2018英语专四阅读练习及答案汇总
应届毕业生网小编为大家整理了2018英语专四阅读练习及答案5篇汇总，供各位考生参考。
成长与家庭危机
Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.
Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can, hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.
Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.
1. According to the passage, children would arouse parents' disappointment for
A. admiring their friends' homes.
B. talking back to their parents.
C. complaining home-made dishes.
D. making some spiteful remark.
2. When adolescents feel disillusion with their parents, it means that they
A. feel disappointed with their parents.
B. are developing into maturity.
C. just want to hurt their parents.
D. are expressing their discontentment.
3. Adolescents in Victorian times
A. had shown more respect for parents than today.
B. always answered back to deal with the problem.
C. admired the authoritarian attitude of their parents.
D. were too afraid to tell what they really thought.
4. What is the tone of the passage?
A. Critical.
B. Humorous.
C. Serious.
D. Ambiguous.
5. What does this passage mainly discuss?
A. Children will become more and more mature when growing up.
B. Parents have to change their ways in educating their children.
C. The conflicts between parents and their children are inevitable.
D. Parents have made mistakes in communication with children.
答案解析：
1.[A]细节判断题。根据题干中的arouse parents’disappointment及各选项内容定位到第1段。第1段指出，家长听到孩子赞扬朋友的家就会感到不安，常常误以为孩子是在抱怨家里的饭菜、清洁等。据此分析，A为正确选项;C是父母自己的推测，并不是孩子本意，所以C可排除。文中指出，家长甚至责备孩子不忠，或是讲些孩子朋友父母的坏话，故D应予排除。B“与父母顶嘴”找不到原文依据。
2.[B]细节判断题。根据题干中的feel disillusion定位到第2段。本题考查孩子对父母幻想破灭的本质。文中指出，如果父母确实了解孩子的这一看法，就会知道这意味着孩子此时正处在走向成熟的阶段……因此B符合原文的意思。根据原文，孩子对家长幻想的破灭是孩子不断成熟的表现，A、D都是孩子对家长幻想破灭的表象，不是问题的实质， 应予以排除;父母了解孩子这一反应的实质之后就不会感到难过，可见孩子并不是故意伤害父母.因而C也应予以排除。
3.[D]细节判断题。 根据题干中的Victorian times定位到末段。文中明确指出，维多利亚时代的父母之所以可以镇住孩子，倒不是因为孩子崇尚无理的权威，而是他们被这样的气势吓得不敢说实话。据此，D的表述与原文相符，为应选答案，同时排除B、C。维多利亚时代的孩子对于父母的尊敬还建立在屈服的基础之上，不能因此就判断他们比现在的孩子更多尊敬父母。据此分析，A也应排除。
4.[C]文章基调题。本文主要叙述了孩子在青春发育过程中的变化及其实质，父母和孩子之间出现的常见问题和应对措施，并指出处理不当可能带来的危害和不良后果。鉴于本文论述严谨。观点明确，所以可以判断文章的基本论调是“严肃”的，因此C为应选答案。文章 虽然提到父母有错误和不足，但同时也提出了解决的建议和方法，因而本文也不是批判性质的，A也应予排除。
5.[B]全文主旨题。本文讲述青少年成长过程中的一些变化，分析家长应该怎样正确予以看待并提出正确教育孩子的一些建议。由此可知，B为本题答案。孩子逐渐走向成熟以及他们与父母发生冲突都是本文的部分内容，不能代替全文的内容，因此A、C应排除;本文不仅提到D的内容，还提出了解决建议，因而D也是片面的，应予以排除。
差异性
What comes to mind when you hear the word--diversity? Issues of race or gender may spring to mind.Equal rights? Or minority issues?
I encourage people to look at a much wider definition of the word.1 would tend to say diversity is “differentness” in any form.A good example of this kind of diversity has been experienced by every person who ever left behind the comforts of home and moved into uncharted territory.Issues of diversity are informed not only by your cultural background and context，but also by your religion，age，field of work，family situation， personality，and countless other factors that make us unique.Diversity affects everyone.
It’s for this reason that diversity has become such a buzz word.The buzz happens because it’s all about how you handle it.It’s very much like the job a composer has when creating a great musical composition.If the composer understands what each unique note and dynamic mark is capable of in combination with the other parts，the result achieved is extraordinary.If, however，none of the parts is communicating with the others，we’re left with a cacophony(刺耳的声音).
On a personal level.it’s this understanding and acceptance of “the other” which rests at the core of diversity.Whether we’re talking about navigating through a multicultural urban environment or uprooting and moving to a new foreign social context，it is necessary to set aside rigid assumptions about “the other” and put oneself in the other's shoes. So how do we make this leap? It's often as simple as asking questions and being careful not to assume that what you see is necessarily what the other side sees.
