英语二级笔译试题

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英语二级笔译试题

　　英语笔译二级考试是人事部全国翻译资格证考试，二级证书的认可度很大，含金量高。下面是小编分享的英语笔译二级真题，希望能帮到大家!

英语二级笔译试题

　　英语二级笔译试题 1

　　1. 阅读第一篇选自《纽约时报》，原文标题为：Few Biologists but Many Evangelicals Sign Anti-Evolution Petition

　　节选部分内容如下：

　　In the recent skirmishes over evolution, advocates who have pushed to dilute its teaching have regularly pointed to a petition signed by 514 scientists and engineers.

　　The petition, they say, is proof that scientific doubt over evolution persists. But random interviews with 20 people who signed the petition and a review of the public statements of more than a dozen others suggest that many are evangelical Christians, whose doubts about evolution grew out of their religious beliefs. And even the petitions sponsor, the Discovery Institute in Seattle, says that only a quarter of the signers are biologists, whose field is most directly concerned with evolution. The other signers include 76 chemists, 75 engineers, 63 physicists and 24 professors of medicine.

　　The petition was started in 2001 by the institute, which champions intelligent design as an alternative theory to evolution and supports a "teach the controversy" approach, like the one scuttled by the state Board of Education in Ohio last week.

　　Institute officials said that 41 people added their names to the petition after a federal judge ruled in December against the Dover, Pa., school districts attempt to present intelligent design as an alternative to evolution.

　　"Early on, the critics said there was nobody who disbelieved Darwins theory except for rubes in the woods," said Bruce Chapman, president of the institute. "How many does it take to be a noticeable minority — 10, 50, 100, 500?"

　　Mr. Chapman said the petition showed "there is a minority of scientists who disagree with Darwins theory, and it is not just a handful."

　　The petition makes no mention of intelligent design, the proposition that life is so complex that it is best explained as the design of an intelligent being. Rather, it states: "We are skeptical of claims for the ability of random mutation and natural selection to account for the complexity of life. Careful examination of the evidence for Darwinian theory should be encouraged."

　　A Web site with the full list of those who signed the petition was made available yesterday by the institute at . The signers all claim doctorates in science or engineering. The list includes a few nationally prominent scientists like James M. Tour, a professor of chemistry at Rice University; Rosalind W. Picard, director of the affective computing research group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and Philip S. Skell, an emeritus professor of chemistry at Penn State who is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

　　It also includes many with more modest positions, like Thomas H. Marshall, director of public works in Delaware, Ohio, who has a doctorate in environmental ecology. The Discovery Institute says 128 signers hold degrees in the biological sciences and 26 in biochemistry. That leaves more than 350 nonbiologists, including Dr. Tour, Dr. Picard and Dr. Skell.Of the 128 biologists who signed, few conduct research that would directly address the question of what shaped the history of life.

　　Of the signers who are evangelical Christians, most defend their doubts on scientific grounds but also say that evolution runs against their religious beliefs.

　　Several said that their doubts began when they increased their involvement with Christian churches.

　　Some said they read the Bible literally and doubt not only evolution but also findings of geology and cosmology that show the universe and the earth to be billions of years old.

　　Scott R. Fulton, a professor of mathematics and computer science at Clarkson University in Potsdam, N.Y., who signed the petition, said that the argument for intelligent design was "very interesting and promising."

　　He said he thought his religious belief was "not particularly relevant" in how he judged intelligent design. "It probably influences in the sense in that it makes me very interested in the questions," he said. "When I see scientific evidence that points to God, I find that encouraging."

　　Roger J. Lien, a professor of poultry science at Auburn, said he received a copy of the petition from Christian friends.

　　"I stuck my name on it," he said. "Basically, it states what I believe."

　　Dr. Lien said that he grew up in California in a family that was not deeply religious and that he accepted evolution through much of his scientific career. He said he became a Christian about a decade ago, six years after he joined the Auburn faculty.

　　"The world is broken, and we humans and our science cant fix it," Dr. Lien said. "I was brought to Jesus Christ and God and creationism and believing in the Bible."

　　He also said he thought that evolution was "inconsistent with what the Bible says."

　　Another signer is Dr. Gregory J. Brewer, a professor of cell biology at the Southern Illinois University medical school. Like other skeptics, he readily accepts what he calls "microevolution," the ability of species to adapt to changing conditions in their environment. But he holds to the opinion that science has not convincingly shown that one species can evolve into another.

　　"I think theres a lot of problems with evolutionary dogma," said Dr. Brewer, who also does not accept the scientific consensus that the universe is billions of years old. "Scientifically, I think there are other possibilities, one of which would be intelligent design. Based on faith, I do believe in the creation account."

　　Dr. Tour, who developed the "nano-car" — a single molecule in the shape of a car, with four rolling wheels — said he remained open-minded about evolution.

　　"I respect that work," said Dr. Tour, who describes himself as a Messianic Jew, one who also believes in Christ as the Messiah.

　　But he said his experience in chemistry and nanotechnology had showed him how hard it was to maneuver atoms and molecules. He found it hard to believe, he said, that nature was able to produce the machinery of cells through random processes. The explanations offered by evolution, he said, are incomplete.

　　"I cant make the jumps, the leaps they make in the explanations," Dr. Tour said. "Will I or other scientists likely be able to makes those jumps in the future? Maybe."

　　Opposing petitions have sprung up. The National Center for Science Education, which has battled efforts to dilute the teaching of evolution, has sponsored a pro-evolution petition signed by 700 scientists named Steve, in honor of Stephen Jay Gould, the Harvard paleontologist who died in 2002.

　　The petition affirms that evolution is "a vital, well-supported, unifying principle of the biological sciences."

　　Mr. Chapman of that institute said the opposing petitions were beside the point. "We never claimed were in a fight for numbers," he said.

　　Discovery officials said that they did not ask the religious beliefs of the signers and that such beliefs were not relevant. John G. West, a senior fellow at Discovery, said it was "stunning hypocrisy" to ask signers about their religion "while treating the religious beliefs of the proponents of Darwin as irrelevant."

