翻译资格考试英语高级口译指导

时间：2022-09-26 10:07:37 翻译资格我要投稿

翻译资格考试英语高级口译指导

　　总结是对过去一定时期的工作、学习或思想情况进行回顾、分析，并做出客观评价的书面材料，它可以明确下一步的工作方向，少走弯路，少犯错误，提高工作效益，快快来写一份总结吧。如何把总结做到重点突出呢？以下是小编整理的翻译资格考试英语高级口译指导，欢迎阅读与收藏。

翻译资格考试英语高级口译指导

　　翻译资格考试英语高级口译指导

　　指导一

　　1.原文：All around was open loneliness and black solitude,over which a stiff breeze blew。(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d'Urbervilles)

　　译文：周围一切，只是一片空旷的荒寒，一团漆黑的僻静，一股劲风，在上面吹动。(张谷若译)

　　赏析：“一片”、“一团”、“一股”，量词的准确使用增强了疑问的表现力。

　　2.原文：She denied it,denied everything,bone and stone.

　　译文：她矢口否认，死不认账。

　　赏析：原文中的"bone and stone"形象生动，但将其直译成“语气硬得像骨头和石头”，去不一定能为我国读者所接受，改译成“死不认账”，就自然、生动的多。翻译本来就是一个有得有失的过程，完全传达原文的意义、精神、意韵、形象实不可能，好的译者总是善于抓住原文的精髓，在译文中尽力将其传达出来，而将原文那些相对而言不甚重要的且又无法传达的割舍开去，借用依据哲学的术语，就是“抓住要矛盾或矛盾的主要方面”，至于哪些是“主要矛盾或矛盾的主要方面”，哪些是 “次要矛盾或矛盾的次要方面”，取决于翻译的目的、翻译语境以及译者的理解能力。

　　3.原文：The reverberation of fighting between the forces of India and Pakistan are reaching us in increasing volume.

　　译文：印度和巴基斯坦两国部队的杀伐声一阵紧似一阵传到我们这里来。(黄邦杰：《译艺谭》)

　　赏析：黄邦杰先生说：“对一个译者来说，译一个词，不仅要正确的把词义译出，而且要把这词所具有的特色、词义的细微差别以及作者褒贬的态度和正反的说法，不温不火、不多不少地加以体现。”"The reverberation of fighting"译为“杀伐声”，"in increasing volume"译为“一阵紧似一阵”，绘声绘色，活灵活现，让人不能不佩服。

　　4.原文：The ignorant old woman who ruled for the entire last half of the nineteenth century did more than any other single person to hold back China's progress.(Lin Yutang:Moment in Peking)

　　译文：那个愚蠢无知的老太婆统治了十九世纪后五十年，使中国不能进步，她可算功劳第一。(张振玉译)

　　赏析：“她可算是功劳第一”，反语的使用，辛辣无比。

　　本期练习:翻译下列句子

　　His discourse,says Speidel,"become lost in fantastic digressions."

　　答案:

　　译文：斯派达尔后来说，他的的谈话“越说越远，越说越离奇，最后不知说到哪里去了。”

　　赏析：只有五个词的"became lost in fantastic digressions",被译成了由十九个汉字组成的、由三个逗号隔开的、意思上层层递进的独立成份，译者的引申不可谓不远，但引申始终是围绕作者的原意这个轴心来进行的。翻译技巧上所说的“添词不添意”指的就是这种处理

　　指导二

　　1.原文：...but he had still at intervals a kind listener in Mrs.Philips,and was ,by her watchfulness,most abundantly supplied with coffee and muffin.(Jane Austen:Pride and Prejudice)

　　译文：不过，菲利普斯太太间或还好心好意地听他说说话，而且亏她留心关照，总是源源不断地给他倒咖啡，添松饼。(孙致礼译)

