7.3 面试小贴士
李 磊
在人才竞争激烈的今天，ge、zte、siemens、p & g等世界知名企业，无疑吸引着毕业生的目光，但这些单位的用人条件一般比较苛刻，而这五人是怎样成功入选的呢？采访中，他们告诉，首先是要有科学的择业观。
孙姝说："首先要自我定位准确，每个人包括亲属都希望我们找个风光体面的工作，但前提是必须认清自己的能力，在竞争日趋激烈的今天，首先要实现就业。而一旦认定自己能够胜任某项或者某领域的工作，就要自信的去应聘。
马爱萍认为："现在那些所谓‘好‘工作竞争都激烈，一定要有心理准备，降低期望值，保持一个良好的择业心态。我感觉要考虑到自己的兴趣和爱好，如果只图‘风光‘和所谓的‘好‘单位签约了，但工作和自己的兴趣相违背，那也是一件很郁闷的事情。"这一点在姜吉涛那里得到共识："比如我感觉自己适合搞技术，所以我树立的目标就是技术领域。结果进了siemens的研发部门。
孙 姝
成功应聘到宝洁公司的李磊说："当认定一个就业目标后，首先要了解这个企业的文化，看这个企业的文化是否适合你，我们应该找到一个自己目标和企业文化的契合点。当你开始投简历找工作以后，通过网上或同学你慢慢就会知道你真正适合做什么。"
和其他毕业生一样，孙姝在毕业时也面临着迷惑和不解："我们刚开始也是很迷茫，随着后来网上查询就会渐渐清晰起来。说到这里，我想对大家说，现在大部分知名公司都有自己的网站，通过它你可以了解这个公司真正需要什么样的人。我面试ge管理培训生，我上他们的网站了解到管理培训生能力方面的要求，以及面试中常问的问题。我从上届一个去ge的师兄那知道ge非常重视领导才能与团队合作精神后，我在面试过程中不断证明自己有这方面的能力。"
马爱萍说："我的观点是，我们应该拿我们的长处去和别人的短处或长处去拼，而不是拿自己的短处与别人的长处去拼，那样你肯定不会有什么优势。要利用自己的长处寻找理想的工作，用长处竞争胜券在握。像李磊同学应聘的p & g就不看专业，只要你够优秀都可以来，与专业无关。他在电气学院毕业，也是成功应聘p & g的唯一一个本科生，他成功的经验是‘虽然与我的专业一点关系都没有，但他们愿意要有工科背景的人。我正是了解了这一点，才成功应聘的，这是拿长处竞争‘."
形式各样的简历是毕业生与企业联系的第一块"敲门砖"，在大小求职招聘会上，简历成了企业对毕业生形成第一印象的关键因素。成功应聘世界名企的五名毕业生有着各自的看法。
孙姝认为，简历一定要做得简明合适。技术类企业希望了解毕业生的技术背景，所以应更注意突出研究的课题等技术方面的问题；管理类则偏重于毕业生参加的社会活动、社会实践；销售类则要求毕业生有相关的专业背景。
李磊说："我觉得简历不是简单的罗列，要突出公司可能感兴趣的方面，另外，你的照片要尽量挑一张面带笑容的。""我着重说一下英文简历，我们千万不要只是把中文简历简单的翻译过来，另外就是一定要注意不要有语法错误，如果那样面试人肯定对你产生不好的印象。另外，我想说的，也算是一个小技巧吧，我们要想简历命中率高，就要主动向接简历的人‘套词‘，寻找他与自己的相似点，让他对你有一个深刻的印象，这样做不能说有多少好处，但肯定不会有坏处吧！"马爱萍道出自己的经验。
李占山
在简历的封面制作上，姜吉淘认为，简历的封皮一定要突出和公司背景相关的研究方向或者专业，不适合的尽量不要写。"像我们是机械制造的，其实我们和机械电子的课题、研究方向基本没什么差别，但在封皮上写上‘机械制造‘一般公司都不会感兴趣，后来我们干脆不写直接写研究方向。当然有的女生可以在封皮上用自己的生活照。另外就是用英文简历时一定要恰当。我记得我在英文简历上想表达自己有进取心，用了‘aggressive‘，当时面试官说这样用是不对的，这件事情告诉我，有些事情容易弄巧成拙。"