　　2. 阅读第三篇选自《纽约时报》，原文标题为：Richard Prince Lawsuit Focuses on Limits of Appropriation

　　节选部分内容如下：

　　In March a federal district court judge in Manhattan ruled that Mr. Prince — whose career was built on appropriating imagery created by others — broke the law by taking photographs from a book about Rastafarians and using them without permission to create the collages and a series of paintings based on them, which quickly sold for serious money even by today’s gilded art-world standards: almost $2.5 million for one of the works. (“Wow — yeah,” Mr. Prince said when a lawyer asked him under oath in the district court case if that figure was correct.)

　　The decision, by Judge Deborah A. Batts, set off alarm bells throughout Chelsea and in museums across America that show contemporary art. At the heart of the case, which Mr. Prince is now appealing, is the principle called fair use, a kind of door in the bulwark of copyright protections. It gives artists (or anyone for that matter) the ability to use someone else’s material for certain purposes, especially if the result transforms the thing used — or as Judge Pierre N. Leval described it in an influential 1990 law review article, if the new thing “adds value to the original” so that society as a whole is culturally enriched by it. In the most famous test of the principle, the Supreme Court in 1994 found a possibility of fair use by the group 2 Live Crew in its sampling of parts of Roy Orbison’s “Oh Pretty Woman” for the sake of one form of added value, parody.

　　In the Prince case the notoriously slippery standard for transformation was defined so narrowly that artists and museums warned it would leave the fair-use door barely open, threatening the robust tradition of appropriation that goes back at least to Picasso and underpins much of the art of the last half-century. Several museums, including the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan, rallied to the cause, filing papers supporting Mr. Prince and calling the decision a blow to “the strong public interest in the free flow of creative expression.” Scholars and lawyers on the other side of the debate hailed it instead as a welcome corrective in an art world too long in thrall to the Pictures Generation — artists like Mr. Prince who used appropriation beginning in the 1970s to burrow beneath the surface of media culture.

　　But if the case has had any effect so far, it has been to drag into the public arena a fundamental truth hovering somewhere just outside the legal debate: that today’s flow of creative expression, riding a tide of billions of instantly accessible digital images and clips, is rapidly becoming so free and recycling so reflexive that it is hard to imagine it being slowed, much less stanched, whatever happens in court. It is a phenomenon that makes Mr. Prince’s artful thefts — those collages in the law firm’s office — look almost Victorian by comparison, and makes the copyright battle and its attendant fears feel as if they are playing out in another era as well, perhaps not Victorian but certainly pre-Internet.

　　In many ways the art world is a latecomer to the kinds of copyright tensions that have already played out in fields like music and movies, where extensive systems of policing, permission and licensing have evolved. But art lawyers say that legal challenges are now coming at a faster pace, perhaps in part because the art market has become a much bigger business and because of the extent of the borrowing ethos.

　　an art world too long in thrall to the Pictures Generation — artists like Mr. Prince who used appropriation beginning in the 1970s to burrow beneath the surface of media culture.

　　英语二级笔译试题 2

　　Passage 1

　　原文标题为：Translation as Literary Ambassador

　　The runaway success of ’s “Millennium” trilogy suggests that when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at least willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction. But for work from other regions, in other genres, winning the interest of big publishing houses and readers in the United States remains a steep uphill struggle.

　　Among foreign cultural institutes and publishers, the traditional American aversion to literature in translation is known as “the 3 percent problem.” But now, hoping to increase their minuscule share of the American book market — about 3 percent — foreign governments and foundations, especially those on the margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the publishing fray in the United States.

　　Increasingly, that campaign is no longer limited to widely spoken languages like French and German. From Romania to Catalonia to Iceland, cultural institutes and agencies are subsidizing publication of books in English, underwriting the training of translators, encouraging their writers to tour in the United States, submitting to American marketing and promotional techniques they may have previously shunned and exploiting existing niches in the publishing industry.

　　“We have established this as a strategic objective, a long-term commitment to break through the American market,” said Corina Suteu, who leads the New York branch of the European Union National Institutes for Culture and directs the . “For nations in Europe, be they small or large, literature will always be one of the keys of their cultural existence, and we recognize that this is the only way we are going to be able to make that literature present in the United States.”

　　For instance, the Dalkey Archive Press, a small publishing house in Champaign, Ill., that for more than 25 years has specialized in translated works, this year began a Slovenian Literature Series, underwritten by official groups in Slovenia, once part of Yugoslavia. The series’s first book, “Necropolis,” by Boris Pahor, is a powerful World War II concentration-camp memoir that has been compared to the best of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and has been followed by Andrej Blatnik’s “You Do Understand,” a rather absurdist but still touching collection of sketches and parables about love and intimacy.

　　Dalkey has also begun or is about to begin similar series in Hebrew and Catalan, and with Switzerland and Mexico, the last of which will consist of four books yearly for six years. In each case a financing agency in the host country is subsidizing publication and participating in promotion and marketing in the United States, an effort that can easily require $10,000 or more a book.

　　Passage 2

　　原文标题为：Argentina Hopes for a Big Payoff in Its Shale Oil Field Discovery

　　Just east of Argentina’s Andean foothills, an field called the Vaca Muerta — “dead cow” in English — has finally come to life.

　　In May, the Argentine oil company YPF announced that it had found 150 million barrels of oil in the Patagonian field, and President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner rushed onto national television to praise the discovery as something that could give new impetus to the country’s long-stagnant economy.

　　“The importance of this discovery goes well beyond the volume,” said Sebastián Eskenazi, YPF’s chief executive, as he announced the find. “The important thing is it is something new: new energy, a new future, new expectations.”

　　Although there are significant hurdles, geologists say that the Vaca Muerta is a harbinger of a possible major expansion of global petroleum supplies over the next two decades as the industry uses advanced techniques to extract oil from shale and other tightly packed rocks.

　　Oil experts caution that geologists have only just begun to study shale fields in much of the world, and thus can only guess at their potential. Little seismic work has been completed, and core samples need to be retrieved from thousands of feet below the surface to judge how much oil or gas can be retrieved.