　　赏析：对比原文与译文会发现：原文主语是"he"，译文中主语改成了“菲利普斯太太”，原文中作宾语的名词"listener",译成汉语后成了动宾词组 “听他说说话”，在译句作谓语，当然，"kind"也就译成了副词“好心好意地”，修饰谓语动词。后面的介词宾语"watchfulness",在译句中也化成了动词，作谓语。原文中只用了一个"supplied"，译成汉语成了“倒”和“添”两个动词，后面各自带自己的宾语。这些翻译技巧的使用都是为了表达上的需要，形势虽然变了，内容却不变，而且译文同原文一样文从字顺。

　　2.原文：He would carry a fowling piece on his shoulder,for hours together,trudging through woods and swamps,and up hill and down dale,to shoot a few squirrels or wild pigeons.(Washington Irving:"Rip Van Winkle")

　　译文：有时他还会为了打几只松鼠或野鸽子，掮着一支枪，穿林越泽，上山入谷，一连跋涉好几个钟头。(万紫、雨宁译)

　　赏析：目的放前，行为放后，这是汉语的一种行文习惯。"carry"译成“掮着”，而不是“扛着”，味道更足。“穿林越泽，上山入谷”译得更简洁明了，且暗含一点幽默的意味。用“跋涉”一词来形容Rip Van Winkle为了打猎不辞辛苦地到处跑，颇能传神，也是为了传达那么一点点的幽默。

　　3.原文：Let us go into this deserted woodman's hut,and see how he has passed the long winter nights and the short and stormy days.(Henry David Thoreau:"A Winter Walk")

　　译文：那边有一座樵夫的小屋，樵夫本人不在，但我们也不妨进去看看。冬夜漫长，冬日苦短而多风雪，这种生活真是够那樵夫忍受的。(夏济安译)

　　赏析：原文只一句话，用"and"将两个动词谓语连在一起，译成汉语，成了六个小句。译文以“那边”开头，是为了承接上文;"deserted"只是一个词，在译文中化成了一个句子(“樵夫本人不在”);“我们也不妨进去看看”，译得委婉，同时与“樵夫本人不在”形成照应。译文的后半部相对于原文结构上调整较大，两个名次词组("the long winter nights","the short stormy days")都被译成了小句，并列在一起，烘托出樵夫生活的艰辛。整个译文虽在结构上与原文有很大不同，但意思准确，表达自然、流畅。

　　4.原文：He was not mean in friendship nor in ambition.

　　译文：他讲友谊，有抱负。

　　赏析：莎士比亚有言："Brevity is the soul of wit",写文章也好，搞翻译也好，简洁都是可贵的品质。这里的译者将原文的否定正译，用了两个结构相同的动宾词组，形成并列，干净、利索。

　　本期练习:翻译下列句子

　　He sank down with his face in his hands.

　　答案:

　　He sank down with his face in his hands.

　　译文：他两手蒙着脸，一屁股坐了下去。

　　赏析：增词法是英译汉常用的技巧之一。所谓增词法，“就是在翻译是按意义上(或修辞上)和句法上的需要增加一些词来表达更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容” (《英汉翻译教程》)。此处英文句子，本来用“他两手蒙着脸，坐了下去”，就已经可以传达基本意思了，增加了“一屁股”三个字，使译文更加生动形象。

　　指导三

　　1.原文：On this board,thirsty strangers deposited their cups as they stood in the road and drank,and threw the dregs on the dusty ground to the pattern of Polynesia,and wished they could have a restful seat inside.(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d'Urbervilles)

　　译文：患酒喝的客人，都站在路上买醉，往这块隔板上放空酒杯;他们把酒渣儿洒在满是尘土的地上，做成玻里尼西亚群岛的花样。他们很想能在屋子里面，有一个安身落座的地方。(张谷若译)

　　赏析："thirsty"是“口渴的”的意思，用在原文中当然不是指“客人”渴了想喝水，译成“患酒喝得”恐怕是最好的选择。“站在路上买醉”，似乎不是很忠实于原文，但转念一想，既然爱酒都爱到"thirsty"的地步，那么终于寻找到了一个喝酒的机会，不喝个半醉不醉，反而不可想象了，所以“买酒”即 “买醉”。

　　2.原文：No greater misfortune can befall a country than to be governed by an old tyrant.

