my son’s classmate.

　　There are about twenty students in this course， most of whom are freshmen.

　　They are two different words， the spellings of which are easily confused.

　　Ⅱ 状语从句

　　状语从句中以下四种从句考得较多，这里给予简单介绍。

　　1) 时间状语从句

　　时间状语从句主要由以下连词引导：when， whenever， as， while， since， until， till， before， after， as soon as， once， hardly (scarcely) … when， no sooner … than。

　　I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.

　　He didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework.

　　You have changed a lot since we met last time.

　　时间状语从句还可由某些可充当连词的名词(the moment， the instant， every time，等)和副词(instantly， directly等)引导：

　　I will tell you the news the instant I know.

　　Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.

　　Note：

　　①before除了可表示 “在…之前”外，还可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量相比较大，可译为“…才”。(“not … before” 可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的力量相比较小，可译为“…就”)。

　　It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

　　They had not been married a month before they quarreled.

　　②如果位于when引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或“was/were about to， was/were on the point of”等结构时，when表示突然发生某事，可译为“正在…突然”或“刚…就”等。这时，不能够用as或while来代替when。

　　I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.

　　She had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.

　　We were about to leave when it began to rain.

　　2) 条件状语从句

　　条件状语从句主要由以下连词引导：if， unless， providing/provided (that)， suppose/supposing (that)， on condition (that)， as/so long as， in case等。

　　So long as you work hard， you will surely achieve good results in examinations.

　　I shall return next Thursday unless something unexpected happens.

　　I will go provided that you go with me.

　　Please give this letter to John in case he comes.

　　3) 让步状语从句

　　让步状语从句主要由以下连词引导：though， although， even if， even though， whatever， however， whoever， wherever， no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介绍几种较特殊的让步状语从句。

　　(1)while引导的让步状语从句多放在句首，while相当于although，表示“尽管”，“虽然”。

　　While I admit I did it， I didn’t intend to.

　　While I understand what you say， I can’t agree with you.

　　(2)短语“even now/then/so”相当于“though it is/was true”，表示“尽管如此”，“尽管这样”。

　　The fire was out， but even so， the smell of smoke was strong.

　　I’ve tried my best， but even now/then she is not satisfied.

　　(3) as引导的.让步状语从句要倒装。

　　Child as he was， he could speak four languages.

　　Hard as she tried， she failed to get the job.

　　4) 比较状语从句

　　比较状语从句主要由以下连词引导：(not) as … as， (not) the same as， (not) such … as， not so … as， than， the + 比较级…， the +比较级…等。

　　We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.

　　She can speak English as fluently as her teacher (can)。

　　Ⅲ 宾语从句

　　1) 及物动词后的宾语从句

　　有些动词的宾语从句前还可有一个间接宾语。

　　I remember that we have learned this word before.

　　I don’t understand what you have said.

　　She asked the teacher how she could learn English well.

　　2) 介词的宾语从句

　　It depends on whether you want to do it or not

　　There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.

　　Note：在介词in后面跟that引导的宾语从句中，in that可看成是一个固定的搭配，表示“因为”或“在…方面”。

　　The evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means.

　　A turtle differs from all other reptiles in that it has its body encased in a protective shell of its own.

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