　　Skeptics also say that even if oil is found in many of these fields, some may not be recoverable using current technology.

　　Argentina certainly has high hopes for shale oil from the southern Patagonian province of Neuquén. The 150 million barrels of recoverable shale oil found in the Vaca Muerta represents an increase of 8 percent in Argentina’s reserves, and the find was the biggest discovery of oil in the country since the late 1980s.

　　Oil experts say the Vaca Muerta is probably just a start for Argentina, long a middle-ranked oil producer. Mr. Lynch noted that YPF had explored only 100 square miles out of 5,000 square miles in the whole shale deposit, and other oil companies working in the area had not announced any discoveries yet.

　　So far, nearly all of the oil exploration in the shale fields in Argentina and elsewhere has been pursued with traditional vertical wells. Plans are just beginning for horizontal drilling.

　　Some experts caution that the fast advance of oil production from shale in the United States is no guarantee of similar successes abroad, at least not in the near future.

　　汉译英

　　和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。

　　我们应该恪守联合国宪法和章程宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。

　　我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。

　　我们应该营造支持各国根据本国国情实现和平、稳定、繁荣的国际环境。应该本着求同存异的原则，尊重各国主权和选择发展道路和发展模式的权利，尊重文明多样性，在交流互鉴、取长补短中相得益彰、共同进步。

　　参考译文：

　　Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era. The World Bank statistics show that none of the countries persistently under violent conflict has achieved the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To maintain world peace and stability so that the people can live a happy and prosperous life is the primary responsibility for governments and leaders of all countries.

　　We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.

　　All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.

　　We should foster an international environment that supports efforts of countries to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in the light of their national circumstances. We should respect the sovereignty of all countries and their right to choose their development paths and models in keeping with the principle of seeking common ground while shelving differences. And we should respect the diversity of civilizations and pursue common progress through mutual learning and drawing on each others strength.

　　第二篇：

　　中国将逐步告别白炽灯时代

　　中国准备彻底淘汰有着130年使用历史的普通照明用白炽灯。11月1日国家发展改革委、商务部、海关总署、国家工商总局、国家质检总局联合印发《关于逐步禁止进口和销售普通照明白炽灯的公告》(以下简称《公告》)，决定从2012年10月1日起，按功率大小分阶段逐步禁止进口和销售普通照明白炽灯。

　　1882年中国第一盏电灯在上海点亮，这使得中国逐渐告别了油灯和蜡烛照明的历史(这句话为第二篇的第一句话)，当时使用的电灯就是白炽灯，这一用就是130年，中国也成为白炽灯的生产和消费大国，2010年中国白炽灯产量和销量分别为38.5亿只和10.7亿只。

　　目前中国准备将白炽灯淘汰，在全国普及节能灯。国家发改委资源节约和环境保护司副司长谢极介绍，淘汰白炽灯是为了节能减排。中国节能灯市场已经逐步形成，用节能灯替换白炽灯后中国将实现年节电480亿千瓦时、年减少二氧化碳排放4800万吨。

　　谢极说，今年是中国“十二五”规划开局之年，联合国气候变化德班会议开幕在即，中国发布逐步淘汰白炽灯的公告，再次表明政府深入开展绿色照明工程、大力推进节能减排、积极应对全球气候变化的坚强决心和采取的积极行动。

　　分五阶段进行

　　根据《公告》，中国逐步淘汰白炽灯分为五个阶段：2011年11月1日至2012年9月30日为过渡期;2012年10月1日起禁止进口和销售100瓦及以上普通照明白炽灯;2014年10月1日起禁止进口和销售60瓦及以上普通照明白炽灯;2015年10月1日至2016年9月30日为中期评估期;2016年10月1日起禁止进口和销售15瓦及以上普通照明白炽灯，或视中期评估结果进行调整。

　　谢极说，目前一些白炽灯生产企业已经着手转型工作，淘汰白炽灯的相关工作将稳步推进。发改委资料显示，2010年中国年产白炽灯1亿只以上的大型企业有10家，产量占全行业总产量的70%以上。

　　早在1996年，中国就启动实施了“绿色照明工程”，并与联合国开发计划署、全球环境基金开展了三期绿色照明国际合作项目。

　　《公告》说，中国绿色照明工程的实施，推动了照明电器行业结构的`优化升级和产品质量的整体提升，节能灯和白炽灯的产量比由1996年的1：34上升至2010年的1：1。中国节能灯生产企业不断扩大，2010年中国节能灯总产量约42.6亿只，约占全球总产量的80%，其中年产量5000万只以上规模企业约20家，占全行业总产量的82.2%。

　　谢极说，经过多年努力，中国节能灯产品质量水平日益提高，一些企业产品质量和工艺水平已达到世界领先水平。此外，半导体照明等新兴高效照明技术发展迅速。“高效照明产品及技术的日益成熟为逐步淘汰白炽灯提供了重要保障。”谢说。

　　国家电光源监督检验中心主任华树明介绍，合格的节能灯使用寿命在6000小时以上，是白炽灯的六倍。一只13瓦的节能灯光效相当于60瓦的白炽灯，使用6000小时电费比使用白炽灯要少128元。用节能灯替代白炽灯可节电60%至80%。

　　节能灯因节约电也得到了老百姓的认可。发改委的数据显示，中国节能灯的全球市场占有率由1996年的20%提高到2010年的85%。截止目前，全国已经累计推广节能灯5亿只以上。

　　“居民照明节电意识普遍增强，淘汰低效照明产品、选用高效照明产品已逐渐成为社会共识。”谢极说。

　　Goodbye Incandescents

　　China looks to energy-efficient bulbs as it gears up to heighten energy efficiency

　　After 130 years of using incandescent lamps, China is determined to abandon the energy-guzzling bulbs in favor of more energy-efficient ones.

　　On November 1, the Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and five other government departments jointly released a joint circular, vowing to gradually halt imports and sales of the traditional incandescent lamps.

