英语语法:名词所有格的三种表示办法
英语语法：名词所有格的三种表示方法
关于名词所有格的用法应注意以下三点：
一、用 -’s 表示
有生命的人或物的所有格用-’s表示，有时也可用of表示。如a man’s voice=the voice of a man。此外，还需注意以下3点：
①以-s结尾的单数普通名词后仍然加-’s。如：
The boss’s son, was arrogant to all the employees. 老板的儿子对所有雇佣人员都很傲慢无礼。
但若是以-s结尾的复数名词，其后则只加撇号。如：
This shop sells ladies’ hats. 这家商店出售女帽。
You don’t belong in the beginners’ class. 你不适合在初级班。
若是以-s结尾的专有名词，则既可只加撇号，也可加-’s。如：
Dickens’ “A Tale of Two Cities” is a literary classic. 狄更斯的《双城记》是一部古典文学作品。
②若是几个人共有的，在最后一个姓名后加’s。如：
This is Tom and Mike’s room. 这是汤姆和迈克共住的房间。
③表示时间、距离、金额、天体、国家或城市等的名词也用-’s表示。如：
It’s less than two hours’ drive from here. 开车到那里不到2个钟头。
We visited some of the city’s scenic spots. 我们参观了这座城市的一些风景区。
④-’s所有格后的名词若是不言而喻时，或者是某人的住所、店铺、诊所等时，通常省略。如：
We had a great evening at Paul’s. 我们在保罗家度过了一个愉快的夜晚。
She bought a bottle of vitamin tablets at the chemist’s. 她在药房买了一瓶维生素片。
二、用 of 表示
无生命的东西的所有格一般用of表示。如：
Let’s meet in the bar of the hotel. 咱们在旅馆的酒吧间碰头。
You’ll find the answers at the back of the book. 在书后你可找到答案。
注：有生命的人有时也可用of构成所有格。如：
Might I ask for a photograph of the 高中学习方法 baby? 我可否要一张这宝宝的照片?
三、–’s 和 of 双重表示
当被修饰的名词前有指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时，用双重所有格。如：
Two friends of my father’s came to see me. 我父亲的两个朋友来看我
You are certain to be happy with any relative of Mrs. Moore’s. 你和穆尔夫人的任何亲属在一起肯定是会很快乐的。
高考英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法-议论文
议的阅读
议论文也就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据（evidence），使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。
阅读议论文我们要抓住论题、抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题、抓住了观点，我们就把握了中心，再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。因此，阅读议论文的关键是：抓论题、抓观点。
看看下面一篇例文：
（05 江苏卷 E段）
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe, it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind．The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons, Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said．“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线）, good and ill together. “The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said．But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?
解析：作者在第一段提出论题：The progress in science caused the changes in the twentieth century. 接下来，第二、三段作者提出论据：The progress in science has brought us advantages and the continuation of the progress will surely result in even greater advantages.第四段作者从另一方面提出论据：The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind．再接下来，按行文结构作者应该作出结论，但作者在第五段并没有直接说出不言自明的结论（We should separate the good from the ill.），而是用了几个问句：But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war? 这样可引起读者对结论的深入思考，引起读者的重视。
看看下面的理解题：
72．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
73．From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that .
A．a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war
B．a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war
C．the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons
D．the author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth
74．The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
75．What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?
A．Further application of science to war.
B．More reading of William Shakespeare.
C．Proper use of science in the new century.
D．Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.
（参考答案：ADBD）
【实战演练练习二十四】（05北京卷 C篇）
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful?
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats(栖息地). Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Zoos claim(声称) to educate people and save endangered species(物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range(分布区). The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered．Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats. Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wilD．Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
64．How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos?
A．Dangerous. B．Unhappy. C．Natural. D．Easy.
65．In the state of zoochosis, animals _________.
A．remain in cages B．behave strangely
C．attack other animals D．enjoy moving around
66．What does the author try to argue in the passage?
A．Zoos are not worth the public support.
B．Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.
C．Zoos should treat animals as human beings.
D．Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.
67．The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _________.
A．pointing out the faults in what zoos do
B．using evidence he has collected at zoos
C．questioning the way animals are protected
D．discussing the advantages of natural habitats
68．Although he argues against zoos, the author would still agree that __________.
A．zoos have to keep animals in small cages
B．most animals in zoos are endangered species
C．some endangered animals are reproduced in zoos
D．it’s acceptable to keep animals away from their habitats
【实战演练练习二十五】（04上海卷 C篇）
We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, other, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect—but to have to tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in school or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher.
Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—a form of favouritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill—respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lake of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well&mdash 高中地理;respected school. This defend of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child form a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.
The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.
82．The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that________.
A．bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs.