和其他毕业生一样，这五名毕业生非常看重来之不易的"面试"机会。而各个企业也适应自己企业的特点规定了不同面试方式，如ge产品注重高新材料，比较看重毕业生的专业，喜欢用工科背景的毕业生，ge招聘的人以机械、材料和化学的居多，所以在面试时要问一些涉及到专业的内容。
马爱萍
孙姝讲述了一个关于面试的例子："我经历的面试分两轮：每１１个应聘者组成一个讨论小组，公司给定一个话题进行讨论，考验每个人的反应和专业能力，第二轮是一对二面试，是漫谈式的测试。我的经验是面试前一定要提前做准备，我给大家推荐《外企面试500题》，记得当时我准备了１２页的回答，全部用英语准备的。在第一轮讨论中，首先要非常自信，当然不能太嚣张，另外一定注意不要抢别人的话题或打断别人的讲话，这表示对别人的尊重，再者，陈述要简单明了。他们看的是你对问题的把握、分析和协调能力。当时我们做一个游戏，联想你向爱斯基摩人推销冰箱。当时分成两组，一组推销冰箱，另一组扮演爱斯基摩人。我想说的是我们一定要注意细节问题，比如做完游戏后要自己整理地面。这些试题看的不是结果，对于一个创造性的思维，公司更重视团队协作与创新。"
姜吉涛说："我应对的面试是一些基本问题，比如职业规划，怎样处理与意见不合者的关系。另外就是你的课题做的是什么，应用什么原理。主考官是两个德国人，所以我们要对公司比较了解，提前上网查资料并作成英文。"
李磊说："p & g面试的每一步应该做什么，在公司网站上写得非常详细，按流程一步一步走下去就可以了。我要说的是在面试过程中一定要争取机会。我可以说是真正的‘面霸‘，我会把每一次面试当成是一次历练。其次是着装，在外企面试，尤其是p & g这样的公司，你一定要穿西装打领带，我觉得这是对公司的尊重。面试中一定要放松，建议你一定提前去适应那里的环境，记得我当时提前十五分钟到的，到了以后我和旁边的人聊得非常投机，面试官叫我进去的时候，我已经非常放松了。
应聘一汽的李占山认为一定要自信。"我的自信来自于切身的工作体验。我不需要培训直接就可以工作，没有见习过程。企业大多喜欢有实践经验的毕业生。
面试中一定要十分注意细节。马爱萍说："首先进门后要面带微笑，然后轻点关门，不要把它当成寝室的门关得当当响。坐的时候要端正，不要这样翘着二郎腿，还时不时地晃动晃动，另外，不要摆弄首饰、钢笔等物品，那样只能更显示出你的紧张。关于服装的确非常重要，一定要穿戴干净利落不要太休闲化，另外不要化太浓的妆。面试结束后，如果考官问你还有什么问题，你尽量不要问：‘我今天表现得怎么样‘，这只能让考官感觉你不自信。还有我要对女同学说：尽管现在有许多公司对女生的需求不是很多，但你们一样可以找到好的工作，一定要充满自信心，可以找一些女性较为集中的公司应聘，比如ge不存在歧视女性问题，在ge工作的女性占40%，而p & g今年在哈工大招的10个毕业生中有6个是女生。
马爱萍告诫毕业生："我的经验是：面试完之后说‘谢谢‘或‘希望很快能见到你‘，最后考官问你：你有什么问题要问？你可以选择问一些关于‘企业文化背景‘或者关于‘技术的专业性‘问题，一定要注意不要乱问，以免让考官尴尬。如果想从侧面了解一下是否有录取的可能性时，可以说：‘希望再次见到你‘，如果你能得到这样的回答：‘相信会见面的‘，那说明应聘成功的希望很大。
对此李占山认为："面试官的阅历非常丰富，注意掩饰自己的紧张情绪，切记言多必失，注意审时度势。面试时要让招聘官有话说，避免把话说完了，注意你的话里一定要有他想听的东西。无论成功与否，可以向面试人员索要名片，事后发e-mail联系表示你的感谢。面试时可能会被问到细节，注意回答一定要真实。"
八大经典问题回答技巧宝洁的面试由 8 个核心问题组成。宝洁公司招聘题号称由高级人力资源专家设计,无论您如实或编造回答,都能反应您某一方面的能力。核心部分的题如下：
Please provide concise examples that will help us better understand your capabilities.