　　Those lamps are widely used for both household and commercial lighting. Electricity is used to heat up the thin wire filament inside the bulb until it glows and produces light. Unfortunately, while incandescent bulbs are effective at illuminating even the darkest of spaces, they are not energy efficient. Much of the electricity is used to make heat, and light is only a by-product.

　　In 1882, China’s first incandescent lamp was used in Shanghai, providing a more reliable alternative to oil lamps and candles. In the past 130 years, China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of incandescent bulbs. In 2010, the country’s output of such bulbs stood at 3.85 billion, with sales hitting 1.07 billion yuan ($168.47 million).

　　As China embarks on a greener path of development, it is aiming to phase out these less efficient bulbs.

　　“This move is part of the government’s vigorous efforts to push forward energy conservation and emission reduction,” said Xie Ji, Deputy Director of Resource Conservation and Environment Protection under the NDRC.

　　The effort to replace incandescent lamps with energy-efficient ones nationwide will help save 48 billion kwh of electricity and reduce 48 million tons of carbon dioxide emission annually, said Xie.

　　“This year marks the beginning of the 12th Five-year Plan (2011-15), which is focused on economic rebalancing. Meanwhile, the United Nations Climate Change Conference is about to convene in Durban, South Africa,” said Xie. “Against this background, China is taking swift action to propel green lighting and implementing effective measures in response to climate change.”

　　Xie said some manufacturers of incandescent lamps in the country have been transforming their businesses and reducing production. NDRC data showed that in 2010 there were 10 enterprises nationwide with annual output of more than 100 million incandescent lamps, accounting for at least 70 percent of the industry’s total output of such lamps.

　　China has been firmly committed to improving energy efficiency. In 1996, the Chinese Government launched a green lighting program, promoting wider use of energy-efficient lamps with heavy subsidies. Moreover, the country has joined hands with the United Nations Development Program and Global Environmental Facility to initiate a project aimed at lifting the quality and competitiveness of China’s energy-efficient lighting products.

　　The circular said those projects have significantly helped China’s lighting industry move up the value chain and improve product quality. In 1996, China’s output of energy-efficient lamps was barely 3 percent of that of incandescent bulbs, but the ratio jumped to 1:1 in 2010. Last year, the country’s output of energy-efficient lamps amounted to 4.26 billion, accounting for 80 percent of the world’s total. There were around 20 manufacturers with annual output surpassing 50 million, making up 82.2 percent of the industry’s overall output.

　　“Meanwhile, techniques of Chinese manufacturers have advanced to the world-leading level,” added Xie. “In addition, semi-conductor lighting technologies are also maturing quickly.”

　　Hua Shuming, Director of the National Lighting Test Center, said the service life of a qualified energy-efficient lamp is more than 6,000 hours, six times that of an incandescent bulb.

　　A 13-watt energy-efficient lamp can produce illumination comparable to that of a 60-watt incandescent lamp, and it is able to reduce electricity consumption by 60-80 percent.

　　Energy-efficient lighting products are being recognized by global consumers. Data from the NDRC showed that Chinese energy-efficient lamps controlled 85 percent of global markets, up from only 20 percent in 1996.

　　LED in full swing

　　China is sparing no effort to propel wider use of energy-efficient lamps, especially light-emitting diode (LED) lighting products. LEDs present many advantages over incandescent lights including lower energy consumption, longer lifetimes, smaller size and faster switching.

　　“But LEDs are less competitive due to higher prices, so it will still take some time before they are fully accepted by consumers,” said Xie.

　　He added that the NDRC and the Ministry of Finance (MOF) are mulling subsidies to accelerate the promotion of LEDs.

　　China’s LED industry is already taking shape. In October 2009, the NDRC announced a series of measures to support the emerging sector, including government purchases and favorable import tariffs. Many local governments also followed suit, handing out generous policy incentives. The past two years have witnessed the start of nearly 100 large LED projects across the nation, with total investments exceeding 30 billion yuan ($4.72 billion).

　　Xie expected the output value of China’s LED industry to double in the next five years. The sector is an important part of the energy conservation and environment protection industry, one of the seven major strategic emerging industries supported by the government.

　　Looming concerns

　　A recent research report from the Guoyuan Securities Co. Ltd. said China’s LED industry is getting into full swing, and LEDs are widely used in cell phones and liquid crystal television. But they are yet to be widely accepted as a general lighting source, it said.

　　“The biggest problem is high costs—its manufacturing cost is 50-60 times that of incandescent lamps,” said the report.

　　“Without government subsidies, it would be difficult to promote LEDs as general lighting, but elimination of incandescent lamps has provided a powerful catalyst for the promotion of LEDs,” it added.

　　In 2008, the NDRC and MOF launched a lighting program and distributed more than 400 million energy-efficient lamps to consumers. But the program encountered many problems, hindering further promotion of those lamps.

　　Energy-efficient lamps contain mercury, a neurotoxin that can pose a serious threat to environmental health. The amount is tiny—China, as well as the European Union, allows each fluorescent lamp to contain no more than 5 milligrams of mercury—but that is enough to cause acute environmental damage and has sparked worries over the disposal of those lamps.

　　Fluorescent lamps use electricity to stimulate mercury vapor. The mercury atoms produce short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor to fluoresce, producing visible light.

　　Some people suggested manufacturers recycle the lamps, but that was less feasible given the high costs.

　　“Indeed, it is difficult to establish a nationwide recycling system in such a big country,” said Xie. “What we are doing is further improving technologies to decrease the mercury content of such lamps.”

　　Moreover, the high prices of energy-efficient lamps are also impeding the consumer acceptance.

　　In China, an LED lamp costs nearly 100 yuan ($15.75), compared with less than 10 yuan ($1.57) for an incandescent bulb. That is also why most Chinese LED manufacturers have focused on exports, instead of the home market.

　　Chinese LED firms still have a long way to go to sharpen their competitive edge. Chinese companies are good at assembly production, but one cause for concern is a lack of core chip technologies. U.S. and Japanese companies have dominated chip technologies, leaving Chinese firms in a weak position to compete.