　　译文：国之横祸，莫过于暴君当政。

　　赏析：现代汉语是在古汉语的基础上发展起来的，相当于现代汉语来说，古汉语有它自己的优势，如词汇丰富、语法有弹性、表情表意能力强等等，在写作和翻译时，适当的运用一些古汉语的语素或词，能给文章带来一种书卷气，显得庄重典雅。上面这个译例就体现了这种特色，译者灵活套用了古汉语的句子结构，使用了古汉语的个别语素(词语)，译出的句子简洁、庄重，读者好似看见了一个学识渊博的老学究在摇头晃脑地评说历史。

　　3.原文：Hearing Debs was an experience.

　　译文：听德布斯演讲可真带劲。

　　赏析：如果说上一译句让我们看见了一个学识渊博的老学究在摇头晃脑地评说历史的话，读了这一句译文，我们看到的是另一种场面：一个求知若渴、激情满怀的青年学子在听了一场演讲后，眉飞色舞地对没有去听演讲的同伴大谈特谈演讲人演讲艺术之高超。译者使用了口语体“可真带劲”来译"was an experience",准确、生动。

　　4.原文：Charity begins at home,they say.(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d'Urbervilles)

　　译文：人家不是说，行善得由己及人吗?(张谷若译)

　　赏析：“行善得由己及人”，在形式上颇像哲言警句，在意义上非常忠实于原文。

　　翻译下列句子

　　He was a fool for danger.

　　答案：

　　原文：He was a fool for danger.

　　译文：他是个天不怕、地不怕的人。

　　赏析：英译汉时，常常会遇到一些词或词组，在词典上找不到恰当的译词(组)，如逐字死译，只会使译文生硬晦涩，这是就需要对词或词组的意义进行某种处理。"a fool for danger"译为“天不怕地不怕的人”，是做了释义的处理，译者巧妙地借用了汉语里的俗语“天不怕地不怕”，形象地传达了译句的“意”和“情”。

　　指导四

　　1.原文：The night was as dark by this time as it would be until morning;and what light we had, seemed to come more from the river than the sky,as the oars in their dipping struck at a few reflected stars.(Charles Dickens:Great Expectations)

　　译文：这时夜色已经黑透，看来就要这样一直黑到天明;我们仅有的一点光亮，似乎不是来自天空，而是来自河上，一桨又一桨的，搅动着那寥寥几颗倒映在水里的寒星。(王科一译)

　　赏析：天色已经黑透，月亮尚未升起，只有几点孤星在天空闪耀，倒映在水里，水手轻轻地、一桨一桨地划，船浆划破了水面的平静，也搅碎了孤星倒映在水里的一点点清冷的光。没有用什么特别的形容词，也不需要什么特别的翻译技巧，大体顺着原文往下译，只是在必要的时候做一点变换，化原文的“形合”(如"as"等的使用)为译文的“意合”，便将原文的意境全部呈现了出来，译文之美丝毫不亚于原文，这实在是一种真功夫。虽然译文的美，来自于所有词语共同构建起来的意境，但单个译语的选择之独到，不能不让我们击节称赞，如“一桨又一桨的”，“搅动着那寥寥几颗倒映在水里的寒星”，都是诗一样的语言。

　　2.原文：All things beside seem to be called in for shelter,and what stays out must be part of the original frame of the universe,and of such valor as God himself. (Henry David Thoreau:"A Winter Walk")

　　译文：别的东西都寻求隐蔽保护去了，凡是能卓然独立于寒风之中者，一定是天地灵气之所钟，是自然界骨气的表现，他们具有和天神一般的勇敢。(夏济安译)

　　赏析：一般性翻译，只要译文准确、通顺，大抵就说得过去了，而文学作品的翻译要求却高得多，译文除了准确、通顺以外，还必须传达出原文语言上的文学 “味”。请看这里的译句，“卓然独立于寒风之中”、“天地灵气之所钟”，都是文学的语言。郭沫若说，对于一个翻译文学作品的人来说，“一杯伏特卡酒不能换作一杯白开水，总要还它一杯汾酒或茅台，才算尽了责”。

　　3.原文：But this naval competition strained the Liberal Government's principles as well as their budgets.