(1 )Describe an instance where you set your sights on a high/demanding goal and saw itthrough completion. (请你举一个具体的例子，说明你给自己确定了一个很高的目标，然后达到这个目标。)
面试技巧分析：这个问题的考察应聘者制定高目标的勇气及完成高目标的执行力。关键词为：demanding goal、saw it through。
面试技巧回答：(记住，采用“What+STAR+Key Words 法则”来回答)
What ：Designed a show to celebrate the Anniversary of Xiamen University, and won 2nd Prize out of 12 teams.
Situation (Key Word ：demanding )
On the anniversary night, there was a huge celebration party, where songs, dances and dramas were played. Each school should design five shows, and our class volunteered to design one. It was a demanding goal as it was very close to the end of the term when most students were busy preparing for final exams.
Task ：As a sophomore student I was in charge of my class performance, which was a drama. I had to deal with the pressure from study, my classmates’ disinterest in acting, and my role as the king in the drama.
Actions ：(Key Words ：how I saw it through )
First, as there were only 20 students in my class, I distributed at least one task to each student;either a role, or tools or costumes.
Second, since at the end of the term each member was busy with study, the rehearsal schedule should be reasonable and periodic. All team members cooperated well because of the low frequency and short duration of each rehearsal.
Third, music and scenery were added into rehearsal in order to get close to the circumstances of the party.
In addition, I emphasized the value of time and ordered every actor to respect other partners.
Result ：In the end, our performance was very successful. Not only did I act the “king”wonderfully,but also got good marks on the final exam.
(2 )Summarize a situation where you took the initiative to get others on an important taskor issue, and played a leading role to achieve the results you wanted. (请举例说明你在一项团队活动中如何团结他人，并且起到领导者的作用，并带领团队最终获得所希望的结果。)
面试技巧分析：这个问题实质上是考察应聘者的领导能力。其关键词有： took the initiative, get others to
complete, leading role。所以在描述的时候要重点描述自己如何吸引他人参与、团结并鼓励他人、带领团队达到目标这个过程。
面试技巧回答：
What ：I organized a group to sing English choir on Choir Eve, visited all the dormitories in our university and sent Christmas gifts on behalf of our English Association.
Situation ：To broaden the students’ understanding of Western culture.
Task ：Organized a group to sing English choir on Choir Eve
Action: (Key words ：took the initiative & leading role)
i. Suggested the idea to the Chairman of our English Association and got his approval.
ii. Asked each member of our association to offer at least three suggestions on each of the
questions below:
* What songs to play?
* Who could join the choir?
* Where should we perform?
iii. Combined the other team members’ suggestions with my idea and made a decision on the questions above.
iv. Organized the rehearsals, reminded the singers of each rehearsal time and place with short messages, because our singers were indeed busy and they could forget.
v. Made each rehearsal as lively as possible to make the singers feel the atmosphere of Christmas, and thus motivate them to sing with emotion.
Result ：Many students said that they were happily surprised by our activity and they hoped we would hold such activities next Christmas. And some said they would love to join our association to learn the beautiful choir.
(3 )Describe a situation where you had seek out relevant information, define key issues, and decide on which steps to take to get the desired results. (请你描述一种情形，在这种情形中你必须去寻找相关的信息，发现关键的问题事项，并且自己决定依照一些步骤来获得期望的结果。)
面试技巧分析：这个问题考察应聘者的分析能力、判断能力及决策能力。关键词为： seek out relevant information, define key issues, decide on the steps。面试官实质上是希望了解你分析处理一件事情的全过程，与上一个题目考查如何争取别人的协助是完全不同的。所以，你在描述的时候应该把描述的重点放在你做整个事情的经过上，而不是和什么人一起做。
* Our dean approved this proposal.
* Our partner was willing to provide financial assistance, and our members volunteered to design the details of the plan and implement it.
* A poll showed that the current English corners did not meet the students’ requirements and lacked uniqueness.
Result ：Others were convinced and we successfully founded the English Garden. It’s run once a week now, each meeting attracts over a hundred students.
(5 )Give an example of how you worked effectively with people to accomplish an importantresult. (请你举一个例子，说明在完成一项重要任务时，你是怎样和他人进行有效合作的。)
面试技巧分析：这个问题实质考察的是应聘者的团队合作能力。关键词为：worked effectively with people。
在回答这道问题时，建议从“我做了什么”和“别人做了什么”两个角度来描述。
面试技巧回答：
What ：Our team won the 2nd Prize in the Military Songs Competition held in our university.
Situation ：In total 20 teams joined the competition, each team represented a class.
Task ：I was in charge of the project. We decided to make our team’s performance unique in order to win a prize.
