康保县土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究

时间：2023-03-12 02:18:36 地理毕业论文我要投稿

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康保县土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究

【中文摘要】土地利用/土地覆盖变化是国际学术界当前研究的热点之一,探索未来土地利用变化情景及其环境效应是研究的重点。土壤侵蚀是指在水力、风力、重力、冻融以及其它外营力作用下土壤、土壤母质及其它地面组成物质如岩屑、松散岩层等,被破坏、剥蚀、运转、沉积的过程。土壤侵蚀是造成地表水土流失的直接原因,也是我国国土整治的主要目标和任务之一。土地利用方式可以明显地影响径流和土壤侵蚀,人类不合理的土地利用是水土流失发生的主要原因之一。本文以位于北方农牧交错带的康保县为例,对县域尺度空间范围土地利用格局与土壤侵蚀关系进行了分析。通过地理信息系统和遥感技术的应用,可以使土壤侵蚀的分类、分级与一定空间位置的某一地块相对应,分析土壤侵蚀强度与土地利用的关系,从而从整体上把握土壤侵蚀特征,为科学决策提供可靠依据。康保县土壤侵蚀以风力侵蚀和水力侵蚀为主。本文根据水利部颁布的《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》(1997),参考有关学者提出的土壤风蚀强度分级指标,构建研究区土壤侵蚀强度分类分级指标体系,运用GIS和RS技术提取土地利用现状、坡度、植被覆盖度、土壤质地等信息,并按土壤侵蚀强度分类分级指标体系将各个信息进行叠加得到冀北地区土壤侵蚀强度分级分类图,然后将土地利用现状图与土壤侵蚀强度图叠加得到不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀图。探求研究区土地利用变化与土壤侵蚀的关系。主要内容包括:(1)首先阐述了土壤侵蚀和土地利用有关概念的涵义、研究内容、研究进展及RS、GIS技术在这方面的应用。(2)应用遥感与地理信息系统技术,利用多种信息源,提取进行土壤侵蚀强度分类分级的所需的多个指标,在研究区土地利用数据的基础上,结合地貌、植被、土壤侵蚀、坡度、土壤质地等自然影响因子,构建了康保县土地利用空间格局。(3)在已有的(2000年)康保县土地利用现状数据基础上,运用遥感与地理信息系统技术结合2005年的遥感数据,制成2005年土地利用现状图。研究表明,研究区是土地退化问题十分严重的区域。不同土壤侵蚀强度下的土地利用特征不同。研究区土壤侵蚀以中度为主,占土地总面积的34.59%;其次为轻度侵蚀,占土地总面积的29.59%,随着侵蚀强度的增加,土壤侵蚀面积迅速减少。北部低山丘陵区、东部缓坡丘陵区和中南部波状平原区的土壤侵蚀程度存在较明显的区域差异。北部低山丘陵区以中度侵蚀为主,占土地总面积的39.59%,其次为轻度侵蚀,占土地总面积的34.68%;东部缓坡丘陵区以轻度侵蚀为主,占土地总面积的41.52%,其次为中度侵蚀,占土地总面积的35.44%;中南部波状平原区以轻度、中度侵蚀为主,占土地总面积的27.01%、25.22%。东部缓坡丘陵区侵蚀影响的土地比例最高,土地侵蚀强度在轻度及以上,占土地总面积的92.17%;北部低山丘陵区土壤侵蚀强度最大,中度及其以上侵蚀强度的土地面积占该区土地总面积的52.55%。康保县不同土地利用土壤侵蚀程度以耕地最为严重,以中度以上为主;林地的侵蚀也较为严重,以轻度以下为主;草地侵蚀相对较小,以轻度以上为主。但草场质量退化严重,这表明草地受到较为严重的土壤侵蚀。草地是我国农牧交错带主要土地利用类型,它的土壤侵蚀严重对区域的生态环境产生不利影响。未利用地轻度以上的侵蚀占73.43%,这表明康保县中未利用土地的土壤侵蚀没有得到有效的治理。

