初中英语语法之名词用法和解析

时间:2020-07-06 13:45:48 基础英语 我要投稿

初中英语语法之名词用法和解析

  名词意义及用法

初中英语语法之名词用法和解析

  ble, ice, duck, flag... 这些简单的英语单词,它们的名词意义就算对初学英语者来说也一定是小菜一碟,但老外经常把它们当做动词用,它们的动词意义和用法你知道吗?

  1. table:名词,桌子;当动词用,是指开会时延期讨论提案等,也就是暂缓审议。(to postpone discussion of a bill or suggestion until future time); 例如:

  They tabled the motion at the meeting.

  I made the motion and he seconded it.(我提案,他同意。) (second 这里是动词,意思是赞成;to second the motion 也就是附议)

  We are tabling this matter until further notice.(我们延期讨论这件事,以后再说。)

  2. pride:名词,荣誉;当动词用,是指感到得意或自豪。(to take pride in something)例如:

  We prided ourselves on our good work. (我们为自己工作的表现而自豪。)

  I have long prided myself on being a good teacher. (我一向以身为一名称职的老师?而自豪。)

  注意:to pride oneself on和 to be proud of 或 to take pride in 意思相近,只是用法和后面所跟的介词不同而已。例如:

  They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist.

  I am very proud of being a Chinese.

  3. carpet:名词,地毯;当动词用,是覆盖的意思 。(to cover something) 例如:

  The flower girls carpeted the floor with rose petals before the bride's entrance. (新娘进来前,花童将玫瑰花瓣撒满了地板。)

  During the winter time my roof is carpeted with white snow. (冬天时我家的屋顶盖满了白雪。)

  4. floor:名词,地板;当动词用,是踩足汽车的油门,加速开车或使人惊讶。 (to press accelerator of a car to the floor in order to speed up; or to astonish someone) 例如:

  As soon as I saw his gun, I floored my car. (我一见到他有枪,立即踩足油门加速开车。)

  When you see a police car, don't floor it. (当你看到警车时,?开快车。)

  The news really floored me; I hadn't been expecting it at all. (这个消息真使我吃惊地不知所措,这完全出乎我地意料。)

  5. top:名词,顶端;做动词用,是做得更好,或高过某人。 (to do something better or to be taller than someone) 例如:

  If he had tried harder, he could have topped his class. (假如他以前用功些,他会在班里(成绩)名列前茅的。)

  The tax-cut issue will top today's agenda. (减税问题将是今天的主要议题。)

  Mr. Lin tops me by three inches. (林先生比我高三?)

  6. flag:名词,旗帜;当动词用,是指打旗号或做手势来传达讯息。 (to give signal for communication) 例如:

  When my car broke down, I flagged a police car. (当我的汽车抛锚的时候,我打了个信号招来一辆警车。)

  The beach life-guards usually flag one another for communication. (海滨救生员通常用旗号传达讯息。)

  7. bridge:名词,桥梁、桥牌;当动词用,是连接或沟通的意思。(to connect) 例如:

  The parents are trying to bridge the generation gap with their children. (父母都在设法弥合与儿女的代沟。)

  These tax reforms are attempt to bridge the gap between the rich and poor. (这些税收改革旨在弥合贫富之间的差距。)

  8. club:名词,俱乐部、高尔夫球棒;当动词用,意思是用棍棒打人。(to beat someone with a stick) 例如:

  The security officer should not club any suspect who does not resist arrest. (保安人员对任何没有拒捕的嫌犯都不该用棍棒殴打。)

  I saw the police clubbing a suspected robber. (我看到警察用棍棒打了那个抢劫嫌疑犯。)

  初中英语阅读技巧

  根据教育部制定的英语课程标准,初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面,在中考中所占比重越来越大,这是拉开档次的题目。

  阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下:

  1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义;

  2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系;

  3、能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局;

  4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料;

  5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息;

  6、除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上(上海的要求更高一些,30万词以上)所谓阅读能力是

  指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。

  阅读理解考查的项目大多是根据这三种能力的要求设计的。为了提高阅读理解能力,同学们在做阅读理解时,就要在以下几个方面下功夫:

  (一)要注意养成良好的阅读心理阅读时要去掉杂念,心绪要安定,精神要专一,要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。造成大脑皮层的优势兴奋中心。切不可一遇到几个生词难句,就心烦意乱,失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们,任何恐慌,过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此,遇到困难一定要从容不迫,心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰,理解深刻。

  (二)要提高视读的速度考阅读理解,从另一个方面来说,考的是考试速度。2002年上海英语中考阅读理解文章每篇均达到400词左右。慢读是不行的。因此做阅读理解时,要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。阅读时眼球总是不断地移动停顿移动着。理解是在眼停的瞬间进行的。我们要使眼停的时间相对增加,就要扩大视读的广度,把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一次扫描一句的线式阅读,并且把看到的东西迅速报告给大脑,形成眼脑较快的直映能力。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭,只要全篇理解了,个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测,去推断。

  (三)阅读时要注意培养语感所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。语感好的人,理解力就强,视读的速度就快。阅读时要留心词语的搭配,即惯用法。必要时可用笔划一划或记下来。读完每一篇文章,都应总结归纳一下,积累了多少单词,惯用法和句型,这样语感自然就会好起来。

  (四)读完一篇文章后,要回味一番对文章的段落结构,中心思想,人物事件,论点论据要做到心中有数。对不清楚的地方可以再看几次。要留心关键词句,注意弦外之音。对文章的评价分析,一定要坚持词不离句,句不离篇,要理解文章作者的`原意,而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。切记:一想当然,就会出错。

  如果文章太长,你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍,带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念,提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句,特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话,往往就是关键句,可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌,理解文章的主题。此外,还应该细读文章,因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记,把有关的人物,事件,时间,地点,原因(即五个W,who,what,when,where,why)划出来。凡逢人物就圈起来,看完一数,有几个圈就是几个人,一目了然。

  详解阅读题——传教士的讲题

  A preacher was asked to give a talk at a local women's health symposium. His wife asked about his topic, but he was too embarrassed to admit that he had been asked to speak about sex. Thinking quickly, he replied, "I'm talking about sailing."

