下半年大学英语四级阅读模拟题吸烟
阅读是一种主动的过程，是由阅读者根据不同的目的加以调节控制的`,陶冶人们的情操，提升自我修养。以下是小编为大家收集的下半年大学英语四级阅读模拟题吸烟，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
下半年大学英语四级阅读模拟题吸烟 篇1
World's Nonsmokers Take up Fight for Cleaner Air
In country after country, talk of nonsmokers' rights is in the air. This fresh voice is heard from Australia to Sweden. Its force is freeing clean air for nonsmokers—and tightening the situation for smokers.
In west Germany, for instance, taxi drivers—known for their independence—post signs saying "Nicht Raucher"(nonsmoker) and may refuse passengers who insist on smoking. . . Bans in Poland prevent smoking in factories, offices, snack bars, and other public places. . . And Venezuelans can be fined $ 230 to $ 1,000 for smoking in supermarkets, buses, and numerous other places. Many countries also are moving in step to limit tobacco promotion (despite a 7 percent jump in world tobacco production last year) and eliminate the "false claims of the glorification(美化) of smoking as a habit.. . " says Jean de Moerloose of the United Nations World Health Organization.
While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking abuse. Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to cut cigarette consumption.
In many developing nations, however, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress—and is even encouraged.
"While it appears that in developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become stabilized, there are some indications that it is still rising at a steady pace in Latin America," says Dr. Daniel J. Joly, an adviser to the Pan American Health Organization.
Despite progress in segregating (隔离) nonsmokers and smokers, most countries see little change in the number of smokers. In fact, there is a jump in the number of girls and young women starting to smoke.
As more tobacco companies go international, new markets are sought to gain new smokers in developing countries. For example, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africa—where U. S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent last year, according the U. S. Foreign Agriculture Service. So far, any cooperation between tobacco interests and governments' campaigns against smoking has been in the area of tobacco advertising.
Restrictions on cigarette ads, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places, are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing ( 限制) smoking.
But world attention also is focusing on other steps which will:
—make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit by publicizing public awareness of the decline of social acceptability of smoking.
(This method is receiving strong support in the U. S. and other countries. )
—prevent pro-smoking scenes on television and films.
—remove cigarette vending machines.
—provide support for those who want to kick the habit of smoking.
—make it illegal to sell or hand over tobacco products to minors and prohibit smoking in meeting places for young people.
—boost cigarette prices with higher tobacco taxes—and use the money for antismoking campaigns.
At a June UN conference on smoking, a goal set by Sir George E. Godber, chairman of the expert committee on smoking and health for the World Health Organization, stated: " We may not have eliminated cigarette smoking completely by the end of this century, but we ought to have reached a position where relatively few addicts still use cigarettes, but only in private at most in the company of consenting adults. " NATIONS ATTEMPT SOLUTIONS
Here are brief sketches of major or unique attempts around the world to insure nonsmokers' right to smoke-free air and to help smokers quit.
SWEDEN
An ambitious, concerted plan to raise a nation of nonsmokers is being implemented by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare.
Swedish children born after 1975 will grow up in environments that will be nonsmoking and antismoking as much as possible. General cigarette consumption will cut from 1,700 cigarettes a year per person to 1920 level of under 300 cigarettes a year, according to the 25-year plan.
A campaign to restrict tobacco advertising, raise cigarette prices to over $ 2 a pack, remove cigarette vending machines by 1979, ban pro-smoking content in films and television programs, restrict public smoking, and give intensive antismoking education in schools and the military, will promote the goal of a society which "should be so unfavorable toward smoking that smoking could not arise once again as a major factor harmful to public health. "
By Swedish law, life-insurance premiums (保险费 ) are lowered for nonsmokers. WEST GERMANY
An image-reversing advertising campaign began a few years ago in West Germany whereby it is the nonsmoker who is shown to be living the swinging life previously claimed by the cigarette addict.
A government-sponsored program to warn the public about the dangers of smoking includes an attempt to encourage consideration of the nonsmoker at work and in public places. Tobacco television ads were stopped in 1973.
But there are no firm plans at the federal level to ban smoking in public places, although it is being considered as a legislative proposal. Health experts say that the legally required warning on cigarette packages in the United States has not helped. Hence there are strong doubts about strict laws in the whole area of smoking. The governing idea here is to encourage consideration of others. But this angle of attack (moral persuasion) does not rule out legislation. In two of Germany's 11 states there are laws to protect public employees who do not smoke from their smoking fellow workers. "Smoke breaks" are used to separate the smokers and nonsmokers.
"The nonsmoker today is just as much or more respected than the smoker. " Says one health official, "and this is a success in itself. " GREAT BRITAIN
A television advertising ban in 1965, a health warning on tobacco packages begun in 1971, a 20 percent price rise on cigarettes in 1974, and a constant campaign to isolate pubic smoking in airlines, trains, and other public places have fuelled a forceful antismoking and nonsmokers' program in Britain.
In Ireland, an advertising code bans ads emphasizing the pleasure of smoking, featuring conventional heroes of the young as smokers, or implying that it is less harmful to smoke one brand than another.
UNITED STATES
U. S. airlines are subject to $ 1,000 fines for failing to provide a smoke free seat for any passenger who wants one. The Interstate Commerce Commission has made "no smoking" the rule, rather than the exception, on all interstate passenger trains and buses. The Military segregates smokers and no longer distributes cigarette in C rations.
