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职称英语综合类B概括大意历年真题
2024年职称英语考试复习已经开始，为了让大家了解职称英语考试难易程度，以下是小编收集整理的职称英语综合类B概括大意历年真题，供大家练习。
职称英语综合类B概括大意历年真题 1
Teaching Is "One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK"
(1) The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 11-16), and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers, Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who say they would "seriously consider" teaching as a career has fallen sharply,from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.
(2) The main drawback of secondary teaching according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers. Joanne Manners,24, is a good example: "I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher -- but when I looked into the details, it became clear that teaching isnt very lucrative(赚钱的) job these days. I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, and so I decided not to become a teacher."
(3) Its not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people dont want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Heres the view of Dave Hallam, an account from London, "I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers,"
(4)"I love teaching; its my passion. Ive been a secondary-school teacher of Spanish for ten years now, and although its a very demanding job, its very satisfying. When I see my students passing their Spanish exams, or singing along to Spanish pop songs, it makes me feel so proud," says Brian Jones, who works in a secondary school in London. So what does he think the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers, "I find that I always have too much work to do."
(5) The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people. Another solution could be set a maximum number hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce stress on teachers. "Hopefully," the report concludes, "these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching, and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future."
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2__________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Students bad behavior and lack of discipline
B. Improvement of children behavior
C. Heavy workload on teachers
D. The problem of low salary
E. A report on teacher shortage
F. A nationwide publicity campaign
27. More and more young people are held back from teaching __________.
28. Parents are encouraged to back the teacher up when there are ___________.
29. The government should reduce the workload on teachers to ease__________.
30. The government should promote teaching as a career by advertising __________.
A. its benefits
B. their childhood memories
C. their stress
D. more training
E. discipline problems
F. because oflow pay
答案与解析：
23.E。题干：第一段的主要内容是__________。第一段的主题句是第一句，大意是说英国政府的一项报告指出许多中学面临着师资困难，故E(有关师资短缺的报告)是正确答案。
24.D。题干：第二段的主要内容是__________。第二段首句是主题句，大意为“根据报告，中学教学的主要问题是工资低”，故D(低工资的问题)是正确答案。
25.A。题干：第三段的主要内容是__________。第三段的主题句为第二句，“yet”之前讨论的.是师资不足不仅仅是钱的问题，“yet”之后讨论人们不愿做老师的另外一个原因就是有些学生行为恶劣，因而A(学生的不良行为和缺乏管束)是正确答案。
26.c。题干：第四段的主要内容是__________。四段没有主题句，以Brian Jones的例子来说明教师在看到学生通过考试时的满足感，后半部分则是他希望政府能够给老师减负，故C(教师工作负担重)是正确答案。(如果段落之中没有明显的主题句，则需要根据大意或者高频词汇进行判断。)
27.F。题干：越来越多的年轻人不愿意从事教师的职业__________。利用题干关键词young people可以定位到第二段第二句，教师工资比很多其他职业的工资低得多，这意味着越来越少的年轻人决定做教师，所以答案为F(因为低工资)
28.E。题干：家长被鼓励要支持教师，当有__________的时候。利用题干关键词parents和back the teacher可以定位到第三段最后两句，Dave Hallam认为家长要为孩子在学校的不良行为负责，应该在家严格要求孩子，同时也要教会孩子尊重老师，对比几个选项，可以发现选项E(纪律问题)比较符合语境。
29.C。题干：政府应该给教师减负来减轻__________。利用题干关键词reduce the workload可以定位到第三段最后一句，可知Brian认为政府应该给教师减负，因为他发现他的工作量太多了，所答案为C(他们的压力)o
30.A。题干：政府应该通过宣传__________来提升教师职业。利用题目顺序和段落顺序一致的原则以及题干关键词government，promotin9和advertisin9等可以定位到第五段的第三句，即政府也应发动全国性的宣传运动，例如在电视和报纸做广告等，来展示教授年轻人的积极意义。因此，该题答案选A(它的好处)。
职称英语综合类B概括大意历年真题 2
The Storyteller
(1) Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And thats what he has always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking.
(2) Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. He believes that E.T. is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parents 1966 divorce, "It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life." "He was scared of just about everything," recalls his mother, Leah Adler. "When trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. And thats just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist."