  "Oh, that's nice," said his wife.

  The next day, at the grocery store, a young woman who had attended the lecture recognized the minister's wife. "That was certainly an excellent talk your husband gave yesterday, " she said. "He really has a unique perspective on the subject." Somewhat chagrined, the minister' s wife replied, "Gee, funny you should think so. I mean, he's only done it twice. The first time he threw up, and the second time, his hat blew off."

  Notes:

  (1) preacher n.传教士

  (2) symposium n 初中英语. 专题研讨会

  (3) embarrassed adj. 局促不安的

  (4) grocery n. 杂货业

  (5) unique adj. 独特的

  (6) perspective n. 观点;看法

  (7) chagrined adj. 懊恼的

  (8) throw up 呕吐

  Exercises:

  根据短文判断正确下列句子:

  ① The preacher was asked to give a talk on sex.

  ② He was too shy to tell his wife the topic.

  ③ The young woman told the minister's wife the real topic he had spoken about.

  ④ The young woman thought the preacher had his unique idea on sex.

  ⑤ The preacher's wife thought the young woman was praising the preacher for his wide knowledge on sailing.

  传教士的讲题

  一位传教士应邀在当地的妇女专题研讨会上作报告。他的妻子问及他的讲题,他要是供认他应邀讲性的话,他会无地自容的。他飞快地思索,回答说:我要讲关于航海的。

  噢,那好极了,他妻子说。

  第二天,在杂货店,一位听过讲座的年轻妇女认出了牧师的妻子。你丈夫昨天讲得确实好极了,她说,在那个问题上他确有独到的见解。牧师妻子显出有些懊恼地回答说:唧,你这样认为真是好笑。我是说他仅仅做过两次。第一次他呕吐了,第二次他的帽子被吹掉了。

  练习参考答案:

  ①T②T③F④T⑤T

  初中英语语法大全精讲之被动语态的用法

  被动语态的用法:

  ① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如:A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)

  ②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如:Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)

  ③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如:It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)

  初中英语名词概念的语法大全

  【名词概念的】名词一把死拿可以分为专有名词和普通名词两种名词属性,下面就是对它的具体介绍。

  名词

  名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:

  1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。

  2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。

  3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。

  4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。

  个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。

  英语作文万能句子大全(1)

  【万能句子大全(1)】对于英语作文学习中,记住万能句子是很有必要的。

  万能句子大全(1)

  1. as soon as 一…就…

  2. (not) as/so…as 不如

  3. as…as possible 尽可能地

  4. ask sb for sth.. 请求,要求

  5. ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth. 请教/告诉某人如何做…

  6. ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 请/告诉某人做/不做某事

  通过上面对万能句子大全的介绍,希望同学们对上面的句子能很好的记住,并在写作中很好的运用。

  if 和 whether用法

  whether和if用法相同吗?

  []有时相同,有时不同。 whether和if都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为是否,在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。例如:

  She asked me if/whether I could help her with if 和 whether用法 her English.她问我是否能帮她学。

  I don't know if/whether it is going to rain.我不知道是否会下雨。

  它们之间的相同点我已明白。它们之间有什么不同呢?

  [老师]在下列六种情况下,只能用whether,不能用 if:

  1.在带to的动词不定式前。例如:

  She hasn't decided whether to go or not.她还没有决定去还是不去。

  He doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.他不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。

  2.在介词后面。例如:

  I'm thinking of whether we should go fishing.我在想我们是否该去钓鱼。

  I'm not interested in whether she'll come or not.她来不来,我不感。

  3.直接与or not连用时。例如:

  I can't say whether or no the will come on time.他能否准时来,我说不准。

  I don't know whether or not they will come to help us.我不知道他们是否会来帮助我们。

  4.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中。例如:

  We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week.我们讨论下周我们是否举行运动会。

  5.宾语从句提前时只能用whether。例如:

  Whether this if 和 whether用法 is true or not,I can't say.这是不是真的,我说不准。

  6.引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用 whether。例如:

  Whether he is right or wrong is a question.他是对还是错仍是个问题。

  The question was whether he went there last night.问题是他昨晚去没去那里。

  那么,在什么情况下用if不用whether呢?

  [老师]在下面三种情况下用if不用whether:

  1.引导条件状语从句,if意为如果时,不可用 whether代替。例如:

  We will go swimming if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天气好,我们将去游泳。

  We'll go hiking ifit doesn't rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们将去徒步旅行。

  2.引导否定概念的宾语从句时一般用if。例如:

  He asked me if I hadn't finished my homework.他问我是否没有完成作业。

  3.状语从句中的even if(即使)和as if(好像)中的if不能用whether来替代。例如:

  I'll not let you watch TV even if you're free.即使你有空,我也不让你看电视。

  He talks as if he knew all about it.他说话的口气好像他全部都已知道了。

  OK,讲了这么多,不知你听明白了吗?

  听明白了。Thank you,sir.