2017高考英语阅读理解练习
obstruction
Under proper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction(障碍). Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and back. Thus, by timing the interval between a sound and its reflection, you can estimate the distance to an obstruction.
During World War II the British used a practical application(应用) of this law to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was near the target. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can make a way through fog and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force always seemed to the puzzled Germans to be surprised.
It was radio echoes(回声) more that anything else that won the Battle of Britain.
Since the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send them(their line of flight, in other words), the device was called radio direction and ranging, and from the initials the word radar was invented.
1. Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to calculate the _____. A. height of the hill B. speed of sound C. distance to the hill D. intensity of sound
2. Radar enabled the English to ______.
A. prevent German planes being on their may to London B. direct the outnumbered RAF planes effectively C. confuse German bomber pilots D. number the Royal Air Force
3. The British used radio waves because they ______. A. were more exact than sound waves B. could not be detected
C. were more useful that sound waves D. were easier to use than sound waves
4. The author of this article probably intended to explain ______. A. exactly how radar works
B. why the British used radio waves in their device C. How radar (word and device) Came to be
D. How radar helped the British win the Battle of Britain
答案：CBCC
industry
The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. The first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy trains running at high speed. Railroad officials wanted to replace them with steel rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty times longer. Before the 1870‘s, however, steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made by a slow and expensive process of heating, stirring, and reheating iron ore.
Then the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered that directing a blast of air at melted iron in a furnace(熔炉) would burn out the impurities(杂质)that made the iron brittle(易脆).As the air shot through the furnace, the bubbling metal would erupt(喷发)in showers of sparks. When the fire cooled, the metal had been changed, or converted, to steel. The Bessemer converter made possible the mass production of steel. Now three to five tons of iron could be changed into steel in a matter of minutes.
Just when the demand for more and more steel developed, prospectors discovered huge new deposits(矿床) of iron ore in the Mesabi Range, a 120-mile-long region in Minnesota near Lake Superior. The Mesabi deposits were so near the surface that they could be mined with steam shovels.
Barges and steamers carried the iron ore through Lake Superior to deposits on the southern shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. With dizzying speed Gary, Indiana and Toledo, Youngstown, and Cleveland, Ohio, became major steel manufacturing centers. Pittsburgh was the greatest steel city of all.
1.The best title for the passage is______.
A. The Railroad Industry B. Famous Inventors C. Changing Iron into Steel D. Steel Manufacturing Centers
2.According to the passage, how did the Bessemer method make the mass production of steel possible?
A. It directed air at melted iron in a furnace, removing all impurities. B. It slowly heated iron ore, then stirred it and heated it again.
C. It changed iron ore into iron, which was a substitute(替代物) for steel. D. It could be quickly found deposits of iron ore under the ground.
3.The furnace that Bessemer used to process iron into steel was called a______.
A. heater B. steamer C. converter D. shower
4.It can be inferred from the passage that the mass production of steel caused______.
A. a decline(衰退) in the railroad industry B. a revolution in the industrial world C. an increase in the price of steel
D. a feeling of discontent among steel workers
答案：CACB
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