小升初英语语法

时间:2020-08-03 13:14:18 基础英语 我要投稿

小升初英语语法

  小升初英语语法大全:时间介词辨析(上)

小升初英语语法

  1. 表示年、月、日、时刻等用 at, on, in

  a)at 用于表示时刻、时间的某一点:

  at nine (o'clock) 在九点

  at dawn 拂晓时

  at noon 正午时

  at present目前

  b)on 用于某天,某一天的上、下午:

  on Monday 在周一

  on June 6 在6月6日

  on May 4, 1996 在1996年5月4日

  on a cold night 在一个寒冷的夜晚

  on the night of July 1st 在七月一日的夜晚

  *指具体的某一天时,一律用on

  泛指一般的上午(下午)时用in,但特指某日的上午(下午)时用on:

  in the morning 在早上

  on Sunday morning 在周日早上

  在重大节日前也可用on:

  on Christmas Eve 在圣诞前夜

  on New Year's Day 在元旦

  c)in 用于表示周、月、季节、年,泛指的上午、下午、晚上:

  in this week 在这周

  in May 在五月

  in spring 在春季

  in 2010 在2010年

  in September, 1995 在1995年9月

  in the morning 在早上

  2. 表示期间等用 for, during, through/throughout

  a)for 引导一段时间,强调时间由始至终,可译为“长达……”,一般与有长度的时间短语连用:

  We will stay in the city for two days. 我们要在那里呆两天。

  He has lived here for a long time. 他在这儿已经住了很久了。

  b)during 意为“在……(期间)内”的行为或状态。

  一般与一段时间的整体连用。如:during the spring, during last year, during 1980 等,也可以和表示延续性事件的名词连用,如:during my childhood, during the lesson, during his visit等。

  *for之后大多跟表示时间、天数等的数字名词,而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。

  in与during:

  during 用来表示一段时间,其意义大致相当于 in 的用法。一般来说,凡是能用 in 的地方,也可以用 during:

  Don't go to see his wife in his absence. 当他不在的时候不要去见他妻子。

  He came to see me during my absence. 当我不在的时候他来看我了。

  during 与 in 的区别在于,during 强调时间的延续性,而 in 只是一般指某一时间。试比较:

  They visited many cities during their stay in China. 呆在中国期间他们走访了很多城市。

  Her grandpa was killed in the war. 她的祖父死于战争中。

  c)through/throughout 表示“一直……”,强调从开始到结束:

  They played the cards throughout the night. 他们打了一整夜的牌。

  I'll be staying at camp for five days, Monday through Friday. 我将露营五天,从星期一到星期五。

  小升初英语语法大全:时间日期的表达

  1、时间的表达

  A)直接读写数词。

  如:9:15 nine fifteen 10:30 ten thirty 11:45 eleven forty-five 7:05 seven o five 2:25 two twenty-five 5:55 five fifty-five

  B)借助past和to来表达。

  past一般用于30分钟以内(含30分钟)的时间表达;to一般用于超过30分钟的时间表达。一刻钟可以用a quarter表示,半小时可以用half表示。

  如:9:15 a quarter past nine 10:30 half past ten 11:45 a quarter to twelve 7:05 five past seven 2:25 twenty-five past two 5:55 five to six

  注意:询问时间可用句型“What’s the time?”或者“What time is it?”。

  2、日期的表达:

  the+序数词+of+月份。

  如:the third of June 六月三日

  注意:询问日期可用句型“What date is it today?”或者“What’s the date today?”。

  练一练:

  1、用两种方法表达下列时间。

  6:45 1:58

  9:05 3:22

  5:50 8:30

  2、用英语表达下列日期。

  五月一日 九月十日 三月八日

  四月五日 七月九日 八月三日

  一月十五日 六月二日 十二月二十五日

  3、同义句转换,每空一词。

  1) -What’s the time? -It’s eleven forty-five.

  - ___________ is it? -It’s ___________.