Actions ：(Key Words ：worked effectively with people )
i. Design: I cooperated with my colleagues to plan the climax of the performance, the musical accompnt of the songs and the whole arrangement of the narrative poem. As three members in our team were good at guitar, I encouraged them to come up with some ideas about how to use a guitar in the military songs.
ii. Rehearsal: I worked together with those who were in charge of the lights, sounds and scenes to create the perfect artistic effect.
iii. On stage: I reminded my fellows with gestures and eye expressions. Also, I helped a singer to cope with an emergency.
Result ：Our military team won the second prize in this competition.
(6 )Describe a creative/innovative idea that you produced which led to a significant contribution to the success of an activity or project. (请你举一个例子，说明你的一个有创意的建议曾经对一项计划的成功起到了重要的作用。)
面试技巧分析：这个问题实质考查应聘者的创新能力。关键词为：creative idea ，significantly contributed。
回答这个问题应将描述重点放在你的创新意识、创新依据、有了创新的想法之后如何去实现，以及这个创新想法起到作用上。
面试技巧回答：
What ：I suggested that we set the topic to be “Sell Yourself”for the annual speech contest in our school.
Situation ：Each year our school holds a speech contest, the topic is randomly chosen by the teachers, for example, how to protect the environment, the importance of honesty, and so on.Students are not very excited about these topics.
Task ：I am quite interested in participating in speech contests, but I’d like them to be different, more exciting and more useful. So I decided to offer some suggestions to our school.
Actions ：
i. I proposed three topics: Sell Yourself; Where I’ll be in 3 Years; Be Competitive. All focus on future job hunting and career development, which I believe are attractive topics to most students.
ii. I surveyed other students and got the information that Sell Yourself seemed better, because it gave us a chance not only to say something, but possibly to sing and dance in addition to just speak.
Result ：My proposal was used in the Speech Contest, which was enjoyed by the students. Over 500 students came to watch the speech contest, double the previous audience size. And the participants said the topic gave them a good opportunity to show off and become more confident.
(7 )Provide an example of how you assessed a situation and achieved good results by focusing on the most important priorities. (请你举一个具体的例子，说明你是怎样评估形势，将精力集中在最重要的事情上从而获得你所期望的结果。)
面试技巧分析：这个问题考察的是应聘者分析事情和找到问题关键点的能力。关键词为：assessed a situation,
focused on the prioritie。在回答这个问题时应该将重点放在处理事情的分析过程上。
面试技巧回答：
What ：I once solved the problem of lack of inventory in our store in an hour.
Situation ：Four stores do the promotion at the same time and our store is one of them, the largest one. The sales assistant on the previous day forgot to report that the inventory wasn’t enough and I just realized it when I arrived i n the morning.
Task ：(Key Words: my assessment of the situation ，the priorities)
*The four promoting stores were not very far from each other, and they opened at different times.It was possible to fetch some stock from another store and make up for it later (My assessment of the situation).
*To satisfy the stocking demand of the store which had the largest number of customers (the priorities ).
Actions ：I reported to the manager and offered my suggestion. He accepted it.
Result ：Everything went all right. The inventory in our store was sufficient, and the other store was restocked later before lunchtime.
(8 )Provide an example of how you acquired technical skills and converted them to practical application. (请你举一个具体的例子，说明你是怎样获得一门技能并且将它用于实际工作中的。)
面试技巧分析：这个问题实质是考察应聘者的学习能力。关键词为：convert technical skills to practical
application。在回答这个问题的时候，应将重点放在获得新技能的过程、方法及将其应用于实际工作的过程上。
面试技巧回答：
What ：I learnt how to arrange the questionnaire forms in a scientific way and use them in the survey of a new kind of milk.
Situation ：In the investigation of customer opinions about the taste of a new kind of milk, I found that the questionnaire form was out of date and limited the of responses.
Actions ：
a) I consulted my boss and a good friend who works in a professional marketing research company and learnt a new way of arranging questionnaire forms.
b) I designed two new forms, and my boss chose one of them.
Result ：With the help of the converted form, our company obtained more objective and useful information.
根据以上几个问题，面试时每一位面试官当场在各自的“面试评估表”上打分：打分分为3 等：
1—2 分(能力不足，不符合职位要求、缺乏技巧，能力及知识)
3—5 分(普通至超乎一般水准;符合职位要求;技巧、能力及知识水平良好)
6—8 分(杰出应聘者，超乎职位要求;技巧、能力及知识水平出众)。