Often in my workshops I give a magic lesson to the audience to illustrate this principle. I first present the magic and accomplish the "impossible". The participants receive the same props but simply can't manage. We look more carefully at the situation and realize that the assumptions they made about it actually blocked them from achieving this feat; a feat they suddenly are empowered to do which, moments ago, was impossible.
The goal in being sensitive to diversity is to cultivate a culture of respect for people's differences and understand that such an environment is beneficial to everyone involved.
Diversity awareness is an evolution. We can't get there by snapping our fingers, and it isn't a matter of training people to have textbook politically correct attitudes. Instead it's a case of looking at the big picture of how we see the world, understanding why we see it that way, and then making sure we do our part to genuinely value difference and benefit from it.
1. According to the author, diversity is
A. confusing.
B. extraordinary.
C. quite common.
D. universal.
2. "It" in Paragraph Three refers to
A. diversity.
B. the buzz.
C. how to handle diversity.
D. the formation of diversity.
3. The author believes that
A. to handle diversity one should put himself in others' shoes.
B. when you are in a foreign environment, do as the Romans do.
C. diversity can hardly be defined.
D. diversity derives from cultural difference.
4. The example of a magic lesson is to show
A. everyone can do magic.
B. magic is nothing but a feat.
C. what blocks people from handling diversity.
D. it is possible to achieve anything.
5. How to raise diversity awareness according to the author?
A. By living in an unfamiliar environment.
B. By having politically correct attitudes.
C. By being sensitive to everything one experiences.
D. By understanding people's differences.
答案解析：
1.[D]细节判断题。第2段有对该词的定义，从any form，every person，not only…but als0等这些词可推断“差异性”具有普遍性，故选D。C为强干扰项，common偏指普通的，常见的.，注意这里更强调的是“差异性”的普遍性。
2.[C]代词指代题。考查It所指代的对象。查找到It所在的句子，前句指出“差异性之所以时髦是因为它取决于你如何对待它”，然后就指出“这就好 像作曲家在创作一首伟大的乐曲一样”，故It在此指代的就是如何对待差异性的问题，故选C。D有一定的干扰性，但差异性的形成并没有在It前面提到，故排除。
3.[A]观点态度题。由第4段倒数第3句可知A正确，该段还提到搬迁到一个陌生的社会环境必须抛弃对他人的固执想法，B与原文表述不符;第2段首句就有对”差异性“的定义。故C错误;第2段提到“差异性问题不仅体现于你的文化背景，还体现于……”，D表述过于片面，故排除。
4.[C]例证细节题。根据magic lesson定位到第5段。该例子表明观众从“不会”到“会”魔术这门技艺，说明是他们原先的臆想阻碍了他们对这种技艺的掌握，进而说明是什么阻碍了人们正确对待文化差异，故选C。A“每个人都能玩魔术”和B“魔术只不过是一门技艺”不是例证要说明的问题，故排除。
5.[D]细节判断题。 根据diversi awareness定位到最后一段。该段最后一句表明，差异性意识的提升就应从我们如何观察世界这个大问题着眼，理解我们为什么那样看待差异，并切实保证我们能真正重视事物的差异，故选D。由该段第2句可知B错误;到了不熟悉的环境中，会碰到“差异性”的问题，但它不是提升差异意识的途径，故A错。C文中没有提到。
黑暗中的坚持
I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadn't been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise. I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.
Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me--a potential to live, you might call it--which I didn't see, and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.
The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If I hadn't been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the sweeping, intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.
It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball. I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. "I can't use this." I said. "Take it with you," he urged me, "and roll it around." The words stuck in my head. "Roll it around! "By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphia's Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.
All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.
1. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that
A. the author lost his sight because of a car crash.
B. the author wouldn't love life if the disaster didn't happen.
C. the disaster made the author appreciate what he had.
D. the disaster strengthened the author's desire to see.
2. What's the most difficult thing for the author?
A. How to adjust himself to reality.
B. Building up assurance that he can find his place in life.
C. Learning to manage his life alone.
D. To find a special work that suits the author.
3. According to the context, "a chair rocker on the front porch" in paragraph 3 means that the author
A. would sit in a rocking chair and enjoy his life.
B. was paralyzed and stayed in a rocking chair.
C. would lose his will to struggle against difficulties.
D. would sit in a chair and stay at home.
4. According to the passage, the baseball and encouragement offered by the man
A. hurt the author's feeling.
B. gave the author a deep impression.
C. directly led to the invention of ground ball.
D. inspired the author.
5. According to the passage, which of the following is CORRECT?
A. The author set goals for himself but only invited failure most of the time.
B. The author suggested not trying something beyond one's ability at the beginning.
C. The bitterness of failure prevented the author from trying something out of reach.
D. Because of his limitations, the author tried to reach one goal at a time.
答案解析：
1.[C]细节判断题。第l段最后一句指出“所失去的让我更懂得珍惜现在拥有的”，故选C。作者失明是因为他从一辆货车(box car)A摔下来，而不是因为汽车事故，故排除A;B的推断没有原文依据;文中提到他渴望重见光明。D的表述与原文有出入。
2.[B]细节判断题。the most difficult thin9是The hardest lesson的同义改写，故可定位到第3段。该段首句指出最困难的事情是“相信自己”，But所在的句子做了更具体的解释即“对自己的一种坚信，我还是 我，尽管不是完美的……坚信自己可以找到一个适合自己的位置”，故选B。A太笼统;由第2段可知他的生活并不是孤单的，他还有父母、老师等的支持，故C错 误;D文中没有提到。
3.[C]句意理解题。本题可用排除法。第3段第3句提到，“如果我不坚信自己，我会崩溃，变成一个坐在轮椅里的废人了，在门廊前度此余生”，由此可知C正确。
4.[D]细节判断题。根据baseball定位到倒数第2段。从该段最后两句可知棒球和那个男人的鼓励给作者以启示和鼓舞.从而发明了一种叫“滚球”的运动，故选D。该段提到作者以为那个男人是在嘲讽他，但后来在他的激励下有所启发，故A错误;B“给作者留下了深刻印象”在文中没有提及;C中的directly错误，男人的话只是给了作者启发。
5.[B]细节判断题。最后一段第2、3句表明我们要意识到自己的局限性，在开始时尝试那些遥不可及的东西只会徒劳无益，故B正确;由该段第1句和最后一句可知作者为自己不断设立目标并实现了大部分的目标，故A错误：最后一句的anyway but可知C错误;文中并没有指出他每次尝试一个目标是因为他自己的局限，故D属干随意捏造。
从才华到艺术
I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respected, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper. They have a character, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once the joumey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands. I never heard of anyone making a "skeleton", as we were taught at school. In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began.
This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination. A blurred image appears, he adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it. Sometimes the’ yeast within a writer outlives a book he has written. I have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books, like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before them. For the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books, winkling out hidden meanings, superimposing new ones, begging response from those around them.
Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair. He is also. Incidentally, an unforgivable bore. This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please.
A young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back that the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow. For this reason also the writer, like any other artist, has no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within. A writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.
1. The writers that the author is familiar with confess that they would
A. work out the ending of a novel in advance.
B. follow the writing methods learned at school.
C. remodel the main character in writing.
D. make changes to the stories they first construct.
2. According to the passage, the process of writing
A. depends on skillful planning.
B. is predictable and methodological.
C. depends on the writers' experiences.
D. is disorderly and unsystematic.
3. The word "undoing" in the third paragraph probably suggests
A. success.
B. happiness.
C. failure.
D. sorrow.
4. According to the passage, the writer has no resting place because
A. he is not clear about what he will write at the beginning.
B. he should constantly edit his work to make it perfect.
C. he has to face a lot of responses given by readers.
D. he should add brushstrokes to the appearing blurred images.
5. Which of the following statements about writers is TRUE according to the last paragraph?
A. They have little ideas before they start writing.
B. Their talent goes into all their drafts.
C. It does harm to their writing when they flirt with fame.
D. They try to increase communication with readers.
答案解析：
1.[D]细节判断题。根据familiar with，confess及各选项内容定位到第1段。第1段指出，这些作家在写作前后，作品的内容往往可能发生极大的变化，其中作者提到，有一位作家就将小说的背景从克什米尔搬到了苏格兰高地。由此可见，D的表述符合文意，为本题答案。文中指出，这些作家动笔之前不会有整篇的构思，也不会按学校所教的那样列出提纲，A、B可排除。文中只说作者开始写作时可能心中已经设定了一两个角色，并没有提到会否重新塑造或改变作品的主要角色，故C应排除。
2.[D]细节推断题。第1段明确指出，作者熟悉的那些作家在写作过程中没有既定的思路，情节设置也往往根据需要或更深了解素材后才做出相应的变化和调整，这就表明，写作过程有点“混乱”，构思也不很系统化;此外，第2段提到。如果作家脑海中出现了朦胧的形象，他们会在此基础上做任意的改动。由此可见，D正确。根据文中介绍，写作过程并没有完整的构思，也无法预见，只是在写作过程中不断完善，可很快将A、B排除。此外。作家在写作的过程中会更多地了解所搜集的素材，这也与经历无关，故C也排除。
3.[C]词义推断题。第3段指出作家如果试图拉近自己与读者的距离，企图通过他人的评论了解自己塑造的形象，就相当于为取悦他人而写作。四个选项中，较能概括这种行为性质的是C。此外，undoing有“毁灭”之义，故C为本题答案。
4.[B]因果关系题。根据题干中的no resting place定位到第4段。第4段段首提到：作家的才华体现在初稿，而艺术则体现在之后不断修改的稿子中。第2句以For this reason(鉴于此)引出作家不能休息的情形。由此可见，第4段首句的内容，即作家需不断创作和修改作品：以实现由才华到艺术的转变是作家无法休息的真正原因。故8为答案，A、C、D不合文意。
5.[C]细节判断题。末段末旬指出：“当他追逐名利时，他就脱离了自我生活，脱离了对自己内心最深处世界的探索”，故C符合文意，为本题答案。选项A、D均来自文中，但与末段无关，可排除。B与原文表述“作家的才华体现在初稿，而艺术则体现在之后不断修改的稿子中”不符，可排除。
手足情深
For a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes us--or what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, they've had a lot of exclamation moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good ones--but only as far as they went.
Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings.
From the time we are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and co-conspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people we'll ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. "Siblings," says family sociologist Katherine Conger, "are with us for the whole journey."
Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order.Older sibs were said to be strivers;younger ones rebels;middle kids the lost souls.The stereotypes were broad，if not entirely untrue，and there the discussion mostly ended.
But all that’s changin9.At research centers in the U.S.，Canada，Europe and elsewhere，investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic，looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another int0—or away from--risky behavior how they form a protective buffer(减震器)against family upheaval;how they educate one another about the opposite sex;how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms--or blows--over such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism.
From that research，scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults.Does the manager who runs a harmonious office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Does the student struggling with a professor who plays favorites summon up the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddy’s girl? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter—gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is under investigation.“Siblings have just been off the radar screen until now，”says Conger.But today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us.
1.The beginning of the passage indicates that
A.researchers have found out what shapes us.
B.our peer is the last factor influencing us.
C.what researchers found contributes in a limited way.
D.what researchers found is good and trustworthy.
2.In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate that our siblings
A.offer us much useful information.
B.have great influences on us.
C.are the ones who love us completely.
D.accompany us throughout our life.
3.In scientific community, previous research on siblings
A.mostly focused on the sibling order.
B.studied the characteristics of the kids.
C.studied the matter in a broad sense.
D.wasn’t believable and the discussion ended.
4.Which of the following is NOT sibling dynamic?
A.A brother cautions his sister against getting into trouble.
B.Sisters have quarrels with each other.
C.Siblings compete for parental favoritism.
D.Older kids in a family try hard to achieve.
5.From the last paragraph，we can conclude that
A.managers learned management skills from the family playroom.
B.spouses learned negotiation skills from their siblings.
C.studies on siblings are under the way。
D.studies on siblings need thorough investigation.
答案解析：
1.[C]细节判断题。第1段指出了研究人员研究什么塑造我们，并取得了一些成果，最后一句“但这仅仅是就目前的研究而言”表明目前研究的局限性，C 表达了这个含义。由第1段可知，研究者还在探索到底是什么塑造了我们，故A错误;该段倒数第2句提到虽然我们的同龄人出现得最晚，但是影响却最深刻，故B 也错了;trustworthy在文中没有依据，故排除D。
2.[B]段落大意题。第3段讲到了兄弟姐妹在我们生活中扮演的各种角色对我们生命的影响，故选B;A“提供给我们有用的信息”属段落细节，不是作者在第3段想要说明的问题;C“完完全全爱我们的人”过于绝对且在文中找不到对应 信息点;D“伴随我们一生”只是影响我们的一个方面，故D也可排除。
3.[A]细节判断题。根据scientific community定位到第4段首句。由该句but转折处可知答案应为A。第2句提到年长的、年小的、中间的孩子共有的定式，并没有对他们的个性特征进行研究，故B排除;最后一句说这种定式很普遍，但并不意味着从广义上来研究兄弟姐妹对我们的影响，故C排除;D在文中没有依据。
4.[D] 细节判断题。根据sibling dynamic定位到第5段。本题可用排除法。A、B对应steer away from risky behavior;C在该段提及，也属sibling dynamic。D在第4段有提到，但不属于sibling dynamic。
5.[C]细节推断题。末段倒数第3旬提到All that is under investigation，C与此同义，为正确答案。A、B只是该段中的个别例证;最后一句提到要进一步研究兄弟姐妹是如何影响我们的，D项的表述与原文有出入。
本文关键字： 2018英语专四
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