B．children from well—respected schools tend to have good jobs
C．poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets
D．children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
83．What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?
A．Schools for bright children would lose their reputation.
B．There would be more opportunities and excellence.
C．Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.
D．Children’s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.
84．The opponents of the examination system will agree that _________.
A．jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection
B．computers should be selected to take over many jobs
C．special classed are necessary to keep the school standards
D．schools with academic subjects should be done away with
85．The passage mainly focuses on ___________.
A．schools and certificates B．examination and equality
C．opportunity and employment D．standards and reputation
名师指导高三英语复习注意事项
是以考查运用为主的。尽管如此 高中政治，仍有相当多的习惯于按照传统的“串讲式”、“填鸭式”组织新教材的，大量的时间都被用于“炒冷饭”，串讲课文中重复的语言点，而忽视听、说、读、写的培养。
这样做使学生感到枯燥无味，更有碍于创造性能力的发展，真是“拣了芝麻，丢了西瓜”，“费时多，收效少”。
高考复习首先要明确目的。目前高考英语在重视英语基础的同时，突出考查语言运用能力，形成了以篇章阅读为主体的布局。高三复习的最终目的是提高学生的语言运用能力。但是能力的基础，对能力的测试不可避免地要结合对的测试，这是对学生累积的、系统化的、活化的知识的测试。大量的知识考查通过能力测试得以实现，熟练掌握英语基础知识正是为发展英语运用能力做准备。例如“阅读理解”和“书面表达”都是语言运用能力测，假如学生英语词汇知识贫乏，或是知识不巩固，就理解不了结构复杂的句子，看不懂篇章内容，又怎能去正确地解答试题呢?同样，没有一定量的词汇知识和知识，就谈不上正确的英语表达，就写不出通顺的英语短文。
然而，高三复习的过程不应是对已学知识的简单重复和强化，而是一个再、再认识、提高理解能力和运用能力的过程。如果还是按照传统的串讲课文的方法进行复习，在这么短的时间内达到复习目的是不可能的，因为语言运用能力只靠串讲课文是培养不出来的，特别是阅读能力。因此，在短暂的高考复习中兼顾语言知识的掌握和语言能力的培养是值得广大教师认真探讨的课题。
既然复习知识是为了运用知识，那么什么样的知识便于运用和有利于学科能力的培养呢?这就是网络化的知识，这才是形成学科能力的坚实基础。如果学生的知识能形成网络，那么他们一定对所学的教材进行了层层挖掘，这必然对其实现知识向能力的迁移有重要的影响，有利于他们实际运用能力的提高，并且使他们在应考中运用自如。
高中英语单项选择解题技巧
单项选择中，每一个部分都用黑体字写了这一行字：从A.B.C.D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。明确告诉我们要挑选出一个最佳选项，而不是做出一个正确选项。因此在做时，比较是非常重要的。
虽然题型朝着新颖性变化，但是还是跳脱不开考察语言基础：1、；2、对近义词或习惯用语的辨析；3、日常交际用语。而这三个方面各有其内在规律，因此只要我们了解了这些规律，掌握这些规律，就能逐渐形成答好单项填空题目的解题技巧。
高考的要想快又准地做好单选题，必须具备下列技巧：
1.题眼法“题眼”是指题干中的关键词或关键符号，它具有提示信息的作用。一旦抓住了它，就能掌握选择的依据。如时间、地点、关联词、转折词等。
2.还原法：把倒装式、强调式或疑问式的题干变换为陈述句，再选就容易多了。
3.排除法：对于难度较大的题，一时不知道选哪一个 高三。这时要逐个试填，最后，选取组成最好语境的选项。
4.推理法：根据前后文，进行逻辑推理，在四个选项都可填入的情况下，要认真阅读全句，仔细体会其语境，根据前后文，进行判断。
5.归类法：根据句意，把选项分组归类，缩小范围，提高做题的速度和准确性。
总而言之，英语单选即前面一篇博文所说，抓住语境是第一法则。这类都是为了更好的找出句子所表达的真正目的。
高考英语写作的八种模板
1.正反观点模板
Nowadays， _____ is playing a more and more important role in people’s daily life. However， people’s opinions are still divided on this point.
Those who are in favor of ______ think that it has a lot of advantages. Firstly， _______. Secondly， ______. Finally， ______.
Those who are opposed to ______ hold that disadvantages are many. In the first place， ______. In the second place， ______. Finally， ______.
All in all， we can safely come to the conclusion that the pros outweigh ［ ］ 超过the cons. The past twenty years saw the fast development of ______ along with ______. A brighter future is awaiting us if we make good use of ______.
参考
Nowadays， the Internet is playing a more and more important role in people’s daily life. However， people’s opinions are still divided on this point.
