托福写作素材之清明节

时间：2023-01-22 16:38:26 托福(TOEFL) 我要投稿

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托福写作素材之清明节

　　引导语：托福写作素材之清明节，由应届毕业生培训网整理而成，谢谢您的阅读

托福写作素材之清明节

　　一、清明：今天你最怀念谁?

　　Celebrated two weeks after the vernal equinox, Tomb Sweeping Day is one of the few traditional Chinese holidays that follows the solar calendar-- typically falling on April 4, 5, or 6.

　　Its Chinese name "Qing Ming" literally means "Clear Brightness," hinting at its importance as a celebration of Spring. Similar to the spring festivals of other cultures, Tomb Sweeping Day celebrates the rebirth of nature, while marking the beginning of the planting season and other outdoor activities.

　　Qing Ming Jie in Ancient Times

　　In ancient times, people celebrated Qing Ming Jie with dancing, singing, picnics, and kite flying. Colored boiled eggs would be broken to symbolize the opening of life. In the capital, the Emperor would plant trees on the palace grounds to celebrate the renewing nature of spring. In the villages, young men and women would court each other.

　　The Tomb Sweeping Day as Celebrated Today

　　With the passing of time, this celebration of life became a day to the honor past ancestors. Following folk religion, the Chinese believed that the spirits of deceased ancestors looked after the family. Sacrifices of food and spirit money could keep them happy, and the family would prosper through good harvests and more children.

　　Today, Chinese visit their family graves to tend to any underbrush that has grown. Weeds are pulled, and dirt swept away, and the family will set out offerings of food and spirit money. Unlike the sacrifices at a family's home altar, the offerings at the tomb usually consist of dry, bland food. One theory is that since any number of ghosts rome around a grave area, the less appealing food will be consumed by the ancestors, and not be plundered by strangers.

　　Honoring Ancestors

　　Honoring ancestors begins with proper positioning of a gravesite and coffin. Experts in feng shui, or geomancy, determine the quality of land by the surrounding aspects of streams, rivers, trees, hills, and so forth. An area that faces south, with groves of pine trees creates the best flow of cosmic energy required to keep ancestors happy. Unfortunately, nowadays, with China's burgeoning population, public cemetaries have quickly surplanted private gravesites. Family elders will visit the gravesite at least once a year to tend to the tombs.

　　While bland food is placed by the tombs on Qing Ming Jie, the Chinese regularly provide scrumptious offerings to their ancestors at altar tables in their homes. The food usually consists of chicken, eggs, or other dishes a deceased ancestor was fond of. Accompanied by rice, the dishes and eating utensils are carefully arranged so as to bring good luck. Sometimes, a family will put burning incense with the offering so as to expedite the transfer of nutritious elements to the ancestors. In some parts of China, the food is then eaten by the entire family.

　　Kites

　　Besides the traditions of honoring the dead, people also often fly kits on Tomb Sweeping Day. Kites can come in all kinds of shapes, sizes, and colors. Designs could include frogs, dragonflies, butterflies, crabs, bats, and storks.

　　二、清明节古诗词英文介绍

　　《清明》

　　(唐)杜牧

　　清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。

　　借问酒家何处有?牧童遥指杏花村。

　　吴钧陶英译(韵式aaba)

　　It drizzles thick and fast on the Pure Brightness Day,

　　I travel with my heart lost in dismay.

　　"Is there a public house somewhere, cowboy?"

　　He points at Apricot Village faraway.

　　许渊冲英译(韵式aabb)

　　A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;

　　The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.

　　Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?

　　A cowherd points to a cot 'mid apricot flowers.

　　蔡廷干英译(韵式aabb)

　　The rain falls thick and fast on All Souls' Day,

　　The men and women sadly move along the way.

　　They ask where wineshops can be found or where to rest ----

　　And there the herdboy's fingers Almond-Town suggest.

　　《清明》诗多种译本

　　孙大雨英译(韵式aaba)

　　Upon the Clear-and-Bright Feast of spring, the rain drizzleth down in spray.

　　Pedestrians on countryside ways, in gloom are pinning away.

　　When asked "Where a tavern fair for rest, is hereabouts to be found",

　　The shepherd boy the Apricot Bloom Vill, doth point to afar and say.

　　杨宪益、戴乃迭英译(无韵译法)

　　It drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring,

　　Travelers along the road look gloomy and miserable.

