雅思阅读考试题库

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2017雅思阅读考试题库

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2017雅思阅读考试题库

　　第一套

　　Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense

　　A. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry's greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, on his firm’s website under the unassuming title "Thoughts on Music" has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is "digital rights management" (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple's DRM system, called FairPlay, is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.

　　B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has "locked in" customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling), any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, the company warned of "state-sponsored piracy". Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay.

　　C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? "This is clearly the best alternative for consumers," he declares, "and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat."

　　D. Why the sudden change of heart? Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe's regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, "those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free." Two and a half of the four big record companies, he helpfully points out, are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.

　　E. Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store, and at the moment that still means Apple's. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today, he notes. (And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped.) So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related "lock in".

　　F. The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing, Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM's defender, but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs's argument, in short, is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.

　　Questions 1-7 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

　　Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

　　TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

　　NOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this

　　1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.

　　2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.

　　3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.

　　4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.

　　5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.

　　6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.

　　7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.

　　Questions 8-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.

　　8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs'idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?

　　A. DRM places restrictions on consumer'choice of digital music products available.

　　B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.

　　C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.

　　D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.

　　9. The word "unfazed" in line 3 of paragraph E, means___________.

　　A. refused

　　B. welcomed

　　C. not bothered

　　D. not well received

　　10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?

　　A. Sony would gain the most profit.

　　B. More customers would be “locked in”.

　　C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.

　　D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.

　　Questions 11-14 Complete the notes below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

　　Mr. Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, explains the reason why he used to defend DRM, saying that the company was forced to do so: the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others: the company relies on them to …13….But now he changes his mind with a possible expectation that Europe's regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.

　　Notes to Reading Passage 1

　　1. low-key：抑制的，受约束的，屈服的

　　2. showman：开展览会的人，出风头的人物

　　3. unassuming：谦逊的，不夸耀的，不装腔作势的

　　4. iPod：(苹果公司出产的)音乐播放器

　　5. iTunes store：(苹果公司出产的)在线音乐商店

　　6. get off person's back: 不再找某人的麻烦，摆脱某人的纠缠

　　7. gravitate: 受吸引，倾向于

　　8. unfazed: 不再担忧，不被打扰

　　Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-13

　　1. TRUE

　　See the second sentence in Paragraph A "… the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store."

　　2. FALSE

　　See the third sentence in Paragraph A "…At issue is 'digital rights management' (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft."

　　3. TRUE

　　See the fourth sentence in Paragraph A "Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another."

　　4. TRUE

　　See the second sentence in Paragraph B "It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has 'locked in' customers."

　　5. NOT GIVEN

　　The third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store, nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. "Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)."

　　6. FALSE

　　See the last sentence in Paragraph E "So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related 'lock in'".

　　7. NOT GIVEN

　　See the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally, no particular information about business prospect of Sony "Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility."

　　8. B

　　See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation."

　　9. C

　　See the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context "Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today."

　　10. A

　　See the last four sentences of Paragraph F "Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most."

　　11. the iTunes store

　　See the second sentence of Paragraph C "They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM."

　　12. withdraw their catalogues

　　See the third sentence of Paragraph C "They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised."

　　13. produce security fixes

　　See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly."

　　14. redirect their energies

　　See the second sentence of Paragraph D "Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free."

　　第二套

　　Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty

　　A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.

　　B. There are several reasons for Europe's recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006's improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then.

　　C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the Treaty of Nice in 2001. And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.

　　D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to "ever closer union" and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances, the EU's 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and—hey presto—a new quasi-constitution will be ready.

　　E. According to the German government—which holds the EU's agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007—there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of years in which it will be discussed, approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in 2009-10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.

　　F. The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals. The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries.

　　G. That did not happen in 2005-06. Defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries—France, Italy and Germany—were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU, as a result, barely functioned. But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.

　　H. The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucraticmomentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2005. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.

　　Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

　　Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

　　TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writer

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

　　NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this

　　1. After years' introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.

　　2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.

　　3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.

