下半年翻译考试高级笔译备考练习（含答案）
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下半年翻译考试高级笔译备考练习含答案 1
1. 今年是中国加入世贸组织10周年。
This year marks the tenth anniversary of China’s accession to the WTO
点评：
我们重点强调过这个句式：把汉语中的时间状语译成英语中的名词主语，用see/find/witness/mark来连接后面的句子，这是英语书面表达的一个典型句式。如：2008年中国举办了第29届奥运会。The year 2008 witnessed/marked the 29th Olympic Games in China. 我们的学员应该对该句式非常熟悉。
2. 10年来，中国平均关税水平从15.3%降至9.8%，达到并超过了世贸组织对发展中国家的要求
China’s economy has made significant advance and its contribution to the world economic growth has been growing. China’s average tariff level has dropped from 15.3 percent to 9.8 percent, which has reached or surpassed the WTO requirements for developing countries.
点评：
该句中“达到并超过了世贸组织对发展中国家的要求”是描述前边这个句子的整体含义，因此要使用非限定性定语从句加以概括，而这也是我们在授课过程中反复强调并练习的句式。并且考生在翻译此句时还要注意同近义词的辨析：exceed, surpass, go beyond, top作为动词使用的差异。
3. 着力稳物价、调结构、保民生、促和谐
with focus on stabilizing prices, adjusting the economic structure, ensuring people’s well-being, and promoting harmony.
点评：
汉语中习惯以名词短语并列使用，强调字数对等对称。我们讲过这样的句式：如，这里气候温和，四季分明，雨量充沛，日照充足。译为：This area enjoys mild climate, distinct seasons, ample rainfall as well as sufficient sunshine.尽可能保持译文的用词数量基本对等的原则。
4. 继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，
maintain a balance between achieving steady and fast economic growth, adjusting the economic structure and managing inflation expectation
点评：
“处理好。的关系”，可能考生会看到“关系”二字，就马上联想到“relationship”，实际上，在英语中“关系”可以有很多种译法，取决于上下文的照应和内含。在这句话中“between…and…”即可表达此意，再加上“保持”做其动词，就应顺理成章地译为答案中所给的句子。
5. 中国经济保持平稳较快发展，对世界经济发展无疑将是有利的。
Continued steady and fast economic growth in China will serve the interest of global economic growth.
点评：
该句的考点有两个：一。“经济保持平稳较快发展” 考查英语中词序问题。“发展”或“增长”是被修饰对象，其前面有几个定语修饰词：保持的，经济的，平稳的，较快的。我们曾多次强调过英语中的词序与汉语中词序的错位现象并告诉学员一个口诀：限，所，序，基，品，规，新;旧，颜，国，地，民，材，用。每个汉字代表了一种词类。二。“对。是有利的”：我们在汉译英中重点突出了汉语中“是”字在英语中的8种不同的译法，如：serve (as), function as, act as, represent, feature, characterize, mark, signify, pose, constitute以及用介词as,或使用同位语方式的表达法。
6、Have we merely carried our animal need for shrewd perceptions to an absurd extreme? Or have we stumbled onto a deep congruence between the structure of our minds and the structure of the universe?
这一切究竟来源于何?仅仅是我们将本能的`敏锐感知力推向了荒谬的极致，还是我们不经意间摸索到了扎根于人类思想和苍茫万物间那深刻的一致性?
I am persuaded the latter is true. I am convinced theres more to beauty than biology, more than cultural convention. It flows around and through us in such abundance, and in such myriad forms, as to exceed by a wide margin any mere evolutionary need. Which is not to say that beauty has nothing to do with survival: I think it has everything to do with survival. Beauty feeds us from the same source that created us.