(3)Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dads movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World War II battles. Spielbergs talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became the center of attention. "Steven would start telling his ghost stories," says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr.,leader of Troop 294, "and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it."
(4) Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood.
Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship (实习) in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back.
(5) Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where he gets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs. "The process for me is mostly intuitive(凭直觉的 ) ," he says. "There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel (续集) to Jurassic Park."
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2 __________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Inspirations for his movies
B. The trouble of making movies
C. A funny man
D. Getting into the movie business
E. Telling stories to make friends
F. An aim of life
27. Some of Spielbergs most successful movies came from__________.
28. When Spielberg was a boy, he used to be scared of__________.
29. Spielberg is very good at __________.
30. Spielberg says he makes movies for __________.
A. almost everything
B. telling scary stories
C. a number of reasons
D. making children laugh
E. his childhood memories
F. a lot of money
答案与解析：
23.F。题干：第一段的段落大意为__________。第一段的主题句为首句，即Steven Spielberg有一个目标，那就是给很多愿意倾听的人讲很多好的故事，所以选项F“人生的目标”为正确答案。
24.A。题干：第二段的段落大意为__________。第二段的主题句为第一句：Even decades later,Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years，which are the origins of some of his biggest hits.即Spielber9认为他对儿时有着清晰的记忆，而这些就是他一些成功作品的来源，所以选项A“电影的灵感”为正确答案。
25.E。题干：第三段的段落大意为__________。第三段无明显的主题句，该段主要讲Spielberg很擅长讲恐怖的故事，让他交到了很多朋友，所以选项E“讲故事来交朋友”为正确答案。
26.D。题干：第四段的段落大意为__________。第四段无明显的主题句，该段主要讲述Spielberg被电影学院所拒，然后到离好莱坞比较近的大学上学，并努力获得在好莱坞实习的机会，获得电影合同后就退学了，所以选项D“进入电影行业”为正确答案。
27.E。题干：Spielberg非常成功的电影都来自于__________。利用题干关键词和第24题的`分析，可知Spielberg认为他对儿时有着清晰的记忆，而这些就是他一些成功作品的来源，所以选项E“他儿时的记忆”为正确答案。
28.A。题干：Spielberg是个孩子的时候，他害怕__________。利用题干关键词be scared of可以定位到第二段“He was scared ofjust about everything”，意为“他害怕几乎所有的一切”，所以选项A“几乎所有的一切”为正确答案。
29.B。题干：Spielberg很擅长__________。利用题干关键词is good at和题目顺序与题干顺序一致的原则，可以定位第三段“Spielberg’s talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends”，意为“Spielberg讲恐怖故事的天赋让他交到了朋友”，所以选项B“讲恐怖故事”为正确答案。
30.C。题干：Spielber9说他制作电影是因为__________。利用题干关键词make movie可以定位到第五段“There are films that I feel I need to make，for a variety of reasons，for personal reasons.for reasons that l want to have fun…”，意为“我觉得我需要制作电影，因为各种各样的原因，比如因为个人的原因，因为我想找到乐趣的原因”，所以选项C“很多原因”为正确答案。
职称英语综合类B概括大意历年真题 3
supermarket
supermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines, that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way. as a method, supermarket retailing features several related product lines, a high degree of self-service, largely centralized checkout, and competitive prices. the supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise, ____(1)____.
The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. most supermarkets emphasize price. some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage. since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital.
Supermarkets originates in the early 1930s. they were established by independents ____(2)____. supermarkets were an immediate success, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. in recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins.
Today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing. however, different names are used to distinguish these institutions ____(3)____:
A superstore is a larger version of the supermarket. it offers more grocery and nonfood items ____(4)____. many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction.
Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. they, too, offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as kroger and sav-on.
For many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors. for example, a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions (warehouse stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish markets, and convenience stores). supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures ____(5)____: some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services. others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), groceries attuned to a particular market area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group, for example), and various service departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, financial institutions, and pharmacies).