　　Worse still, domestically made LED lamps suffer from the problem of a short battery life. As a result, it would be critical for domestic enterprises to strengthen efficiency and extend the service life of batteries so as to make their LED products more market competitive.

　　英语二级笔译试题 3

　　第一部分笔译综合能力（120 分钟，满分 100 分）

　　一、词汇和语法（共 60 题，每题 1 分，满分 60 分）

　　The governments new policy aims to alleviate the economic burden on low-income families.（）

　　A. intensify B. relieve C. transfer D. maintain

　　The archaeologist spent years studying the ancient relics found in the desert.（）

　　A. primitive B. modern C. fragile D. valuable

　　It is imperative that we take immediate action to address climate change.（）

　　A. optional B. urgent C. arbitrary D. trivial

　　The companys success is largely due to its innovative product design.（）

　　A. traditional B. creative C. complicated D. expensive

　　The scientists theory was initially met with skepticism but later proved correct.（）

　　A. approval B. curiosity C. doubt D. enthusiasm

　　The novel vividly depicts the turbulent period of social reform in the 19th century.（）

　　A. stable B. chaotic C. prosperous D. peaceful

　　The artists work reflects a profound understanding of human nature.（）

　　A. superficial B. deep C. vague D. narrow

　　The team had to revise their plan after encountering unexpected obstacles.（）

　　A. abandon B. implement C. modify D. uphold

　　The patients condition showed gradual improvement after the new treatment.（）

　　A. rapid B. steady C. sudden D. slight

　　The lecture provided insightful analysis of global trade patterns.（）

　　A. confusing B. profound C. basic D. irrelevant

　　The company was accused of violating environmental protection regulations.（）

　　A. observing B. breaking C. drafting D. revising

　　The old building has been restored to its original appearance.（）

　　A. demolished B. renovated C. decorated D. expanded

　　The report highlights the importance of education in reducing poverty.（）

　　A. emphasizes B. ignores C. questions D. downplays

　　The athletes stunning performance won her the gold medal.（）

　　A. disappointing B. impressive C. ordinary D. controversial

　　The new technology has facilitated communication between remote areas.（）

　　A. hindered B. simplified C. prevented D. complicated

　　The politicians speech was criticized for being ambiguous on key issues.（）

　　A. clear B. vague C. concise D. detailed

　　The organization provides assistance to refugees fleeing war zones.（）

　　A. support B. opposition C. indifference D. criticism

　　The study found a correlation between diet and heart disease.（）

　　A. connection B. difference C. similarity D. conflict

　　The company plans to launch a new line of eco-friendly products next year.（）

　　A. discontinue B. promote C. introduce D. improve

　　The teacher praised the student for his exceptional academic performance.（）

　　A. average B. outstanding C. poor D. normal

　　The project was delayed due to insufficient funding.（）

　　A. adequate B. limited C. extra D. unexpected

　　The film has received widespread acclaim from critics and audiences.（）

　　A. limited B. universal C. negative D. mixed

　　The scientist made a groundbreaking discovery in the field of medicine.（）

　　A. trivial B. revolutionary C. predictable D. unimportant

　　The companys annual conference will be held in Beijing next month.（）

　　A. monthly B. weekly C. yearly D. quarterly

　　The lawyer presented compelling evidence to support her clients case.（）

　　A. weak B. convincing C. irrelevant D. confusing

　　The city has witnessed remarkable changes over the past decade.（）

　　A. slight B. significant C. negative D. gradual

　　The teams collaborative effort led to the successful completion of the project.（）

　　A. individual B. cooperative C. competitive D. independent

　　The book offers practical advice on how to manage personal finances.（）

　　A. theoretical B. useful C. complex D. abstract

　　The disease is prevalent in tropical regions with poor sanitation.（）

　　A. rare B. common C. unknown D. deadly

　　The artists work has a unique style that sets it apart from others.（）

　　A. ordinary B. distinctive C. similar D. traditional

　　The government has introduced stringent measures to control air pollution.（）

　　A. strict B. lenient C. ineffective D. temporary

　　The students brilliant idea solved the problem that had puzzled experts for years.（）

　　A. clever B. foolish C. simple D. complicated

　　The companys profits have declined sharply due to the economic recession.（）

　　A. increased B. decreased C. stabilized D. recovered

　　The lecture was so engaging that no one left the room during the entire presentation.（）

　　A. boring B. interesting C. confusing D. lengthy

　　The old mans memoirs provide a fascinating account of life in the early 20th century.（）

　　A. diaries B. novels C. speeches D. biographies

　　The teams victory was celebrated by fans across the country.（）

　　A. defeat B. success C. loss D. failure

　　The new law will impact the lives of millions of people.（）

　　A. affect B. ignore C. improve D. destroy

　　The scientists research has contributed significantly to our understanding of the universe.（）

　　A. added B. subtracted C. limited D. hindered

　　The citys infrastructure needs to be upgraded to meet the growing populations needs.（）