　　译文：但是这种海军竞赛使自由党政府的原则无法自圆其说，也使其预算捉襟见肘。

　　赏析：英文中有些词词义搭配能力很强，像这里的"strained",一个词便带了两个宾语，一个抽象，一个具体，完全按照英文句子结构来译，译文势必显得笨重，将"strained the Liberal Government's principles as well as their budgets"拆成两部分翻译，并使用汉语成语“自圆其说”和“捉襟见肘”，就干净利落多了。翻译技巧是为翻译效果服务的，对于容易翻译的句子，翻译技巧可能显得多余，译者也不会有意识地使用翻译技巧，而对于译起来较难的句子，有意识的运用翻译技巧，恐怕就很有必要了。

　　4.原文：His mother had whipped him for drinking some cream which he had never tasted and knew nothing about;it was plain that she was tired of him and wished him to go;if she felt that way,there was nothing for him to do but to succumb.(Mark Twain:The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)

　　译文：他的妈妈怪他吃了奶油，还揍了他一顿，其实他根本没有吃，对奶油的事儿一无所知;她分明是在讨厌他，希望他走得远远的`。既然她有那个念头，他也没办法，只有认了。(严维明译)

　　赏析：汉语行文，多将原因放前，结尾放后，故在译文中，“怪他吃了奶油”调到了“还揍他一顿”之前，除此之外，译文基本是顺着原文结构译下来的。为了再现原文的风格，译文选词用语注重通俗、口语化，如用“妈妈”而不用“母亲”，用“怪他吃了奶油”，不说“责备他吃了奶油”。译文后半部也极平易浅近，自然流畅。

　　本期练习:翻译下列句子

　　If you think me in a way to be happier than I deserve,I am quite of your opinion.

　　答案:

　　If you think me in a way to be happier than I deserve,I am quite of your opinion.

　　译文：如果你认为我的幸福来之太易，得之有愧，那我完全同意你的看法。(张经浩)

　　赏析：“如果你认为我的幸福来之太易，得之有愧”，是地道的汉语，是在吃透原文意义、精神基础上的再创造，明显比译者自己的初译“如果你认为我已得到的幸福比我应该得到的更多”要好

　　指导五

　　1.原文：Thus the initiative to partition Poland completely,to deny the Polish people any independent existence of their own whatsoever,came from the Russians.But the Germans did not need much urging to agree.

　　译文：由此可见，首先提出完全瓜分波澜，不许波兰人成为一个独立民族存在的，是俄国人。德国人当然求之不得。

　　赏析："Thus"译为“由此可见”，表现了译者在译词时的灵活性;"partition"在英文中本为中性词，译者根据句子内容的语义，译为“瓜分”，表达出了作者的倾向性;"did not need much urging to agree"字面意思是“不需要催促就同意了”，译者引申为“当然求之不得”，符合作者写作时的感情倾向，即对强国欺辱弱小国家的愤怒。好的译文总是能译出原文背后的“情”。

　　2.原文：Chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well nigh dispeopled the streets.

　　译文：阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有什么人了。

　　赏析：英文是形合的文字，英语句子讲究结构严谨;汉语重意合，遣词造句推崇形散而神不散。请看这里的英文句子，主、谓、宾一目了然，原因和结果清清楚楚，如果按这样的顺序、结构直译成汉语，势必凝滞不化。为了使译句能够体现汉语句式的特点，译者大胆地进行了结构调整，将原文一句切分成四个短语(小句)，充分利用句子内部语义上的联系，不用任何关联词，由风到雨，到街再到人，用白描的手法将一幅寒夜凄雨图呈现在读者面前。

　　本期练习:翻译下列句子

　　Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.