康保县土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究

【英文摘要】 At present,land use / land cover change is an international academic research, and exploring future scenarios of land use change and its environmental effect is the focus of the study . Soil erosion is the process of soil, the soil parent material and the composition of other substances such as ground-based debris, loose rock, etc. being damaged, erosion operation, and deposition, under the forces of hydro, wind, gravity, freezing and thawing and others. Soil erosion is the direct cause of surface Soil & Water Lost, and also the main goals and tasks of land improvement . Land use patterns ? significantly affect the runoff and soil erosion, and unreasonable human land use is the main reasons of water and soil lost. In this paper, taking Kangbao County as an example ,located in the northern farming-pastoral zone , the scope of county-scale spatial pattern of land use and soil erosion relationship are analyzed. The application of geographic information systems and remote sensing technology will enable the classification and grade of soil erosion, a certain spatial location that corresponds to a plot, and an analysis of soil erosion and land use intensity. And thus we can grasp the overall features of soil erosion to provide a reliable scientific basis for decision-making. Soil Erosion in Kangbao County is dominated by wind erosion and water erosion. In this paper, according to "standards of classification and grading soil erosion" (1997) issued by the Ministry of Water Resources, refer to indicators of soil erosion intensity classification put forward by the scholars, the classification and grading soil erosion intensity index system of the study area is built. and then the use of GIS and RS technology, extracting the status quo of land use, slope, vegetation coverage, soil texture and other information, and soil erosion intensity index system of classification and grading information will be superimposed to get graded intensity classification maps of all areas of soil erosion in northern Hebei , and further land use maps and soil erosion intensity map will be superimposed to obtain soil erosion map of different types of land-use, to explore the relationship between land-use change and soil erosion.The main contents include:(1) First of all, this paper will expound the concept of soil erosion and land use , meaning of the study, research progress and RS, GIS technology in this area.(2) By applying remote sensing and geographic information systems technology, using multiple sources of information, extracting the required number of indicators of soil erosion intensity classification and grading, based on data of land use in the study, on the combination of topography, vegetation, soil erosion, degree of slope, soil texture, rainfall and other natural effects of factors, to build a spatial pattern of land use of Kangbao County.(3) Based on the existing (2000) Kangbao County land use data, applying remote sensing data in 2005 from the combination of remote sensing and geographic information systems technology to make land use maps in 2005.Studies have shown that land degradation of the study area is a very serious. The land with Different intensity of soil erosion has different land-use characteristics. Soil erosion of the study area is moderate mainly, making up 34.59% of the total land area; followed by mild erosion, making up29.59% of the total land area. With the erosion intensity increases, soil erosion area will reduce rapidly.Northern Hilly areas, eastern gentle hilly area and central southern gentle wavy plain areas have different regional extent of soil erosion. Northern Hilly areas has main moderate erosion, the total land area of 39.59 percent, followed by mild erosion, of the total land area of 34.68%; eastern gentle hilly area exists mild erosion, mainly of the total land area of 41.52%, followed by moderate erosion, the total land area of 35.44%; Central southern gentle wavy plain areas has moderate and minor erosion mainly, of the total land area of 27.01%, 25.22%. Gentle slope erosion in eastern hilly region makes the highest proportion of affected land, land erosion intensity in the mild and more , of the total land area of 92.17%; the northern hilly area of soil erosion intensity, moderate intensity and above, the area of land erosion accounts for the total land area of 52.55%.Kangbao County Land Use different degree of soil erosion of arable land is the most serious, above moderate degree; the erosion of forest land is also more serious, mainly in more than mild degree; grassland erosion is relatively small, mainly in less than mild. However, serious pasture degradation indicates that the grass is eroded more seriously. Grassland is China's major land use types in farming-pastoral zone, and its serious soil erosion has a negative impact on the regional ecological environment. Unused land for slightly erosion accounted for more than 73.43 percent; this shows that Kangbao County land use for slightly erosion control has not been effective.

【中文关键词】康保县; 土地利用; 土壤侵蚀; 遥感
【英文关键词】 Kangbao County; land use; soil erosion; remote sensing
【毕业论文目录】
摘要 6-8
Abstract 8-9
第一章绪论 10-18
    1.1 选题背景及研究意义 10-12
    1.2 国内外土壤侵蚀评价研究进展 12-16
        1.2.1 土壤侵蚀相关概念 12-14
        1.2.2 国内土壤侵蚀评价研究进展 14-15
        1.2.3 国外土壤侵蚀评价研究进展 15-16
    1.3 土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究现状 16-18
第二章研究内容、方法和技术路线 18-23
    2.1 研究内容 18
    2.2 研究方法和技术路线 18-21
        2.2.1 土地利用信息提取 18-20
        2.2.2 土壤侵蚀信息提取 20
        2.2.3 土地利用与土壤侵蚀数据整合 20-21
    2.3 技术路线 21-23
第三章研究区概况及数据处理 23-41
    3.1 研究区概况 23-27
        3.1.1 自然地理背景 24-26
        3.1.2 经济概况 26
        3.1.3 农业区的划分 26-27
    3.2 土地利用信息的提取 27-32
        3.2.1 七波段彩色合成 27
        3.2.2 影像矫正 27-28
        3.2.3 检验校对影像的误差大小 28
        3.2.4 研究区土地利用现状图的生成 28-32
    3.3 土壤侵蚀信息提取 32-41
        3.3.1 坡度信息提取 33-35
        3.3.2 植被覆盖度信息提取 35-37
        3.3.3 土壤质地信息提取 37-39
        3.3.4 土壤侵蚀分类分级图的生成 39-41
第四章土地利用与土壤侵蚀的关系 41-51
    4.1 土地利用类型面积变化分析 41
    4.2 土壤侵蚀强度结果分析 41-44
    4.3 土地利用变化与土壤侵蚀的关系分析 44-49
    4.4 分区整治对策 49-51
第五章结论与不足 51-53
    5.1 结论 51-52
    5.2 本研究存在的不足 52-53
参考文献 53-58
致谢 58-59

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