我相信后者是正确的。我坚信美不仅仅存在于生物学和文化习俗中。美我们身边流淌，充盈、润泽着我们的心田;而其量之充沛，形态之多变已经远远超越了进化本身的需要。我这样说并不意味着美和生存毫无干系;恰恰相反，我相信美和生存之间有着千丝万缕的联系。如果说是自然造就了我们，那么，是美通过自然滋养了我们。
7、The establishment and development of china’s socialist market economy requires the reform and improvement in our soial welfare and security system, which in turn places higher expectations on the work of community service.With the transformation of governmental functions, much of the work involving social services that was initially undertaken by the government will have to be transferred gradually to social groups and non-governmental organizations. On the one hand, the government will shoulder great responsibilities in its macro-management; and on the other hand, social groups and non-governmental organizations will need to involve themselves more in community service. Consequently, there has emerged an issue which concerns the way of a close collaboration and the division of responsibilities between the government and social groups, in order to further the development of community service.
我们社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展，要求我们改革和完善社会福利保障体制，从而对社会服务提出了更高的要求。随着政府职能的转变，原来由政府包揽的许多社会服务工作，有相当一部分将逐步转移到社会团体和民间组织。一方面，政府的宏观管理责任将会变得更加重大。另一方面，社会团体和民间组织有必要参与更多的社区服务工作。这样就提出一个课题：政府和社会团体如何密切合作，如何分工协作，更好地推进社区服务事业。
8、It reminds us of the shaping power that reaches through the flower stem and through our own hands. It restores our faith in the generosity of nature. By giving us a taste of the kinship between our own small minds and the great Mind of the Cosmos, beauty reassures us that we are exactly and wonderfully made for life on this glorious planet, in this magnificent universe. I find in that affinity a profound source of meaning and hope. A universe so prodigal of beauty may actually need us to notice and respond, may need our sharp eyes and brimming hearts and teeming minds, in order to close the circuit of Creation.
无论是一朵花或是一双手，都让我们联想到美的创造力量。美让我们重拾信念---相信自然对于我们的无私恩惠与慷慨。美在人类渺小的心灵和宇宙伟大的精魂之间，化身为一座沟通的桥梁，并以此让我们不再怀疑：在这片恢宏的宇宙中，在这颗璀璨的星球上，人类的存在实为天工之作，神明之意。宇宙和人类对于美的共识，给予我生存的意义与希望。我们的宇宙中，美无处不在;她等待着我们敏锐的眼睛、充实的心灵，和泉涌般的智慧，去发现美，去回应美，由此成全造物的圆满。
下半年翻译考试高级笔译备考练习含答案 2
一、英译中练习
练习1：政经题材
原文：The global economic recovery remains uneven and fragile, with emerging markets and developing economies facing heightened challenges including capital outflows, currency depreciation and soaring commodity prices. Multilateral cooperation is more crucial than ever to address these common issues. Countries should adhere to the principle of mutual benefit and win-win results, oppose trade protectionism and unilateralism, and work together to build an open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial economic globalization. The G20, as the premier forum for international economic cooperation, should play a leading role in coordinating global economic policies, promoting financial stability and fostering sustainable development.
参考译文：全球经济复苏态势依然不均衡、脆弱不堪，新兴市场和发展中经济体面临资本外流、货币贬值、大宗商品价格飙升等多重挑战，形势日趋严峻。应对这些共性问题，多边合作比以往任何时候都更为关键。各国应秉持互利共赢原则，反对贸易保护主义和单边主义，共同推动构建开放、包容、平衡、普惠的经济全球化格局。二十国集团（G20）作为国际经济合作的主要论坛，应发挥引领作用，协调全球经济政策，促进金融稳定，推动可持续发展。
解析：1. 关键词处理：“uneven and fragile”译为“不均衡、脆弱不堪”，采用并列形容词强化语义；“heightened challenges”结合语境译为“挑战日趋严峻”，避免直译“高度挑战”；“mutual benefit and win-win results”固定译为“互利共赢”，符合政经文本表达习惯。2. 句式调整：原文含多个介词短语作状语，译文重构为中文短句结构，如“with emerging markets...”译为独立分句“新兴市场和发展中经济体面临......”，更符合中文表达逻辑。3. 专有名词规范：“G20”补充全称“二十国集团”，首次出现标注，符合笔译规范。
练习2：文化题材
原文：Cultural heritage is not only a witness to the historical development of a nation but also a treasure of human civilization. Intangible cultural heritage, in particular, such as traditional crafts, folk music and dance, carries the spiritual connotation and cultural genes of a nation. In recent years, with the acceleration of globalization and urbanization, many intangible cultural heritage items are facing the risk of extinction due to the loss of inheritors and the impact of modern culture. It is everyones responsibility to protect and inherit intangible cultural heritage. We should adopt innovative methods to promote its vitality, such as integrating it with modern design and digital technology, so that it can be passed down from generation to generation.