　　A. buildings B. transport C. facilities D. services

　　The teachers patience with her students made her very popular in the school.（）

　　A. impatience B. kindness C. tolerance D. strictness

　　The companys reputation has been damaged by the recent scandal.（）

　　A. image B. profit C. size D. location

　　The films plot is so complex that it requires careful attention to understand.（）

　　A. story B. acting C. music D. direction

　　The government has allocated more funds to improve public education.（）

　　A. distributed B. reduced C. wasted D. saved

　　The students essay was praised for its clarity and originality.（）

　　A. poem B. report C. story D. composition

　　The teams strategy proved to be effective in winning the game.（）

　　A. plan B. player C. coach D. fan

　　The old building is a landmark that represents the citys history.（）

　　A. symbol B. obstacle C. mystery D. reminder

　　The companys expansion into new markets has been very successful.（）

　　A. contraction B. growth C. decline D. stability

　　The scientists hypothesis was tested through a series of experiments.（）

　　A. theory B. fact C. observation D. conclusion

　　The lecture covered a range of topics related to environmental protection.（）

　　A. variety B. number C. type D. set

　　The artists work has been exhibited in galleries around the world.（）

　　A. displayed B. sold C. stored D. destroyed

　　The governments policy on immigration has sparked a heated debate.（）

　　A. law B. rule C. strategy D. decision

　　The students performance in the exam was better than expected.（）

　　A. behavior B. result C. attitude D. effort

　　The companys products are known for their high quality and durability.（）

　　A. goods B. services C. employees D. customers

　　The films director has won several awards for his work.（）

　　A. actor B. writer C. producer D. filmmaker

　　The government has announced a new initiative to promote renewable energy.（）

　　A. declared B. hidden C. canceled D. delayed

　　The students question sparked a lively discussion in the classroom.（）

　　A. answer B. comment C. inquiry D. statement

　　The companys sales have increased by 20% compared to last year.（）

　　A. profits B. revenues C. costs D. losses

　　The books author will be giving a lecture at the university next week.（）

　　A. writer B. editor C. publisher D. translator

　　The teams coach has been praised for his leadership skills.（）

　　A. player B. manager C. fan D. referee

　　The citys climate is mild, with warm summers and cool winters.（）

　　A. weather B. temperature C. atmosphere D. environment

　　二、阅读理解（共 20 题，每题 2 分，满分 40 分）

　　Passage 1

　　The concept of sustainable development has gained widespread attention in recent decades as the world faces increasing environmental challenges. Sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This concept recognizes the interdependence of economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection.

　　One of the key principles of sustainable development is the efficient use of natural resources. This involves reducing waste, recycling materials, and using renewable resources such as solar and wind energy instead of non-renewable resources like fossil fuels. By adopting these practices, countries can reduce their environmental footprint while maintaining economic growth.

　　Another important aspect of sustainable development is social equity. This means ensuring that the benefits of development are shared equally among all members of society, including marginalized groups. It also involves addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, and access to education and healthcare. By promoting social equity, sustainable development can help to create more stable and inclusive societies.

　　Environmental protection is also a crucial component of sustainable development. This includes protecting biodiversity, reducing pollution, and mitigating the effects of climate change. Governments, businesses, and individuals all have a role to play in environmental protection. Governments can introduce policies and regulations to limit pollution and protect natural habitats, while businesses can adopt eco-friendly practices and develop sustainable products. Individuals can also contribute by reducing their consumption, recycling, and supporting sustainable initiatives.

　　Despite the growing recognition of the importance of sustainable development, there are still many challenges to its implementation. These include political and economic barriers, as well as a lack of awareness and understanding among the general public. However, with continued effort and collaboration from all stakeholders, it is possible to achieve sustainable development and create a better future for all.

　　What is the definition of sustainable development?（）

　　A. Development that focuses on economic growth above all else.

　　B. Development that meets present needs without harming future generations.

　　C. Development that prioritizes environmental protection over social equity.

　　D. Development that relies on non-renewable resources for growth.

　　What is one key principle of sustainable development?（）

　　A. Maximizing the use of non-renewable resources.

　　B. Ignoring social equity in favor of economic growth.

　　C. Efficient use of natural resources.

　　D. Prioritizing short-term gains over long-term sustainability.

　　What does social equity in sustainable development involve?（）

　　A. Ensuring benefits are shared equally among all society members.

　　B. Focusing on the needs of the wealthy.

　　C. Ignoring marginalized groups.

　　D. Reducing access to education and healthcare.

　　What role do businesses play in environmental protection?（）

　　A. They have no role to play.

　　B. They can adopt eco-friendly practices and develop sustainable products.

　　C. They can only follow government regulations.

　　D. They should prioritize profits over the environment.

　　What are the challenges to implementing sustainable development?（）

　　A. Lack of environmental problems.

　　B. Political and economic barriers, and lack of public awareness.

　　C. Too much public awareness.

　　D. No challenges exist.

　　Passage 2

　　Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of our daily lives, from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to self-driving cars and personalized recommendation systems. AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation.

　　One of the main benefits of AI is its ability to increase efficiency and productivity. In the workplace, AI-powered tools can automate repetitive tasks, allowing employees to focus on more complex and creative work. For example, in the healthcare industry, AI can help doctors diagnose diseases more accurately and quickly by analyzing medical images and patient data. In the financial sector, AI can be used to detect fraud and manage risk more effectively.

　　AI also has the potential to improve the quality of life for people around the world. For instance, AI-powered assistive technologies can help people with disabilities to live more independently. Virtual assistants can help the elderly with daily tasks, while AI-powered prosthetics can provide greater mobility and functionality. Additionally, AI can be used to address global challenges such as climate change by analyzing large amounts of data to predict weather patterns and develop solutions to reduce carbon emissions.

　　However, there are also concerns about the impact of AI on society. One of the main concerns is the potential loss of jobs due to automation. As AI systems become more advanced, they may replace human workers in a variety of industries, leading to unemployment and economic inequality. Another concern is the ethical implications of AI, such as bias in AI algorithms and the potential for misuse of AI technology. For example, AI-powered surveillance systems could be used to 侵犯 peoples privacy, while autonomous weapons could pose a threat to global security.

　　To address these concerns, it is important to develop AI in a responsible and ethical manner. This includes ensuring that AI systems are transparent, fair, and accountable. Governments and organizations should also work together to develop regulations and guidelines for the use of AI. Additionally, education and training programs should be developed to help people adapt to the changing job market and acquire the skills needed to work with AI.