　　4. It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.

　　5. French government will hold the EU's presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of 2008.

　　6. For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.

　　Questions 7-10 Complet the following sentencces.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.

　　Write your answer in Boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.

　　7. Every four or five years, European countries tend to make a rapid progress towards ___________________by signing a new treaty.

　　8. The European constitution is supposed to ______________________for yet more integration of European Union member countries.

　　9. The bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin rashly ignore the possibility of __________________and think the new consitution will be delivered in 2009-10.

　　10. The politics of the three large continental countries, __________________ and the economic recovery will join together to urge the integration in 2007.

　　Questions 11-14 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

　　11. Which of the following statemnts is true of Euopean economic development.

　　A. The economy of Europe developed much faster than that of Asia before 2006.

　　B. The growth of European economy was slightly slower than that of America in 2006.

　　C. The development of European economy are likely to slow down by 2007.

　　D. The recovery of European economy may be considerably accelerated by 2007.

　　12. The word "immobilised" in the last line of Section C means ___________.

　　A. stopped completely.

　　B. pushed strongly.

　　C. motivated wholely.

　　D. impeded totally.

　　13. Which of the following statements about the treaties in European countries is NOT TRUE.

　　A. The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992.

　　B. The Treaty of Amsterdan was signed in 1997.

　　C. The Treaty of Nice was signed in 2001.

　　D. The Treaty of Rome was signed in 2007.

　　14. The European constitution failed to be ratified in 2005--2006, because

　　A. The leaders of France, Italy and Germany were defensive, cynical and self-destructuve..

　　B. The voters in two countries of the Union --France and Holland rejected the constitution.

　　C. The leaders of the EU thought that it was unneccessary to pursue any European policy.

　　D. France, Italy and Germany are the three largest and most influential euro-zone countries.

　　Notes to the Reading Passage

　　1. pan-Enropean

　　pan- 前缀：全，总，泛

　　pan-African 全/泛非洲的(运动)

　　pan-Enropean全/泛欧的(机构建设)

　　2. outstrip

　　超越，胜过，超过，优于

　　Material development outstripped human development “物质的发展超过了人类的进步”

　　3. ebb

　　回落跌落;衰退或消减

　　The tide is on the ebb. 正在退潮。

　　4. Machiavelli

　　马基雅维利，尼克尔1469-1527意大利政治理论家，他的著作君主论(1513年)阐述了一个意志坚定的统治者不顾道德观念的约束如何获得并保持其权力。

　　文章中意为“任何一个人都可以看到，显而易见。”

　　5. hey presto

　　突然地;立即(魔术师用语)您看，变!

　　6. upshot

　　结果;结局

　　Keys to the Questions 1-14

　　1. TRUE

　　Explanation

　　See the first sentence in Section A "Aftera period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007".

　　2. FALSE

　　Explanation

　　See the third sentence in Section C "And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudelyshattered by French and Dutch voters.".

　　3. TRUE

　　Explanation

　　See the first sentence in the Section D "In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter.".

　　4. FALSE

　　Explanation

　　See the third sentence in Section D"But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty".

　　5. NOT GIVEN

　　Explanation

　　See the first sentence in Section E "According to the German government—which holds the EU's agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007".

　　6. TRUE

　　Explanation

　　See the third sentence in Section H"The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe".

　　7. further integration

　　Explanation

　　See the second sentence in Section C"Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty".

　　8. lay the ground

　　Explanation

　　9. publc rejection

　　Explanation

　　See the third sentence in Section E"Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in 2009--10."

　　10. bureaucratc momentum

　　Explanation

　　See the frst sentence in Section H "The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucratic momentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007.".

　　11. C

　　Explanation

　　See the last sentence in Section B "Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006's improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then".

　　12. A

　　Explanation

　　See the last sentence in Section C "But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback."

　　13 . D

　　Explanation

　　See the first sentence in Section D "In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter."

　　14 .B

　　Explanation

　　See third sentence in Section C: “And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudelyshattered by French and Dutch voters.".

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