A growing number of restaurants now offer separate areas for nonsmokers. A ban on television and radio cigarette ads, health warnings and restrictions on public smoking in many states and cities make the United States a participant in world nonsmoking and antismoking efforts. The number of U. S. nonsmokers is rising as well.
1. With the world's efforts, more and more smokers have realized the harmful effect of smoking on environment.
2. 30 countries have introduced legislation to restrict smoking, though little has been done in most other countries.
3. The total number of smokers decreases while the number of female smokers increases in most countries.
4. Smokers in Latin America consume more cigarettes than in developed countries.
5. The improved economic situation in developing countries is the explanation of the rising number of smokers there.
6. Both Sweden and Great Britain raised cigarette prices to control the tobacco consumption.
7. The increasing number of nonsmokers in U. S. is the evidence to show that the U. S. antismoking campaign has been successful.
8. Tobacco companies are now getting more profit in______than before.
9. People aboard any flight in U. S. can get a
10. In West Germany, consideration of nonsmokers is ______ in the campaign against smoking.
答案：1. NG 2. Y 3. N 4. N 5. N 6. Y 7. Y 8. in developing countries 9. smoke free seat 10. encouraged
下半年大学英语四级阅读模拟题吸烟 篇2
If you walked into a cafe or pub in the UK a few years ago, chances were you’d enter a room filled withcigarette smoke. Thearomaof burningtobaccolingered on your clothes for the rest of day and your health took a battering frompassive smoking. It’s no wonder that in many countries smoking in public places has now been banned, and those who choose to do it have to inhale on the pavements outside.
Laws restricting where people canlight upand repeated health warnings have seen many peoplequit the habit. But despite a decline in smoking rates worldwide, a report published in the medical journal The Lancet in 2017 found that smoking causes one in ten deaths worldwide, half of them in just four countries - China, India, the US and Russia. When population growth is taken into account, there is actually an increase in the overall number ofsmokers. So why - despite thewarning signs- are these people still doing it?
Much of it seems to be connected to people’s cultural, economic and social background. In the UK, for example, the Office for National Statistics found that people living on a low income are disproportionately likely to smoke. And one in four manual workers smokes, compared with one in ten of those in professional or managerial jobs. Dr Leonie Brose from King's College London, writing about this for the BBC, says there are “startling” regional variations with many more pregnant women smoking in deprived areas. And people with mental health problems are “50% more likely to smoke than the rest of the population”. She suggests these groups can have higher levels of dependence, making it harderto give upand are also more likely to be around other smokers, making it seem like normal behaviour.
Increasing the price of cigarettes and makingpackagingplainer are two ways to discourage smoking; and lower-risknicotine patchesande-cigarettesare available as an alternative, though they can be just asaddictive. It’s obvious something needs to be done and recently the UK government pledged to end smoking in England by 2030 as part of a range of measures to tackle the causes ofpreventableill health. But as Dr Leonie Brose writes, “with more than 200 deaths in England per day [caused by smoking-related diseases,] that’s the equivalent to a plane crashing every day.” Imagine what the number must be globally.
词汇表
cigarette smoke 香烟的烟雾
aroma （烟草的）气味
tobacco 烟草
passive smoking 被动吸烟
inhale 吸入（烟）
light up 点烟
quit the habit 戒除恶习
smoker 吸烟者
warning sign 警告，告诫
to give up 戒掉……
packaging 包装
nicotine patch （贴在皮肤上帮助戒烟的）尼古丁贴片
addictive 使人上瘾的
preventable 可预防的
测试与练习
一、阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What, in general, has persuaded people to stop smoking?
2. According to research, who in the UK is more likely to smoke?
3. True or false? Plainer packaging makes cigarettes more expensive.
4. Why might smoking be totally banned in England by 2030?
5. Which word used by Dr Leonie Brose means ‘very surprising and worrying’?
二、请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. When I visit my local cafe, I love to breath in the _______ of freshly brewed coffee.
inhale tobacco aroma addictive
2. My doctor has told me to lose weight, so I have decided to _______ eating biscuits.
giving up give up given up gave up
3. It’s not fair! I seem to have _______ more work to do than my colleagues.
disproportionately disproportion disproportioned disproportioning
4. Some experts say the power industry’s _______ on coal needs to change to help climate change.
preventable addictive disproportionately dependence
5. One of our investors missed the _______ and lost all his money by investing it on the stock market.
warned signs warning signs warn signs warning sign
答案
一、阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What, in general, has persuaded people to stop smoking?
Laws restricting where people can smoke and repeated health warnings haveseenmany people quit the habit.
2.According to research, who in the UK is more likely to smoke?
The Office for National Statistics found that people living on a low income are disproportionately likely to smoke.
3.True or false? Plainer packaging makes cigarettes more expensive.
False.Increasing the price of cigarettes and making packaging plainer are two ways to discourage smoking.
4. Why might smoking be totally banned in England by 2030?
The UK government want to do thisas part of a range of measures to tackle the causes of preventable ill health – that’s illnesses caused by our own behaviour.
5. Which word used by Dr Leonie Brose means ‘very surprising and worrying’?
Startling. She said that there are “startling” regional variations with many more pregnant women smoking in deprived areas.
二、请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. When I visit my local cafe, I love to breath in thearomaof freshly brewed coffee.
2. My doctor has told me to lose weight, so I have decided togive upeating biscuits.
3. It’s not fair! I seem to havedisproportionatelymore work to do than my colleagues.
4. Some experts say the power industry’sdependenceon coal needs to change to help climate change.
5. One of our investors missed thewarning signsand lost all his money by investing it on the stock market.
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