  2) It’s seven o five. It’s time for breakfast.

  It’s___________. It’s time ___________.

  3) -What’s the date today? -It’s 1st October.

  - ___________ is it today? -It’s ___________.

  小升初英语语法大全:介词

  1、介词是一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语,才能在句子中起作用。

  有:in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, from…to…, at the back of…

  2、表示时间的介词有:at, on, in。

  (1)at表示“在某一个具体的时间点上”,或用在固定词组中。如:at ten o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…

  (2)on表示“在某日或某日的时间段”。如:on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning…

  (3)in表示“在某一段时间(月份、季节)里”。如:in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 2005…

  3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配,如:in blue(穿着蓝色的衣服),in English(用英语表达),take part in(参加)。

  练一练:

  1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。

  1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?

  2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.

  3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.

  4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.

  5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.

  6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.

  7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?

  8) Helen’s writing paper is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.

  9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.

  10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?

  2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词,并将正确的答案写在横线上。

  1) Jim is good in English and Maths.

  2) The films were in the ground just now.

  3) They are talking to their plans.

  4) How many students have their birthdays on May?

  5) Women’s Day is at the third of March.

  6) I can jog to school on the morning.

  7) Did you water trees at the farm?

  8) Can you come and help me on my English?

  9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.

  10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?

  小升初英语语法大全:可数名词(上)

  乐加乐英语:小升初英语语法大全:可数名词(上),供大家参考学习~

  可数名词的语法特征

  1. 可数名词可以受不定冠词"a,an"的修饰。

  This is a book. 这是一本书。

  Pass me an egg, please. 请递给我一个蛋。

  2. 可数名词可以受基数词的修饰。

  There are four pears on the plate. 盘子上有四个梨。

  3. 可数名词有复数形式。

  Who are those women under the tree? 树下那些女人是谁?

  How many people are there in your family? 你们家有几口人?

  I don't like pineapples. 我不喜欢菠萝。

  4. 可数名词的单数形式不能独立使用,必须有"a,the,my"等的修饰。

  She never wears a hat. 她从不戴帽子。(泛指)

  Be careful of the dog. 当心那条狗。(特指)

  That's her bag. 那是她的提包。

  5. 复数名词可以独立使用,表示泛指。

  Horses are useful animals. 马是有用的动物。(泛指)

  复数形式变化及发音规则

  复合名词改成复数形式

  一、在词尾加 -s 或 -es

  1. 主体名词在词末

  bedroom → bedrooms 卧室

  toothbrush → toothbrushes 牙刷

  greenhouse → greenhouses 温室

  letter-box → letter-boxes 信箱

  2. 没有主体名词

  go-between → go-betweens 中间人

  break-in → break-ins 闯入

  has-been → has-beens 过时的人、过时的物

  forget-me-not → forget-me-nots 勿忘草

  hand-me-down → hand-me-downs 旧衣

  二、在主体名词词尾加 -s 或 -es

  son-in-law → sons-in-law 女婿

  editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief 总编辑

  commander-in-chief → commanders-in-chief 总司令

  passer-by → passers-by 过路人

  vice-premier → vice-premiers 副总理

  三、两个构成部分都要变成复数形式

  a woman cook → women cooks 女厨师

  a man nurse → men nurses 男护士

  编辑推荐:小升初英语语法

  高考英语二轮语法易混词、词组辨析及试题集

  1. must和have to

  这两个词均表示"必须",must常偏重主观意志,而have to偏重客观需要。must一般只用于一般现在时和将来时态,而have to则有更多的时态。例如:

  We must get up at six o'clock every day. 我们每天必须六点钟起床。

  It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 没有时间了,我们必须快点起床。

  We must follow the Party forever. 我们必须永远跟着党走。

  He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他说他第二天得和她一道去。

  2. almost 和nearly

  这两个词意思均为"几乎"、"差不多"。但从程度的角度上说almost更接近些,感情色彩也更浓。在与表示否定意义的词never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none连用时,要用almost,不能用nearly。但可以说not nearly,而不能说not almost。例如:

  It's nearly time. 时间快到了。

  It's almost time. 时间马上就到了。

  Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday. 几乎没有人知道昨天发生在街上的那起交通事故。

  3. the number of 和 a number of

  the number of 意为"……数目",用单数谓语动词。a number of 意为"许多的"、"一些",用复数谓语动词。例如:

  A number of students visited the factory last month. 上个月许多学生参观了那个工厂。

  The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校学生的人数是三千多。

  4. go to sleep 和 go to bed

  go to sleep 意为"入睡",指睡着了,表示状态。go to bed 意为"去睡觉",指上床去睡觉,表示动作。例如:

  We usually go to bed at eleven. 我们通常十一点上床睡觉。

  I found that he had gone to sleep. 我发现他已经睡着了。

  5. receive 与 accept

  receive(vt.)意为"接受",没有主观色彩,指收到了送来的东西。accept(vt.)意为"接受",指乐意接受,强调主观愿望。例如:

  She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.

  她收到了他的礼物,但她拒绝接受。

  I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天,我收到了一封来 自美国的信。

  I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建议。

  6. at the end of 和 in the end

  at the end of 意为"在……的末尾"、"在……的末端"。in the end意为"最后"、"最终"是finally和at last的同义词。例如:

  After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十个月以后,他最终完成了工作。

  There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的尽头有一家商店。

  7. well和good

  两词均译为"好"。当两词都为形容词时,good常用作定语。如用作表语时,后面常与介词for连用。well为形容词时, 多用作表语,指身体好。也可用作定语。例如:

  Spring is a good season. 春天是个好季节。

  Milk is good for children. 牛奶对儿童有益。

  When I saw him, he looked well. 我见到他时,他显得很健康。

  He is not a well man. 他不是一个健康的人。

  well还为副词,而good的副词也是well。例如:

  He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作业完成得很好。

  8. sleep和asleep sleep(v.) 动词"睡觉"。asleep(adj.)形容词"睡着的"、"沉睡的",只用作表语,表示某人睡着了。也常置于名词后,作补语。例如:

  The baby sleeps well. 这个婴儿睡得很熟。

  Mother is asleep in the next room. 妈妈在隔壁房里睡着了。

  asleep也常与fall连用。例如:

  he has fallen asleep. 他已经睡熟了。

  9. have been to 和 has gone to

  have been to… "曾到过……"指曾到过某地,说话时人已经回来。have gone to "到……去了"指已到某地去了,说话时,人已不在这里了。例如:

  I have been to Japan. 我曾到过日本。

  You can't see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你见不到他了, 他已经去天津了。

  10. sometimes、sometime和some time

  sometimes(adv.)意为"有时"、"不时"是频度副词,用作状语。sometime(adv.)意为"某时"、"日后",副词,用作状语。some time意为"一些时候",副词短语,用作状语(也可用作名词性短语)。例如:

  I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些时候了。

  I'll come to see you sometime next week. 下周,我会来看你的 。

  Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有时起得早, 有时起得晚。

  11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner

  三个词均为"在……角"。in the corner 为"在……角里";on the corner为"在……角上""在……拐角上"; at the corner为"在……角边"。下图可表示三个词的区别:

  in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner

  例如:The bank is on (at) the corner. 银行就在拐角上。

  In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.

  在办公室的角落有一张桌子,在桌角上放着一个口袋。

  corner作"拐角"解,与之搭配的介词,美国英语多用on,英国英语通常用at;corner作角(即180o以内的角)解时与之搭配的介词用in,在……内部的"角",习惯上用in the corner of….

  例如:误:The girl sat at the corner in the classroom

  正:The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.

  那个女孩子坐在教室的角落里。

  训练

  1、Don't sit the corner of the table.