参考译文：文化遗产不仅是一个民族历史发展的见证，更是人类文明的'瑰宝。非物质文化遗产尤其如此，诸如传统手工艺、民间音乐舞蹈等，承载着一个民族的精神内涵与文化基因。近年来，随着全球化和城市化进程加快，诸多非物质文化遗产项目因传承人流失、现代文化冲击而面临消亡风险。保护和传承非物质文化遗产是每个人的责任。我们应采用创新方式激发其生命力，例如将其与现代设计、数字技术相结合，使其得以代代相传。
解析：1. 语义强化：“not only...but also...”译为“不仅......更是......”，增强递进关系；“treasure”译为“瑰宝”，比“财富”更贴合文化语境。2. 指代明确：“it”指代“intangible cultural heritage”，译文根据中文习惯补全为“非物质文化遗产”，避免歧义。3. 动态表达：“promote its vitality”译为“激发其生命力”，“promote”此处不宜直译“促进”；“integrating it with...”译为“将其与......相结合”，符合中文动宾搭配习惯。
二、中译英练习
练习1：科技题材
原文：近年来，中国在人工智能、大数据、云计算等新兴技术领域取得了显著进展，数字经济规模持续扩大，成为推动经济增长的新引擎。人工智能技术已广泛应用于医疗、教育、交通、金融等多个领域，极大地提高了生产效率和服务质量。同时，中国高度重视科技伦理和数据安全，出台了一系列法律法规和政策措施，规范新兴技术的发展和应用。未来，中国将继续坚持创新驱动发展战略，加强国际科技合作，共同攻克核心技术难题，为人类科技进步贡献中国智慧和中国方案。
参考译文：In recent years, China has made remarkable progress in emerging technological fields such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data and cloud computing. The scale of the digital economy has continued to expand, becoming a new engine driving economic growth. AI technology has been widely applied in various fields including medical care, education, transportation and finance, greatly improving production efficiency and service quality. Meanwhile, China attaches great importance to technological ethics and data security, having issued a series of laws, regulations and policy measures to standardize the development and application of emerging technologies. In the future, China will continue to adhere to the innovation-driven development strategy, strengthen international scientific and technological cooperation, jointly tackle core technological challenges, and contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to the progress of human science and technology.
解析：1. 专有名词规范：“人工智能”译为“artificial intelligence (AI)”，首次出现标注缩写，便于后续指代；“创新驱动发展战略”固定译为“innovation-driven development strategy”。2. 句式优化：中文多短句并列，译文整合为复合句，如“数字经济规模持续扩大，成为推动经济增长的新引擎”译为“The scale of the digital economy has continued to expand, becoming a new engine...”，用现在分词短语作状语，符合英文句式逻辑。3. 动词搭配：“高度重视”译为“attaches great importance to”；“出台”译为“issued”，贴合政策文本表达；“攻克难题”译为“tackle challenges”，为高频固定搭配。
练习2：生态题材
原文：生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。中国坚持绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，大力推进生态文明建设，加大生态环境保护力度，取得了举世瞩目的成就。全国森林覆盖率持续提升，空气质量和水环境质量明显改善，生物多样性保护成效显著。面对全球气候变化的严峻挑战，中国积极履行大国责任，制定了碳达峰、碳中和目标，推动能源结构转型升级，发展可再生能源，为全球生态环境治理贡献了重要力量。
参考译文：The construction of ecological civilization is a fundamental plan crucial to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. Adhering to the philosophy that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, China has vigorously promoted the construction of ecological civilization and strengthened ecological and environmental protection, achieving remarkable accomplishments recognized worldwide. The national forest coverage rate has continued to rise, air and water quality have significantly improved, and remarkable progress has been made in biodiversity conservation. Faced with the severe challenges of global climate change, China has actively fulfilled its responsibilities as a major country, formulated the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, promoted the transformation and upgrading of the energy structure, and developed renewable energy, making important contributions to global ecological and environmental governance.