　　What is artificial intelligence?（）

　　A. Computer systems that can perform human-like tasks.

　　B. Virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa.

　　C. Self-driving cars and recommendation systems.

　　D. Computer systems that can only perform simple tasks.

　　How can AI increase efficiency in the workplace?（）

　　A. By replacing all human workers.

　　B. By automating repetitive tasks.

　　C. By making tasks more complex.

　　D. By reducing productivity.

　　What is a benefit of AI in healthcare?（）

　　A. It can replace doctors entirely.

　　B. It can help diagnose diseases more accurately.

　　C. It can increase healthcare costs.

　　D. It can reduce access to medical care.

　　What is a concern about AI?（）

　　A. It will increase job opportunities.

　　B. It may lead to job loss due to automation.

　　C. It has no ethical implications.

　　D. It will solve all global challenges.

　　How can we address the concerns about AI?（）

　　A. Develop AI without any regulations.

　　B. Ignore the ethical implications.

　　C. Develop AI in a responsible and ethical manner.

　　D. Stop developing AI entirely.

　　Passage 3

　　Cultural heritage plays a vital role in shaping our identity and understanding of the past. It includes tangible assets such as historical buildings, artifacts, and monuments, as well as intangible assets such as traditions, languages, and customs. Cultural heritage is not only a source of pride for communities but also a valuable resource for tourism and economic development.

　　One of the main challenges facing cultural heritage is preservation. Many historical sites and artifacts are at risk of damage due to natural disasters, climate change, and human activities such as urbanization and pollution. For example, rising sea levels threaten coastal archaeological sites, while air pollution can damage ancient buildings and artworks. Additionally, the illegal trade of cultural artifacts is a major problem, with millions of dollars worth of artifacts stolen each year and sold on the black market.

　　To address these challenges, various preservation efforts are being made around the world. Governments are establishing protected areas and implementing laws to prevent the destruction and theft of cultural heritage. International organizations such as UNESCO are also working to promote the preservation of cultural heritage through initiatives such as the World Heritage List, which recognizes and protects sites of outstanding universal value. Additionally, communities are playing an important role in preservation by passing down traditional knowledge and practices to future generations.

　　Another important aspect of cultural heritage is its role in tourism. Cultural tourism has become increasingly popular in recent years, with millions of people traveling to visit historical sites, museums, and cultural events. This form of tourism not only provides economic benefits to local communities but also helps to promote cultural exchange and understanding. However, excessive tourism can also have negative impacts on cultural heritage, such as overcrowding and damage to historical sites. To ensure sustainable cultural tourism, it is important to balance the needs of tourists with the preservation of cultural heritage.

　　In conclusion, cultural heritage is a valuable asset that must be preserved for future generations. By working together, governments, organizations, and communities can protect cultural heritage and ensure that it continues to play a vital role in shaping our identity and promoting cultural understanding.

　　What does cultural heritage include?（）

　　A. Only tangible assets like buildings and artifacts.

　　B. Only intangible assets like traditions and languages.

　　C. Both tangible and intangible assets.

　　D. None of the above.

　　What is a threat to cultural heritage?（）

　　A. Natural disasters and climate change.

　　B. Preservation efforts.

　　C. Cultural tourism.

　　D. UNESCO initiatives.

　　What is the World Heritage List?（）

　　A. A list of tourist attractions.

　　B. A list of cultural heritage sites of universal value.

　　C. A list of stolen artifacts.

　　D. A list of natural disasters.

　　What is a benefit of cultural tourism?（）

　　A. It damages historical sites.

　　B. It promotes cultural exchange and understanding.

　　C. It causes overcrowding.

　　D. It has no economic benefits.

　　How can we ensure sustainable cultural tourism?（）

　　A. Encourage excessive tourism.

　　B. Ignore the needs of tourists.

　　C. Balance tourist needs with heritage preservation.

　　D. Stop all cultural tourism.

　　Passage 4

　　Education is often referred to as the key to success, and for good reason. It provides individuals with the knowledge, skills, and values needed to succeed in life and contribute to society. Education not only helps individuals to secure better jobs and higher incomes but also promotes personal growth and development.

　　One of the main benefits of education is its impact on economic development. Countries with higher levels of education tend to have stronger economies, as educated workers are more productive and innovative. Education also helps to reduce poverty by providing individuals with the skills needed to escape the cycle of poverty. Additionally, education promotes entrepreneurship, as educated individuals are more likely to start their own businesses and create jobs for others.

　　Education also has important social benefits. It helps to promote social mobility, allowing individuals to move up the social ladder regardless of their background. Education also promotes tolerance and understanding by exposing individuals to different cultures, ideas, and perspectives. This can help to reduce prejudice and discrimination and create more inclusive societies. Furthermore, education is associated with better health outcomes, as educated individuals are more likely to make healthy lifestyle choices and have access to healthcare.

　　Despite the many benefits of education, there are still millions of people around the world who lack access to quality education. This is particularly true in developing countries, where poverty, lack of resources, and gender inequality are major barriers to education. For example, many girls in developing countries are unable to attend school due to cultural norms and economic constraints. Additionally, the COVID - 19 pandemic has disrupted education for millions of students worldwide, with many schools closing and students struggling to access online learning.

　　To address these challenges, governments and organizations are working to improve access to quality education. This includes building more schools, training more teachers, and providing scholarships and other forms of financial support to students in need. Additionally, efforts are being made to promote gender equality in education and ensure that girls have the same opportunities as boys. The use of technology is also being explored as a way to improve access to education, particularly in remote areas.

　　What is a benefit of education?（）

　　A. It reduces productivity.

　　B. It provides knowledge and skills for success.

　　C. It increases poverty.

　　D. It limits personal growth.

　　How does education impact economic development?（）

　　A. It weakens economies.

　　B. It makes workers less productive.

　　C. It promotes entrepreneurship and reduces poverty.

　　D. It has no impact on the economy.

　　What is a social benefit of education?（）

　　A. It promotes prejudice and discrimination.

　　B. It reduces social mobility.

　　C. It promotes tolerance and understanding.

　　D. It has no social benefits.

　　What is a barrier to education in developing countries?（）

　　A. Gender equality.

　　B. Poverty and lack of resources.

　　C. Too many schools.

　　D. Easy access to online learning.

　　How can we improve access to education?（）

　　A. Build more schools and train more teachers.

　　B. Reduce financial support for students.

　　C. Discourage the use of technology.

　　D. Maintain gender inequality.

　　第二部分笔译实务（180 分钟，满分 100 分）

　　一、英译汉（共 50 分）

　　Passage 1

　　The digital revolution has transformed nearly every aspect of modern life, from how we communicate and work to how we shop and entertain ourselves. At the heart of this revolution is the internet, which has connected billions of people around the world and created new opportunities for businesses and individuals alike.