  A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)

  2. The boy sat _____ the corner of the room.

  A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)

  3. People came _____ the four corners of the earth.

  A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)

  4.The house stands ____ the corner.

  A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)

  典型错误例析

  1. 承蒙相助,不胜感激。

  误:That's very kind to you to help me.

  正:That's very kind of you to help me.

  析:在得到对方帮助、善待时, 你要表示自己的感激之情,常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意为"(某人)对(某人)好"。

  2.我想尽可能早点见到他。

  误:I would like seeing him as soon as possible.

  正:I would like to see him as soon as possible.

  析:would like ='d like, 用来表示"想要、希望、愿意",后跟动词不定式,不跟动名词。

  3.我对他的汉语有些担忧。

  误:I'm worried for his Chinese. 正:I'm worried about his Chinese.

  析:"对……担忧"应用 be worried about 。

  4.两个月太长了。

  误:Two months are quite a long time.

  正:Two months is quite a long time.

  析:表示重量、时间、长度、价值等的名词作主语,尽管是复数形式,但仍作为一个整体看待,动词一般用单数形式。如:

  Ten dollars is enough. 十美元够了。

  5.全家人打算在那儿呆两个月。

  误:The whole family are going there for two months.

  正:The whole family is going there for two months.

  析:在这里family指整个家庭,所以动词用单数形式。试比较:My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。(这里指家庭成员,动词用复数)

  6.我看见他们正在踢足球。

  误:I saw them play football.

  正:I saw them playing football.

  析:在see、hear、watch等动词后,既可接不带to 的动词不定式,又可带现在分词作宾语补足语,但它们所表示的意义不同。用不定式时说明动作发生了,即动作的全部过程结束了。用现在分词表示动作正在发生,即处于发生的过程 中,还没有结束。

  7.我对科学感兴趣。

  误:I'm interesting in science.

  正:I'm interested in science.

  析:interesting "令人感兴趣的",可用作标语,其主语是物,也可以用作定语,修饰人或物。interested"感兴趣的",常用于be(become) interested的结构,主语是人。

  8.她没乘车去,而是步行的。

  误:She went there on foot instead by bus.

  正:She went there on foot instead of by bus.

  正:She didn't go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.

  析:instead"代替",表示前面的事情没有做,而是做了后面的事,一般位于句首或句尾,但不能位于句中,且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那个句子一般是肯定形式,前面的那个句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意义,后可接一个并列成分。

  9.那个男孩有那么多奇怪的问题。

  误:The boy had such many strange questions.

  正:The boy had so many strange questions.

  析:表示"这样(那样)多",可用so many(用于复数可数名词)或so much (用不可数名词)。它们是固定搭配,so 不能用such代替。

  10.请让他把音量调小点儿。

  误:Ask him to turn off it, please.

  正:Ask him to turn it down, please.

  析:表示通过使用开关或调节器,将电器或类似用品(收音机、电视机等)的声音、亮度等调低、关小,用turn down, 其中down是副词,若是代词作宾语时,则要把代词放在turn和down之间。

  11.下周我将乘飞机去上海。

  误:I'll fly to Shanghai by air next week.

  正:I'll fly to Shanghai next week.

  正:I'll get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.

  析:fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再与by air 连用,以免重复。

  12.我每周看一次电影。

  误:I go to the cinema once every week.

  正:I go to the cinema once a week.

  析:表示在一段时间内出现一定的次数,用"次数+一段时间"这一结构。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周(月、年)两次。

  13.包里装满了书。

  误:The bag is full with books.

  正:The bag is full of books.

  正:The bag is filled with books.

  析:be full of =be filled with, 意为"某容器装满了某物",其主语多为容器。

  14.我们每个人都有一本词典。

  误:Each we have a dictionary.

  正:We have a dictionary each.

  正:Each of us has a dictionary.

  析:each可用作同位语,放在主语、助动词、连系动词之后或句末,谓语动词用复数形式。each of 可和人称代词的宾格连用,谓语用单数形式。

  15.手术持续了五个小时。

  误:The operation kept five hours.