　　答案:

　　原文：Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.

　　译文：俗话说，衣柜里面藏骷髅，见不得人的事儿家家有。(徐式谷译)

　　赏析：在英语中，"the skeleton in the cupboard"是个几乎人人皆知的成语，但如果将其直译成汉语“衣柜里的骷髅”，恐怕就没有多少人能猜出它的意思。如何在翻译中既保存原短语形象，又能让不熟悉英语文化的读者了解原短语的意思，这实在是个困难。徐式谷先生的这个译例可以给我们很多的启发：译文前一部分致力于保存原文的形象，后一部分解释原文的意思，且“髅”和“有”押韵，读起来舒服、自在，很像句格言

　　英语高级口译模拟翻译练习

　　翻译段落： 生存在功利社会，奔波劳顿，勾心斗角，若想做到从心所欲，难矣哉！人自孩提时代起，求学、谋职、恋爱、成家、立业、功名、财富……几乎无时不在追求，而且总也不能满足。当然事业上的进取与物欲上的贪婪，是两种截然不同的人生观，或可说是两种内涵迥异的苦乐观。但有一点是共同的，即人生的道路并非平坦的康庄大道，事物的发展往往不以人的意志为转移。与其陶醉在“梦想成真”的幻觉中，莫若在实践中多多磨砺自己，有道是“苍天不负有心人”嘛！即或如此，也未必事事天遂人愿。总之，有追求必有烦恼，这就是生活的实际。

　　参考译文： In a business society, where people run about in pursuit of personal gains at the expense of others, it is really difficult to do as you please. Ever since childhood we have been pursuing always; going to school, looking for a job, falling in love, getting married, and striving for success in career and accumulating wealth, but never have we seemed to be contented with ourselves. However, striving for success in career and seeking material profits are two different outlooks or, if you will, two intrinsically different views on what is hardship and what is happiness. But there is one thing that applies in either case, i.e. life is no plain sailing, and things go and grow independent of man’s will. One should instead of indulging in delusions of daydreaming, temper himself in life, as the saying goes, “Heaven does not let down the one that has a will.” Even so, one cannot expect to succeed in everything he undertakes. In short, anyone in pursuit of something is sure to be troubled by something else, and that is the way things are in life.

　　翻译点评：

　　四处奔波：run about

　　追逐：in pursuit of，或者直接用动词pursue

　　本质地：intrinsically。如果不知道intrinsic（固有的，本质的，内在的）这个词，可以用basically、fundamentally这一类的词。也可以用其他方法来表达原文中“迥异”这个概念，如：as different as night and day，或者用diametrically，这个词词根是diameter,直径。当然，想不起来这么多，用一个totally也可以表达出这种例子。大家可以注意多积累一些这样的同义词。

　　康庄大道：这里以“一帆风顺”的意思来翻译：plain sailing，或者用其他意译方法，表达出“顺利”“没有挫折”之类的意思都可以。

　　幻觉：delusion。这个词与illusion的区别在于，illusion仅表示“幻觉，错觉，幻想”，delusion则有“受骗，骗局；妄想症”的含义，用来表达这里的“幻觉”一词，更有“欺骗性的，不真实的”这种意味。

　　英语高级口译考试笔试真题音频答案

　　SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part of the test,youwillhearapassageand read thesamepassage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear. the passage ONLY ONCE.

　　The parents set the rules and the children obey, right? Wrong. In a growing number of North American families, adults have let their children_____________(1). “Parents want to be nurturing love and make their small children happy, but many have become confused about_____________(2) to achieve this,” explains a noted psychologist. “Large numbers of parents are being_____________(3)”, to the point that entire families end up organizing themselves around_____________(4).