Those who are in favor of the Internet think that it has a lot of advantages. Firstly， information searching is no longer a tough job with help of all kinds of search engines. Secondly， we can keep in touch with friends or business parters via e-mails or software. Finally， we can take part in groups to talk with friends of the same interest.
Those who are opposed to the Internet hold that disadvantages are many. In the first place， the Internet costs time， money and energy， especially for those with less self-control. In the second place， surfing on the Internet for a long time harms the eyes a lot. Finally， more and more young people are addicted to online game and Internet chat， which are harmful to their future development.
All in all， we can safely come to the conclusion that the pros outweigh the cons. The past twenty years saw the fast development of the Internet along with national economy. A brighter future is awaiting us if we make good use of the Internet.
2.介绍人物模板
_____， who is now ____ metres tall and ____ kg in weight， was 高中英语 born in _____ on _____. It’s said that he likes ____ most and his favourite color is ____. The man he respects most is _____ and the one he believes in most is himself.
He _____ and became a member of ____. ____ years later， he ____ （按时间顺序介绍经历。要用到later， two years later， in the same year 等词汇。）
参考范文
Yao Ming， who is now 2.26 metres tall and 134 kg in weight， was born in Shanghai on September 12，1980. It’s said that he likes meat most and his favourite color is blue. The man he respects most is Premier Zhou Enlai and the one he believes in most is himself.
He joined Shanghai basketball team in 1997 and became a member of China national team in 1998. Two years later， he was selected as member of Asian All-Star Basketball Team.In 2002，Shanghai won the champion of CBA and he became the most important players in the team. In the same year， he went to the US and became Number One in the NBA draft， which helped him join Houston Rockets. After many matches he feels a little tired now. Up to now， he still hasn’t definite plan.
3.图表作文模板
From the chart we can see clearly that _____.
In my mind， the reasons why _____ are as follows. First， ______. Besides， ______.
The negative effects of _____ are also clear. To begin with， ______. second， ______， which are both bad ______.
On the whole， I should say the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The key lies in whether we can make good use of it to increase the quality of work and study.
参考范文
From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased from less than two hours in 1990 to nearly four hours in 1995， and then to 20 hours in 2000.
In my mind， the reasons why coputers are more and more widely used are as follows. First， computers can help us finish many tasks， including both work and study. Besides， coputers are becoming cheaper and cheaper—many university students can afford it.
The negative effects of computers are also clear. To begin with，computers may be out of order from time to time， and repairing them can be expensive. Second， more and more students spend too much time playing games or chatting online， which are both bad habits.
On the whole，I should say the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.The key lies in whether we can make good use of it to increase the quality of work and study.
4.口头通知模板
Ladies and gentleman （或Boys and girls）， may I have your attention， please？ I have an announcement to make. （或I have a piece of good news to tell you.）
a. A meeting （或lecture） is to be held in Room 203 at two o’clock.
b. There is going to be an English speaking competition in the lecture room at 3:00 on Dec. 5th， 2006.
c. The sports meet to be held tomorrow is put off because of the bad weather.
d. All teachers and students will be required to____.
e. Please take a pen and a notebook with you and be there on time.
f. After the meeting we’ll have a discussion in groups in our own classroom.
g. Don’t forget the time and address. （Be sure not to be late.） Please be present on time.
h. I’m sure you will have a lot of fun （have a good time）。
i. That’s all. Thank you for your attention.
参考范文
Boys and girls， may I have your attention， please？ I have an announcement to make.
The Students’Union is going to organize a summer camp. Those who want to join in it please sigh your names in the office of the Students Union. You should hand in 100 yuan. If there is some money left， it will be given back to you. You will be divided into three groups and you should know which group you’d like to join. The first group will go to visit the World Park. The second group will pay a visit to Peking University and Tsinghua University. The third group will visit the Great Wall. The camp will begin on July 10 and last two days.
That’s all. Thank you for your attention.