  正:The operation lasted for five hours.

  析:动词last可用来表示某事物持续存在下去,也可用于下列情况:某物的数量达到在需要的一段时间内够用,即可说那样东西持续(多长时间)。而keep为"保存、保持"之意,与题意不符。

  16.你知道他们的飞机什么时候离开北京吗? 误:Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?

  正:Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?

  析:宾语从句不论其原来结构如何,都使用陈述句语序,即:不颠倒主谓语,也不另加助动词。

  17.昆明的天气比兰州的好。

  误:The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.

  正:The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.

  析:在比较句型中,比较的内容应前后一致。本句是拿"昆明的天气"与"兰州的天气"比较,而不是与"兰州"这个地名相比较。

  18.他告诉我们太阳是圆的。

  误:He told us that the sun was round.

  正:He told us that the sun is round.

  析:在含宾语从句的复合句中,主句是一般过去时,从句可根据需要选用过去的某种时态,但从句若陈述的真理性、普遍性的事情等时,则常用一般现在时。

  19.没有消息就是好消息。

  误:No news are good news.

  正:No news is good news.

  析:news尽管看上去是复数形式,但常用作不可数名词,后面的谓语动词要用 单数形式。

  20.那台电视机现在立在我们起居室的角落里。

  误:That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.

  正:That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.

  析:"在室内角落处"应说in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示"在(街、墙)的拐角处"。

  21. 他正在忙着做家务。

  误:He is busy to do his housework.

  正:He is busy doing his housework.

  正:He is busy with his housework.

  析:be busy doing 表示"忙于做……",doing不能改为to do; be busy with 也表示"忙于做……",但后面只能接名词,不能接动词的"-ing"形式。

  22.我不得不告诉你这件事,对吗?

  误:I had to tell you about it, hadn't I?

  正:I had to tell you about it, didn't I

  析:have to 意为"不得不",其疑问句式的构成不能用have,而要根据不同的人称和世态,选用助动词do 、does 或did。

  特别提醒:

  含有动词意义的介词

  在英语中,有一些介词表示的却是动词的含义,主要有:

  1.at : 在与表达感情的形容詞连用时,可代替"听""看"等动词,如:

  She was greatly surprised at the bad news. 她听到这个坏消息时,大吃一惊。

  2.to : 在与go, come , invite等动词连用时, 可代替 "参加""出席" 等动词, 如:

  Prof. Wang has gone to a meeting. 王教授去开会去了。

  3.for;在与go, come , return等动词连用时,可代替后面表明 "目的" 动词, 如:

  What did he come for? He came for his wallet.他来干么?他来取钱包。

  4.for : 在与start, leave, set等表示离开,启程等动词连用时,相当于汉语的' "走""到""往" 等意思,如:

  They start for Shanghai at five early tomorrow morning明早五时,他们出发去上海。

  5.有些介词短语作連系动词的表语,有动词含义,如:What is he at? 他在干什么?

  6.有些介词短语可代替动词不定式短语,作定语,自然会有动词意义,如: It's time for breakfast.现在是早餐的时间了/ 该吃早饭了。

  7.with,在类似下列的句子中,意为use,如:

  He often writes with my pen他时常以我的钢笔写. 他常有我的钢笔写字。

  8.by与表示交通工具的单词连用,相当于汉语的 "坐""乘" 等意思,如:

  Are you going to travel by plane or by train?他坐火车去工作? 你们打算乘飞机还是坐火车去旅行?

