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商贸文书常见英语翻译错误
导语:在一些由中文翻译的英语样本、合同、广告和其他文件材料中常见一些翻译错误,现仅举几个出现频率较高的例子,试作分析,谨供读者朋友参考。

1.由港澳国际投资公司投资的海口电站工程因其建设速度和质量得到高度评价。
原译文:The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co, Ltd. was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.
注:投资某项工程应为invest in a project,在被动语态中不能漏去前置词in。应译为:
The Haikou Power Station Project invested in(在某些情况下可用financed or funded) by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.
2.上海SFECO拥有5个控股子公司。
原译文:Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies.
注:share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股权的股东公司。上述译文意思是5个公司持有Shanghai SFECO Group的股份,换句话说,这5个公司是“老子”公司,因此显然不符合中文原意。应译为:
Shanghai SFECO Group is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies. 或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies.
3.中国民生银行有限公司
原译文:China Minsheng Banking Corporation, Ltd.
注:corporation本身即为有限公司,相当于limited company,英译中无需再加“Ltd”。应译为:
China Minsheng Banking Corporation
4.项目中标之后,我们将立即开始前期准备工作。
原译文:After the bid is awarded, we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation.
注:项目中标应为accept a bid or award the contract。显然上述译文把两种表达法相混淆了。应译为:
After the bid is accepted (or the contract is awarded), we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation.
5.欢迎您参观我们交易会
原译文:Welcome you to visit our fair!
注:译文中welcome是动词,因此此句是祈使句形式,省略的主语为第二人称你(你们),而不是中文所含的我(我们)之意。应译为:
We welcome you to visit our trade fair!
更简洁而地道的译法是:Welcome to our trade fair!
6.我公司出口工业产品、化工产品、医药等。
原译文:Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines and etc..
注:etc.等于and so on或and others,已含有and的成分,上述译文无需加上and一词。应译为:Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines, etc..
7.我们将委托贵公司作为我公司在毛里求斯的业务代理。
原译文:We hereby entrust your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.
注:entrust一词在作委托解时用法为entrust somebody with something or entrust something to somebody。应译为:
We hereby appoint your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.
8.本合同签订之后,签约双方中任何一方不得将合同内容泄露给第三方。
原译文:Any of the two parties can not divulge the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.
注:双方中任何一方为either of the two parties,三方(或三方以上)中任何一方才用any of the parties,因本句为否定句,应译为:Neither of the two parties can divulge the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.
9.在双方签约之后,各方将严格遵守本协议。
原译文:After this agreement is signed by the two parties, all parties shall strictly abide by it.
注:与上一条相类似,在协议当事方为三方(或三方以上)时,各方为all parties,而当事方为两方时应用both parties。应译为:
After this agreement is signed by the two parties, both parties shall strictly abide by it.
一、术语翻译混淆(商务核心场景)
错误案例:将 “报价单” 译为 price list(正确:quotation sheet)
解析:price list 指 “价目表”(固定标价),quotation sheet 特指 “报价单”(针对具体订单的浮动报价,含有效期、条款)。
错误案例:“付款方式” 译为 payment way(正确:payment terms)
解析:商务场景中 “方式” 需用 terms(含支付期限、币种、方式等完整条款),way 为口语化表达,不正式。
错误案例:“不可抗力” 译为 force majeure 误写为 force major
解析:固定法律术语,源自法语,不可拆分或拼写错误,否则可能影响合同效力。
二、中式思维直译(句式逻辑错误)
错误案例:“本公司概不负责” 译为 Our company doesn’t take any responsibility(正确:We shall not be liable)
解析:商贸文书需用正式法律用语 be liable(承担法律责任),直译过于口语化,缺乏约束力。
错误案例:“请尽快回复” 译为 Please reply as soon as possible(优化:We would appreciate your prompt response)
解析:直译语法正确,但商务沟通需委婉礼貌,prompt 比 as soon as possible 更正式,被动句式更显专业。
错误案例:“如有疑问,请联系我们” 译为 If you have questions, please contact us(优化:Should you have any inquiries, feel free to reach out)
解析:inquiries 是商务场景 “咨询” 的专用词,should 引导的虚拟语气比 if 更正式,符合商贸文书句式习惯。
三、数字与单位翻译失误(财务 / 物流场景)
错误案例:“金额 5000 美元” 译为 5000 USD(正确:USD 5,000 或 US Dollars 5,000)
解析:商贸文书中货币符号需前置,数字每三位加逗号,避免歧义(如 5000 USD 易被误读为 “5000 种货币”)。
错误案例:“交货期 30 天” 译为 delivery time 30 days(正确:delivery period: 30 working days)
解析:需明确 “工作日”(working days)排除节假日,避免工期纠纷;delivery period 比 delivery time 更精准(time 侧重具体时间点,period 侧重周期)。
四、文化差异导致误解(跨文化沟通)
错误案例:“优质服务” 译为 good service(正确:premium service)
解析:西方商务中 good 程度较弱,premium 特指 “高端优质”,符合商贸推广的语义强度。
错误案例:“折扣优惠” 译为 discount preference(正确:discount offer)
解析:preference 指 “优先选择权”(如贸易优惠政策),offer 特指 “促销优惠”,避免混淆政策与商业活动。
错误案例:“诚信经营” 译为 honest management(正确:ethical business practices)
解析:honest 侧重个人品德,商务场景需用 ethical(符合商业道德规范),practices 比 management 更涵盖 “经营行为”。
五、语法与标点错误(影响专业性)
错误案例:“合同自签字之日起生效” 译为 The contract takes effect from the date of signing(正确:The contract shall take effect as of the date of signature)
解析:as of 是商务文书 “自…… 起” 的标准表达,signature(名词)比 signing(动名词)更正式;shall 增强法律约束力。
错误案例:“包括但不限于” 译为 including but not limited to 漏写 to
解析:固定句式,to 不可省略,否则语法残缺,可能导致条款歧义(如 “包括 A、B 但不限于” 误读为 “仅包括 A、B”)。
错误案例:“双方同意以下条款” 译为 Both parties agree the following terms(正确:Both parties agree to the following terms)
解析:agree 为不及物动词,需加介词 to 接宾语,语法错误会削弱条款的正式性与法律效力。
六、商务信函格式错误(文体规范)
错误案例:将 “敬启者” 译为 Dear Sir(正确:Dear Sir/Madam 或 To Whom It May Concern)
解析:未知收件人时,Sir/Madam 覆盖性别,To Whom It May Concern 更通用,避免性别歧视风险。
错误案例:结尾敬语用 Best regards 搭配正式商务信函(正确:Sincerely 或 Yours faithfully)
解析:Best regards 用于非正式沟通,正式商贸信函(如合同、询价函)需用 Sincerely(已知收件人)或 Yours faithfully(未知收件人)。
七、关键信息遗漏(核心条款风险)
错误案例:“报价有效期 7 天” 译为 The quotation is valid for 7 days(补充:The quotation is valid for 7 working days from the date of issue)
解析:遗漏 “签发日期”(from the date of issue)和 “工作日”,易导致双方对有效期计算产生分歧。
错误案例:“货物质量符合行业标准” 译为 The goods’ quality meets industry standards(补充:The goods shall comply with the relevant industry standards (GB/T XXXX))
解析:商贸文书需明确标准编号(如国标、国际标准),comply with 比 meets 更具法律约束力,避免模糊表述。
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