高中英语听力训练的探讨
摘要：听力提高并非仅仅"听力"提高，它代表着发音、词汇、词组、习语、文化等综合的全面提高。听力是决定英文水平的要件，它反映了一个人的交流。然而，它却常常是学英语的同学们在和实际应用中最害怕的一部分。很多同学为此"费尽心机"，但效果却始终不佳。到底如何提高听力呢？首先必须意识到，听力提高并非"听力"提高。它其实代表着英语综合的提高，即发音、词汇、词组、习语、文化等诸方面能力的提高。
一．在全面提高英语的前提下，要提高听、说能力，应首先注意以下三点：
１．已具备一定量的英语词汇和英语基础，但是，在听力训练中，仍有必要注意区分和模仿正确的语音、语调在英语里有不少读音相近，但意思却截然不同的词汇，象 cure[kjue](医愈)和kill[kill](杀死),nearly(将近)和yearly(年度的)等。设想如果有一个医生想说:"I'llcureyou."(我要治好你的病。)却因发音不好,说成:"I'llkillyou."(我要杀死你。)那病人会吓成什么样子。又比如,有人对你说:"Iamthirty.Mywifeisthirty,too."而你听到的却是:"Iamdirty.Mywifeisdirty,too."你一定会莫名其妙。实际上,所差之外就是一个音素。因此,我们从一开始就要注意区分和模仿正确的语音,语调。在这个基础上提高听、说，才能收到良好效果。
２．创造一定的听、说环境听、说是一种语言交流，没有一个外语环境或一定的听、说条件，只靠单枪匹马很难收效。当然，现代科学为我们提供了MP3MP4或传统的录音机这一工具，我们可以把课文、对话和中外成品录制下来反复听和模仿。还可以把自己的口头和复述录下来，仔细审听，发现问题，及时纠正。但是，在自然条件下，听与说是不能分的,高中数学。一个人听的过程实际是另一个人说的过程。如果有条件的话，最好能把自学的伙伴组织起来，定期开展会话活动，或利用社会上，公园中或里的"外语之角"等条件，既练了说，又练了听，在实际的语言环境中练习，才能取得长足的进步。
３．要有不怕听错、说错、不断苦练的精神。练习听、说的者，特别是，往往必听错、说错，因此往往不敢大胆张口练习。然而，语言是一种习惯，没有反复的操练和实践难以产生熟练的技巧。会话重在达意，只要达到交流思想的目的，这种听、说实践就应该说是基本的。出了错，注意总结经验，自学改正就是了。
高考英语阅读理解高分技巧
一、常见题型分析
(一)主旨大意题
主旨大意题在阅读理解中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。要找出主旨大意，应采用法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。更多精彩尽在《调研》第9辑《考前抢分必备》
常见的命题方式：
What is the main idea of this passage?
What dose this passage mainly concern?
The main theme of this passage is_____________
The main point of the passage is___________
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______
The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____
Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作来体现，有以下几种情况：
1。题句位于句首。主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是中最常见的演绎写作法。 2。主题句位于段末。主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。这是中最常见的归纳写作法。3. 主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。4。主题句位于段落的中间。主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的.引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、说明或发展。5。主题句隐含在段意之中。全文没有明确的主题句。其中心思想包含在各个句子中，在这种情况下，读者要把所有已知的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。
【典例1】 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。
Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。
……
Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than ￡65 per year。
Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about ￡260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg—assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. (2008·安徽卷)
This passage is mainly about ________。
A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips
C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips
【解析】 本文主要介绍了如何节约能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主题很明显，文章一开始就点明了主题，接下来整篇文章都是围绕如何save energy展开，而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。故选A。针对主旨大意类题目，应采用快速阅读法(Skimming)浏览全文。在阅读时，应特别注意文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题。
【典例2】 Domestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren’t tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today。
Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication。
……
The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world. (2008·北京卷)
The passage is mainly about _______。
A. why humans domesticated horses
B. how humans and horses needed each other
C. why horses came in different shapes and sizes
D 高中英语. how human societies and horses influenced each other
【解析】本文以时间为顺序，记叙了人类对马的驯化以及马对人类的生活所产生的重要影响。本题考查主旨大意。前四段说明，人类驯养了野马，使得马的种类繁多，这是人类社会对马的影响；最后一段说明，马作为交通工具加速了人类文化传播的进程。故文章的主题应是D所说的内容。此主题句出现在文章的最后一段。如果文章没有明确的主题句，文章的中心思想往往包含在各个段落中，考生可采取提纲挈领的方法，通过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来，概括出全文的中心思想。
选择标题属主旨大意题，是阅读理解题常考的题型之一。那么怎么样选择文章的标题？ 选择文章标题属深层次理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者写作意图，在此基础上，所选出的标题还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。
1。概括性原则 要求标题应在最大限度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主旨。标题实际上是文章主题的一种确认方式。前面我们提到，通过寻找主题句，往往很容易确定短文的标题。但大多数文章的主题句并不明显，需要我们通过体会字里行间蕴含的意思从整体上把握文章的主旨，从全局的角度概括归纳出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。
2。针对性原则 针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。概括性原则要求文章标题包括文章的主要内容。但如果标题过大，就违背了针对性原则、针对性原则要求标题不能太过于概括，而是要直接指向文章的主旨。即标题不能太大也不能太小。要量体裁衣，大小适度。
3。醒目性原则 标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂。标题的好坏往往会影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题往往比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，目的是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。
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