　　The problem is that many fathers and mothers try to be_____________(5) to their children. However, parenting is not a popularity contest._____________(6) is a normal part of child development and is strongest between_____________(7). Setting rules and enforcing them teaches the child that he or she is _____________(8) but not equal in authority. Then a child feel safe and secure and can be kid again. Believe it or not, It’s frightening for a child to realize they are_____________(9) a situation. In upside-down families, when parents_____________(10) from the rules they set, children become very insecure, anxious, and out of control. They don’t_____________(11) to protect them. IN order to_____________(12) and keep control, parents should act in accordance with the following tips: First,_____________(13). Parents cannot guide a child and seek his or her approval of their decision_____________(14) . Don’t say, “It’s time for bed. OK?” Instead, say, “It’s time for bed, kids.” http://tr.hjenglish.com/

　　Second, don’t_____________(15) and then change them. It’s very important to be consistent. Once you make a rule,_____________(16).

　　Third, pay less attention to your children when_____________(17) is bad and more when it is good. Do not reward bad behavior by giving extra attention to it. Instead, save your attention for when _____________(18).

　　Finally, don’t allow your kids to call you by _____________(19). This removes the authority figure in a child’s life. Children need parents,_____________(20).

　　Part B: Listening Comprehension

　　Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONL ONCE. Now listen care fully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.

　　1. (A) The forthcoming sales conference.

　　(B) Business trips to HongKong and Europe. http://tr.hjenglish.com/

　　(D) The layout of the catalogue.

　　2. (A) 268. (B) 368. (C) 386. (D) 486

　　3. (A) One pound eleven. (B) Two pounds fifty-one

　　4. (A) The freight. (B) The time for mailing.

　　5. (A) To wait for a decision made by head office.

　　(B) To have the catalogue printed in Europe.

　　(D) To use last year’s catalogue.

　　Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following new.

　　6. (A) To issue a final statement propped by the US.

　　(B) To support a US missile defence plan.

　　(D) To review the situation of US military presence in Europe.

　　7. (A) The schedule for government talks on trade between the two countries.

　　(B) A wide but unspecified range of world issues of mutual interest.

　　(D) Plans to reform Japan’s economy.

　　8. (A) Below 1 per cent. http://tr.hjenglish.com/

　　(B) Around 2.5 per cent.

　　(D) From 4.75 per cent to 4.5 per cent.

　　9. (A) Police blamed the riots mainly on ultra-rightwing nationalists and white power supremacist.

　　(B) The riots were triggered by the general election scheduled for June.

　　(D) A considerable number of deaths and injuries were reported in local newspaper.

　　10.(A) Three people on a village lane.

　　(B) A bridge built to commemorate the Olympics.

　　(D) A building near a police station.

　　Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.

　　11. (A) A politician. (B) A leader of industry.

　　12. (A) Around one million. (B) Between two and three million.

　　13. (A)To announce the current national and international new.

　　(B) To present famous people to the audience.

　　(D) To organize the programme and to broadcast music.

　　14. (A) Politicians are often teased a bit too much in the programme.

　　(B) This is a live television interview programme.

　　(D) Interviewees are usually allowed to say what they want to say.

　　15. (A) 6:00 am. (B) 6:30 am. (C) 4:00 pm. (D) 5:00pm.

　　Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk..

　　16. (A) The growing affluence of people in general.

　　(B) The climatic trends which are difficult to predict.

　　(D) The fairly conservative projections they have made.

　　17. (A) Sales through supermarkets have dropped slightly.

　　(B) Sales through salons remain steady. http://tr.hjenglish.com/

　　(D) Sales through chemists have decreased sharply.

　　18. (A) A steady rise in the proportion of spending used in press advertising.

　　(B) A significant increase in sales.

　　(D) A reduction in the advertising budget.

　　19. (A) Under twenty. (B) 21-to-30.

　　20. (A) Sun protection creams and lotions. (B) After-sun preparations.

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