  但是不能说这些介词就等于这些动词,更不能用它们充当谓语动词。

  高考英语二轮语法易混词、词组辨析及试题集

  1. must和have to

  这两个词均表示"必须",must常偏重主观意志,而have to偏重客观需要。must一般只用于一般现在时和将来时态,而have to则有更多的时态。例如:

  We must get up at six o'clock every day. 我们每天必须六点钟起床。

  It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 没有时间了,我们必须快点起床。

  We must follow the Party forever. 我们必须永远跟着党走。

  He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他说他第二天得和她一道去。

  2. almost 和nearly

  这 两个词意思均为"几乎"、"差不多"。但从程度的角度上说almost更接近些,感情色彩也更浓。在与表示否定意义的词never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none连用时,要用almost,不能用nearly。但可以说not nearly,而不能说not almost。例如:

  It's nearly time. 时间快到了。

  It's almost time. 时间马上就到了。

  Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday. 几乎没有人知道昨天发生在街上的那起交通事故。

  3. the number of 和 a number of

  the number of 意为"……数目",用单数谓语动词。a number of 意为"许多的"、"一些",用复数谓语动词。例如:

  A number of students visited the factory last month. 上个月许多学生参观了那个工厂。

  The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校学生的人数是三千多。

  4. go to sleep 和 go to bed

  go to sleep 意为"入睡",指睡着了,表示状态。go to bed 意为"去睡觉",指上床去睡觉,表示动作。例如:

  We usually go to bed at eleven. 我们通常十一点上床睡觉。

  I found that he had gone to sleep. 我发现他已经睡着了。

  5. receive 与 accept

  receive(vt.)意为"接受",没有主观色彩,指收到了送来的东西。accept(vt.)意为"接受",指乐意接受,强调主观愿望。例如:

  She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.

  她收到了他的礼物,但她拒绝接受。

  I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天,我收到了一封来 自美国的信。

  I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建议。

  6. at the end of 和 in the end

  at the end of 意为"在……的末尾"、"在……的末端"。in the end意为"最后"、"最终"是finally和at last的同义词。例如:

  After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十个月以后,他最终完成了工作。

  There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的尽头有一家商店。

  7. well和good

  两词均译为"好"。当两词都为形容词时,good常用作定语。如用作表语时,后面常与介词for连用。well为形容词时, 多用作表语,指身体好。也可用作定语。例如:

  Spring is a good season. 春天是个好季节。

  Milk is good for children. 牛奶对儿童有益。

  When I saw him, he looked well. 我见到他时,他显得很健康。

  He is not a well man. 他不是一个健康的人。

  well还为副词,而good的副词也是well。例如:

  He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作业完成得很好。

  8. sleep和asleep sleep(v.) 动词"睡觉"。asleep(adj.)形容词"睡着的"、"沉睡的",只用作表语,表示某人睡着了。也常置于名词后,作补语。例如:

  The baby sleeps well. 这个婴儿睡得很熟。

  Mother is asleep in the next room. 妈妈在隔壁房里睡着了。

  asleep也常与fall连用。例如:

  he has fallen asleep. 他已经睡熟了。

  9. have been to 和 has gone to

  have been to… "曾到过……"指曾到过某地,说话时人已经回来。have gone to "到……去了"指已到某地去了,说话时,人已不在这里了。例如:

  I have been to Japan. 我曾到过日本。

  You can't see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你见不到他了, 他已经去天津了。

  10. sometimes、sometime和some time

  sometimes(adv.)意为"有时"、"不时"是频度副词,用作状语。sometime(adv.)意为"某时"、"日后",副词,用作状语。some time意为"一些时候",副词短语,用作状语(也可用作名词性短语)。例如:

  I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些时候了。

  I'll come to see you sometime next week. 下周,我会来看你的 。

  Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有时起得早, 有时起得晚。

  11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner

  三个词均为"在……角"。in the corner 为"在……角里";on the corner为"在……角上""在……拐角上"; at the corner为"在……角边"。下图可表示三个词的区别:

  in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner

  例如:The bank is on (at) the corner. 银行就在拐角上。

  In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.

  在办公室的角落有一张桌子,在桌角上放着一个口袋。

  corner作"拐角"解,与之搭配的介词,美国英语多用on,英国英语通常用at;corner作角(即180o以内的角)解时与之搭配的介词用in,在……内部的"角",习惯上用in the corner of….