　　One of the most significant impacts of the digital revolution has been on the workplace. The rise of remote work, made possible by advances in communication technology, has allowed employees to work from anywhere in the world. This has not only increased flexibility for workers but also enabled businesses to access a global talent pool. Additionally, digital tools such as project management software and cloud computing have made collaboration easier and more efficient, allowing teams to work together seamlessly regardless of their location.

　　The digital revolution has also changed the way we consume goods and services. E-commerce platforms have made it possible for consumers to shop online at any time of day, from the comfort of their own homes. This has not only convenience for consumers but also created new opportunities for small businesses, which can now reach customers around the world without the need for a physical storefront. Additionally, digital payment systems have made transactions faster and more secure, reducing the need for cash and checks.

　　However, the digital revolution has also brought about new challenges. One of the main challenges is the digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have access to digital technology and those who do not. This divide can exacerbate existing inequalities, as those without access to digital technology may be left behind in terms of education, employment, and access to services. Another challenge is cybersecurity, as the increased use of digital technology has made individuals and businesses more vulnerable to cyberattacks such as hacking and identity theft.

　　Despite these challenges, the digital revolution shows no signs of slowing down. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more changes in the way we live and work. It is important for governments, businesses, and individuals to work together to address the challenges of the digital revolution and ensure that its benefits are shared equally by all.

　　Passage 2

　　Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of our time, with far-reaching impacts on the environment, economy, and human society. The Earths average temperature has been rising steadily over the past century, primarily due to the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities.

　　The impacts of climate change are already being felt around the world. Rising sea levels are threatening coastal communities and small island nations, while extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods are becoming more frequent and severe. These events not only cause widespread damage to infrastructure and property but also pose a threat to human life and safety. Additionally, climate change is affecting ecosystems and biodiversity, with many species facing extinction as their habitats are destroyed.

　　The economic impacts of climate change are also significant. Extreme weather events can disrupt supply chains, damage crops, and lead to higher food prices. Additionally, the costs of adapting to climate change, such as building sea walls and developing drought-resistant crops, can be substantial. However, investing in renewable energy and other climate-friendly technologies can also create new economic opportunities, such as jobs in the solar and wind energy sectors.

　　Addressing climate change requires global cooperation and action at all levels. Governments play a crucial role in developing and implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon pricing and renewable energy targets. Businesses can also contribute by adopting sustainable practices and developing low-carbon technologies. Individuals can make a difference by reducing their carbon footprint, such as by using public transportation, conserving energy, and eating a more plant-based diet.

　　The Paris Agreement, signed by nearly 200 countries in 2015, is a landmark international agreement aimed at limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. While progress has been made, much more needs to be done to meet the goals of the agreement. It is essential that all stakeholders continue to work together to address climate change and protect the planet for future generations.

　　二、汉译英（共 50 分）

　　Passage 1

　　中国是世界上历史最悠久的文明之一，拥有丰富的文化遗产。这些文化遗产不仅是中国人民的宝贵财富，也是全人类的共同财富。近年来，中国政府高度重视文化遗产保护工作，采取了一系列措施来保护和传承本国的文化遗产。

　　中国的文化遗产包括物质文化遗产和非物质文化遗产。物质文化遗产如长城、故宫、兵马俑等，是中国古代文明的杰出代表，吸引了数百万国内外游客前来参观。非物质文化遗产如京剧、中医、剪纸等，承载着中国人民的智慧和创造力，是中国文化的重要组成部分。为了保护这些非物质文化遗产，中国政府设立了国家级非物质文化遗产名录，并支持传承人开展传承活动。

　　除了保护本国的文化遗产，中国还积极参与国际文化遗产保护合作。中国与多个国家和国际组织开展了文化遗产保护项目，如联合考古、文物修复等。这些合作不仅有助于保护全球文化遗产，也促进了各国之间的文化交流和理解。

　　文化遗产保护不仅是对历史的尊重，也是对未来的投资。通过保护文化遗产，我们可以更好地了解自己的历史和文化，增强民族自豪感和认同感。同时，文化遗产也可以成为经济发展的重要动力，如文化旅游产业的发展可以带动当地经济增长，创造就业机会。未来，中国将继续加强文化遗产保护工作，为人类文明的传承和发展作出更大贡献。

　　Passage 2

　　科技创新是推动经济社会发展的核心动力。近年来，中国在科技创新领域取得了显著成就，从 5G 通信、高速铁路到量子计算、人工智能，一系列重大科技成果不断涌现，改变了人们的生活方式，也提升了中国的国际竞争力。

　　中国政府高度重视科技创新，将创新驱动发展战略作为国家发展的核心战略。为了支持科技创新，中国政府加大了研发投入，2023 年全国研发经费支出占国内生产总值的比重达到 2.55%。同时，中国还建立了一批国家级实验室和创新平台，为科研人员提供了良好的'研究条件。此外，中国政府还出台了一系列政策，如税收优惠、知识产权保护等，鼓励企业开展科技创新活动。

　　企业在科技创新中发挥着主体作用。中国的许多企业，尤其是高科技企业，投入大量资源进行研发，取得了多项核心技术突破。例如，华为在 5G 领域拥有大量专利，成为全球 5G 技术的领先者之一；比亚迪在新能源汽车领域不断创新，推动了全球汽车产业的电动化转型。这些企业的创新实践不仅提升了自身的竞争力，也为中国经济的高质量发展注入了强劲动力。

　　科技创新不仅带来了经济增长，也改善了民生福祉。例如，远程医疗技术让偏远地区的患者能够获得优质的医疗服务；智能农业技术提高了农业生产效率，保障了粮食安全；移动支付技术改变了人们的支付方式，使生活更加便捷。未来，中国将继续坚持创新驱动发展战略，聚焦关键核心技术领域，努力实现高水平科技自立自强，为全球科技创新贡献中国智慧和中国方案。

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