　　When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern,

　　He points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms.

　　万昌盛、王中英译(韵式aabb)

　　The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day,

　　So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way.

　　When asked where could be found a tavern bower,

　　A cowboy points to yonder village of the apricot flower.

　　吴伟雄英译(韵式aabb)

　　It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Day,

　　The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.

　　When asked for a wineshop to drown his sad hours?

　　A cowboy points to a hamlet amid apricot flowers

　　三、清明节网上葬礼 online funeral

　　Online funerals or burials would not retain the ashes, but set up an online cemetery and memorialize the deceased by posting an obituary and funeral messages.

　　网上葬礼不会保留骨灰，而是建立一个网上墓地，通过发布讣闻和悼念信息来纪念死者。

　　在上面的报道中，online funeral即“网上葬礼”。现代人的生活节奏越来越快，再加上资源稀缺，连葬礼都推出了一切从简的网上版本。Funeral除了可以表示“葬礼”外，还可以表示“(事物)的终止”，在口语中还有“麻烦事，倒霉事”的意思。请看例子：plan the funeral of the opposition party(计划取缔反对党);If you get lost in the desert, that’s your funeral.(如果你在沙漠中迷路，那你可要倒霉了。)

　　如果实行了网上葬礼，那么就不再需要cremation urn(骨灰盒)，mourning ceremony(哀悼仪式)也可以从简，取而代之的是online tribute(网上悼念)。现在的埋葬方式主要有三种，inhumation(土葬)、cremation(火葬)和 sea-burial(海葬)。比较特别的方式有boat-coffin burial(船棺葬)、tree burial(树葬)，一般多见于少数民族地区。

　　四、清明节的风俗习惯

　　Qingming Festival is a time of many different activities, among which the main ones are tomb sweeping, taking a spring outing, flying kites. Some other lost customs like wearing willow branches on the head and riding on swings have added infinite joy in past days. The festival is a combination of sadness and happiness, perhaps bittersweet.

　　Tomb Sweeping or Ancestor Worshipping 扫墓

　　The major custom in Qingming Festival is tomb sweeping. According to folk religion, the spirits of deceased ancestors still live underground and look after the family; the tombs are said to be their houses; thus it is very important to keep the tombs clean.

　　The Qingming Festival is spent honoring the dead, which is one of many ways good Confucians demonstrate filial piety. On this day, people visit their family graves to remove any underbrush that has grown. They would uproot weeds near the gravesites, wipe the tombstones and decorate the tombstones with fresh flowers. And then they will set out offerings of food and paper money.

　　五、清明节的起源

　　Qingming Festival, also known as Pure Brightness Festival or Tomb-sweeping Day, is one of the 24 segments of the Chinese calendar. It normally falls on the 4th or 5th of April, between spring plowing and summer weeding, and is a time to pay respects to one's ancestors and to tidy their gravesite. On this day, whole families, young and old, go to the gravesite of deceased family members to burn incense and perform a ritual offering while clearing away plant overgrowth from the gravesite.

　　Qingming Festival is when Chinese people visit the graves or burial grounds of their ancestors. Traditionally, people brought a whole rooster with them to the graves visited but the occasion has become less formal over time. The festival originated from Hanshi Day (寒食节, literally, Day with cold food only), a memorial day for Jie Zitui (介子推, or Jie Zhitui). Jie Zitui died in 636 BC in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was one of many followers of Duke Wen of Jin before he became a duke. Once, during Wen's 19 years of exile, they had no food and Jie prepared some meat soup for Wen. Wen enjoyed it a lot and wondered where Jie had obtained the soup. It turned out Jie had cut a piece of meat from his own thigh to make the soup. Wen was so moved he promised to reward him one day. However, Jie was not the type of person who sought rewards. Instead, he just wanted to help Wen to return to Jin to become king. Once Wen became duke, Jie resigned and stayed away from him. Duke Wen rewarded the people who helped him in the decades, but for some reason he forgot to reward Jie, who by then had moved into the forest with his mother. Duke Wen went to the forest, but could not find Jie. Heeding suggestions from his officials, Duke Wen ordered men to set the forest on fire to force out Jie. However, Jie died in the fire. Feeling remorseful, Duke Wen ordered three days without fire to honour Jie's memory. The county where Jie died is still called Jiexiu (介休, literally "the place Jie rests forever").

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