  例如:误:The girl sat at the corner in the classroom

  正:The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.

  那个女孩子坐在教室的角落里。

  训练

  1、Don't sit the corner of the table.

  A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)

  2. The boy sat _____ the corner of the room.

  A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)

  3. People came _____ the four corners of the earth.

  A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)

  4.The house stands ____ the corner.

  A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)

  典型错误例析

  1. 承蒙相助,不胜感激。

  误:That's very kind to you to help me.

  正:That's very kind of you to help me.

  析:在得到对方帮助、善待时, 你要表示自己的感激之情,常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意为"(某人)对(某人)好"。

  2.我想尽可能早点见到他。

  误:I would like seeing him as soon as possible.

  正:I would like to see him as soon as possible.

  析:would like ='d like, 用来表示"想要、希望、愿意",后跟动词不定式,不跟动名词。

  3.我对他的汉语有些担忧。

  误:I'm worried for his Chinese. 正:I'm worried about his Chinese.

  析:"对……担忧"应用 be worried about 。

  4.两个月太长了。

  误:Two months are quite a long time.

  正:Two months is quite a long time.

  析:表示重量、时间、长度、价值等的名词作主语,尽管是复数形式,但仍作为一个整体看待,动词一般用单数形式。如:

  Ten dollars is enough. 十美元够了。

  5.全家人打算在那儿呆两个月。

  误:The whole family are going there for two months.

  正:The whole family is going there for two months.

  析:在这里family指整个家庭,所以动词用单数形式。试比较:My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。(这里指家庭成员,动词用复数)

  6.我看见他们正在踢足球。

  误:I saw them play football.

  正:I saw them playing football.

  析:在see、hear、watch等动词后,既可接不带to 的动词不定式,又可带现在分词作宾语补足语,但它们所表示的意义不同。用不定式时说明动作发生了,即动作的全部过程结束了。用现在分词表示动作正在发生,即处于发生的过程 中,还没有结束。

  7.我对科学感兴趣。

  误:I'm interesting in science.

  正:I'm interested in science.

  析:interesting "令人感兴趣的",可用作标语,其主语是物,也可以用作定语,修饰人或物。interested"感兴趣的",常用于be(become) interested的结构,主语是人。

  8.她没乘车去,而是步行的。

  误:She went there on foot instead by bus.

  正:She went there on foot instead of by bus.

  正:She didn't go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.

  析:instead"代替",表示前面的事情没有做,而是做了后面的事,一般位于句首或句尾,但不能位于句中,且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那个句子一般是肯定形式,前面的那个句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意义,后可接一个并列成分。

  9.那个男孩有那么多奇怪的问题。

  误:The boy had such many strange questions.

  正:The boy had so many strange questions.

  析:表示"这样(那样)多",可用so many(用于复数可数名词)或so much (用不可数名词)。它们是固定搭配,so 不能用such代替。

  10.请让他把音量调小点儿。

  误:Ask him to turn off it, please.

  正:Ask him to turn it down, please.

  析:表示通过使用开关或调节器,将电器或类似用品(收音机、电视机等)的声音、亮度等调低、关小,用turn down, 其中down是副词,若是代词作宾语时,则要把代词放在turn和down之间。

  11.下周我将乘飞机去上海。

  误:I'll fly to Shanghai by air next week.

  正:I'll fly to Shanghai next week.

  正:I'll get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.

  析:fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再与by air 连用,以免重复。

  12.我每周看一次电影。

  误:I go to the cinema once every week.

  正:I go to the cinema once a week.

  析:表示在一段时间内出现一定的次数,用"次数+一段时间"这一结构。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周(月、年)两次。

  13.包里装满了书。

  误:The bag is full with books.

  正:The bag is full of books.

  正:The bag is filled with books.