解析：1. 核心理念翻译：“绿水青山就是金山银山”固定译为“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”，为官方标准译法。2. 句式重构：中文开篇总起句“生态文明建设是......根本大计”，译文补充“crucial to”强化语义逻辑；“取得了举世瞩目的成就”译为“achieving remarkable accomplishments recognized worldwide”，用过去分词短语补充说明“成就”的认可度，避免直译“attracted worldwide attention”。3. 术语规范：“碳达峰、碳中和”译为“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”；“可再生能源”译为“renewable energy”，符合国际通用表达。
下半年翻译考试高级笔译备考练习含答案 3
一、英译汉练习
练习1：法律文本
原文：The company failed to conduct adequate due diligence before acquiring the target firm, which led to potential legal disputes and financial losses. The board of directors has approved the establishment of a special investigation team to assess the liability of relevant personnel and formulate remedial measures.
参考译文：该公司在收购目标公司前未开展充分的尽职调查，由此引发潜在法律纠纷及财务损失。董事会已批准成立特别调查组，以评估相关人员的责任并制定补救措施。
解析：1. 核心术语："due diligence" 为法律及商业领域高频术语，固定译为"尽职调查"，需注意其在并购场景中的精准对应；"liability" 此处指"法律责任"，区别于"responsibility"的泛化含义。2. 句式处理：原文含非限制性定语从句，中文采用分句译法，将"which led to..."译为独立短句，符合中文多用短句的表达习惯；"to assess...and formulate..." 译为并列动宾结构，保持逻辑连贯。
练习2：经济文本
原文：The global economic recovery has been hampered by geopolitical tensions, rising inflation, and labor market disruptions. Many countries have adopted proactive fiscal and monetary policies to stabilize economic growth and protect peoples livelihoods.
参考译文：地缘政治紧张局势、通胀高企及劳动力市场波动已阻碍全球经济复苏。多国已采取积极的财政和货币政策，以稳定经济增长并保障民生。
解析：1. 术语积累："geopolitical tensions" 译为"地缘政治紧张局势"；"fiscal and monetary policies" 固定译为"财政和货币政策"；"labor market disruptions" 结合语境译为"劳动力市场波动"更贴合中文经济表述。2. 语态转换：原文被动语态"has been hampered" 转为中文主动语态"已阻碍"，符合中文表达逻辑；"to stabilize...and protect..." 译为目的'状语"以......"，清晰传递政策目标。
练习3：文化文本
原文：The concept of "harmony between man and nature" is deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture, emphasizing the interdependence and mutual respect between humans and the natural world. This philosophy has been embodied in various forms of intangible cultural heritage, such as traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, and tea ceremony.
参考译文："天人合一"理念深深植根于中国传统文化，强调人与自然的相互依存与相互尊重。这一哲学思想体现在多种非物质文化遗产形式中，如中国传统绘画、书法和茶道。
解析：1. 文化负载词处理："harmony between man and nature" 采用中文文化特有表述"天人合一"，并保留引号凸显文化概念；"tea ceremony" 译为"茶道"，传递其文化内涵而非字面意义"茶仪式"。2. 逻辑衔接："emphasizing" 译为现在分词短语作后置定语，中文转为动宾结构"强调......"；"has been embodied" 译为主动语态"体现在......"，增强文本感染力。
练习4：科技文本
原文：The experiment was conducted by the research team last month to explore the feasibility of using renewable energy to power smart cities. Preliminary results show that this technology can reduce carbon emissions by 30% and improve energy utilization efficiency significantly.