  析:be full of =be filled with, 意为"某容器装满了某物",其主语多为容器。

  14.我们每个人都有一本词典。

  误:Each we have a dictionary.

  正:We have a dictionary each.

  正:Each of us has a dictionary.

  析:each可用作同位语,放在主语、助动词、连系动词之后或句末,谓语动词用复数形式。each of 可和人称代词的宾格连用,谓语用单数形式。

  15.手术持续了五个小时。

  误:The operation kept five hours.

  正:The operation lasted for five hours.

  析:动词last可用来表示某事物持续存在下去,也可用于下列情况:某物的数量达到在需要的一段时间内够用,即可说那样东西持续(多长时间)。而keep为"保存、保持"之意,与题意不符。

  16.你知道他们的飞机什么时候离开北京吗? 误:Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?

  正:Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?

  析:宾语从句不论其原来结构如何,都使用陈述句语序,即:不颠倒主谓语,也不另加助动词。

  17.昆明的天气比兰州的好。

  误:The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.

  正:The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.

  析:在比较句型中,比较的内容应前后一致。本句是拿"昆明的天气"与"兰州的天气"比较,而不是与"兰州"这个地名相比较。

  18.他告诉我们太阳是圆的。

  误:He told us that the sun was round.

  正:He told us that the sun is round.

  析:在含宾语从句的复合句中,主句是一般过去时,从句可根据需要选用过去的某种时态,但从句若陈述的真理性、普遍性的事情等时,则常用一般现在时。

  19.没有消息就是好消息。

  误:No news are good news.

  正:No news is good news.

  析:news尽管看上去是复数形式,但常用作不可数名词,后面的谓语动词要用 单数形式。

  20.那台电视机现在立在我们起居室的角落里。

  误:That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.

  正:That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.

  析:"在室内角落处"应说in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示"在(街、墙)的拐角处"。

  21. 他正在忙着做家务。

  误:He is busy to do his housework.

  正:He is busy doing his housework.

  正:He is busy with his housework.

  析:be busy doing 表示"忙于做……",doing不能改为to do; be busy with 也表示"忙于做……",但后面只能接名词,不能接动词的"-ing"形式。

  22.我不得不告诉你这件事,对吗?

  误:I had to tell you about it, hadn't I?

  正:I had to tell you about it, didn't I

  析:have to 意为"不得不",其疑问句式的构成不能用have,而要根据不同的人称和世态,选用助动词do 、does 或did。

  特别提醒:

  含有动词意义的介词

  在英语中,有一些介词表示的却是动词的含义,主要有:

  1.at : 在与表达感情的形容詞连用时,可代替"听""看"等动词,如:

  She was greatly surprised at the bad news. 她听到这个坏消息时,大吃一惊。

  2.to : 在与go, come , invite等动词连用时, 可代替 "参加""出席" 等动词, 如:

  Prof. Wang has gone to a meeting. 王教授去开会去了。

  3.for;在与go, come , return等动词连用时,可代替后面表明 "目的" 动词, 如:

  What did he come for? He came for his wallet.他来干么?他来取钱包。

  4.for : 在与start, leave, set等表示离开,启程等动词连用时,相当于汉语的 "走""到""往" 等意思,如:

  They start for Shanghai at five early tomorrow morning明早五时,他们出发去上海。

  5.有些介词短语作連系动词的表语,有动词含义,如:What is he at? 他在干什么?

  6.有些介词短语可代替动词不定式短语,作定语,自然会有动词意义,如: It's time for breakfast.现在是早餐的时间了/ 该吃早饭了。

  7.with,在类似下列的句子中,意为use,如:

  He often writes with my pen他时常以我的钢笔写. 他常有我的钢笔写字。

  8.by与表示交通工具的单词连用,相当于汉语的 "坐""乘" 等意思,如:

  Are you going to travel by plane or by train?他坐火车去工作? 你们打算乘飞机还是坐火车去旅行?

  但是不能说这些介词就等于这些动词,更不能用它们充当谓语动词。

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