参考译文：该研究团队于上月开展此项实验，旨在探索利用可再生能源为智慧城市供电的可行性。初步结果显示，该技术可减少30%的碳排放，并显著提升能源利用效率。
解析：1. 被动语态处理：科技文本多被动语态，原文"The experiment was conducted by..." 译为主动语态"该研究团队于上月开展此项实验"，明确动作主体；"can reduce...and improve..." 保持并列结构，符合中文科技文本的严谨性。2. 术语精准性："renewable energy" 译为"可再生能源"；"smart cities" 译为"智慧城市"；"energy utilization efficiency" 译为"能源利用效率"，均为科技领域标准表述。
二、汉译英练习
练习1：政府工作报告类
原文：我们承诺将以诚信为本，持续优化产品性能，确保用户获得卓越体验。同时，积极履行社会责任，推动绿色生产，为实现碳达峰、碳中和目标贡献力量。
参考译文：We commit to prioritizing integrity, continuously optimizing product performance to ensure users an excellent experience. Meanwhile, we will actively fulfill social responsibilities, promote green production, and contribute to the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.
解析：1. 核心表达："以诚信为本" 译为"prioritizing integrity" 更符合英文商业语境，区别于字面直译"taking integrity as the foundation"；"碳达峰、碳中和" 采用国际通用表述"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"。2. 句式优化：中文多并列短句，英文通过现在分词短语"continuously optimizing..." 衔接逻辑，将"确保用户获得卓越体验"译为目的状语；"推动绿色生产" 译为动宾短语"promote green production"，保持英文句式简洁。
练习2：文化宣传类
原文：本次展览将展示中国非遗传承人的匠心之作，包括传统剪纸、陶瓷烧制和木雕技艺。通过这些作品，观众可以感受中国传统文化的独特魅力和传承人的坚守与创新。
参考译文：This exhibition will showcase the exquisite works of Chinese intangible cultural heritage inheritors, including traditional paper-cutting, ceramic firing and wood carving techniques. Through these works, audiences can appreciate the unique charm of traditional Chinese culture and the inheritors perseverance and innovation.
解析：1. 术语翻译："非遗传承人" 译为"intangible cultural heritage inheritors"；"匠心之作" 译为"exquisite works" 传递工艺精湛的内涵；"剪纸、陶瓷烧制、木雕技艺" 采用固定译法"paper-cutting, ceramic firing, wood carving techniques"。2. 情感传递："感受" 译为"appreciate" 更贴合文化鉴赏场景；"坚守与创新" 译为"perseverance and innovation"，精准对应传承人的双重特质。
练习3：外交辞令类
原文：我们愿在相互尊重的前提下，与各国开展建设性对话，共同应对气候变化、公共卫生安全等全球性挑战。
参考译文：We stand ready to engage in constructive dialogue with all countries on the premise of mutual respect, and work together to address global challenges such as climate change and public health security.
解析：1. 固定表达："愿......" 采用外交常用句式"We stand ready to..."；"在相互尊重的前提下" 译为"on the premise of mutual respect"，符合外交文本正式性；"建设性对话" 译为"constructive dialogue" 为固定搭配。2. 逻辑衔接："共同应对" 译为"work together to address"，"address" 在此处指"应对、解决"，比"solve" 更贴合国际事务语境。
练习4：社会民生类
原文：政务公开深入推进，政府重大决策和政策以多种形式向社会广泛征求意见。信访工作制度不断完善，有效保障了群众的合法权益。
参考译文：We have taken thorough steps to increase transparency in government operations, and used multiple means to widely solicit public opinions on major government decisions and policies. The system for handling public complaints has been continuously improved, effectively safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the people.
解析：1. 官方术语："政务公开" 译为"increase transparency in government operations"；"信访工作制度" 固定译为"the system for handling public complaints"；"合法权益" 译为"legitimate rights and interests"。2. 语态选择：中文多用主动语态，英文政务文本采用被动语态"The system...has been continuously improved"，增强表述客观性；"有效保障了......" 译为"effectively safeguarding..."，用现在分词短语作结果状语，衔接自然。
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