A、by size and assortment
B、than a conventional supermarket does
C、including building materials, office products, and, of course, groceries
D、attracting more customers with their low prices
E、primarily in either of two ways
F、to compete with grocery chains
答案：
CFABE
职称英语综合类B概括大意历年真题 4
The Story of Lani
Five-year-old Lani still takes seven medicines with her breakfast every morning。“She’s very good about it ”says her father David.Lani is alive today because of her father David，in more than one way;when she was one year old she received part of her father’s liver in a liver—transplant operation.Lani was born with a liver illness . __________ (46) Doctors advised that a transplant was the only way in which she would live.
The operation lasted 12 hours and needed two teams，one for the father and one for thedaughter __________ (47)In these cases，the donor’s liver grows to normal size in about eight weeks。and t11e child’s liver becomes smaller.
Lani spent three weeks in hospital after the operation.Because the receiver’s body tries to reject the new organ，the patient has to be given special drugs __________ (48)
Although David left hospital after 10 days，he didn’t return to work until after three months.In order to reach the liver, the doctors have to cut through the stomach wall，which is strong and full of muscle.It therefore takes a long time to recover after this operation. __________ (49)So far，only 16 of these liver—transplant operations have been carried out in Britain. __________ (50)Doctors say,“If possible，we prefer to take a liver from a dead don not, usually a parent.”
Lani still has to look after her health，and she gets more tired than other children of the same age，but doctors hope that she will continue to get stronger and stronger.
A、She had one operation when she was six weeks old，which was not successful.
B、While these drugs are given，it is important that the patient does not catch any illness，not even a cold.
C、In this operation a piece of liver, weighing about 250--300 grams，was removed from the father and transplanted into the daughter.
D、David quickly recovered from the operation.
E、However, they are more common in North America and Japan.
F、David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year.
答案：
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. F 5. E
职称英语综合类B概括大意历年真题 5
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved1 to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information,” Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. 1
A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effets on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day3. 2
As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Austrnlia, many in high density residential areas5. 3 The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.
Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. 4 He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.
5 According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.
词汇: mobile /5mEubail/ adj.移动的 circulate /5sE:kjuleit/ v.流传 electromagnetic /IlektrEJ5mA^nItIk/ adj.电磁的 density /5densiti/ n.密度 transmitter tower发射塔 disregard /7disri5^B:d/ v.不顾 shield /Fi:ld/ n.隔离屏 accelerate /Ak5selEreit/ v.加速，加快注释：
1. 动词 prove用的是过去式形式 proved，这是虚拟语气表示假设的用法。
2. Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight …“没有人会在一个晚上倒地死去……” overnight是副词，意为“一夜间;一下子;整夜”。如： This stadium was not built overnight.这个体育场不是一下子建起来的。 On his way to Europe, John stayed with his parents in Chicago overnight.在去欧洲的途中，约翰在芝加哥他父母那儿呆了一个晚上。
3.介词 by表示“以……(速的度增加)”。
4.介词 by表示“到……前”。如： By Thursday morning you should complete writing the experiment report. 到周四上午你应该写完实验报告。 5. many in high density residential areas 是独立主格结构。注意它省略了 being，即 many (being) in high density
residential areas。此外， many指的是 many transmitter towers。
6. at a rate more than three times that of adults可以理解为 at a rate (that is) more than three times that of adults.意为“以比成人多两倍的比率……”短语中的 that指代 rate。倍数的表达法是：“数字 +times+名词/that”。如： His salary is three times that of mine. 他的薪水比我多两倍。 The sales volume of refrigerators in 2000 was twice that in 1999. 2000年冰箱的销量比 1999年多一倍。练习：
A He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults6. B By the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people. C “If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,” he said. D Then who finances the research? E For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. F The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.
答案与题解：
1. C “空 1”应该填入与 low-level radiation有关的内容，例如： low-level radiation究竟有害还是无害。所以， C是合适的选项。此外，直接引语也佐证了选择的合理性。
2. B“空 2”前面一句介绍了澳大利亚拥有手机的现状。选项 B的内容是对到 2000年之前手机发展前景的预测，内容连贯，是正确答案。
3. E 这一段的第一句说的`是，许多微波发射搭建在人口稠密的居民区。选项 E的内容涉及微波发射塔的地点选择只考虑到地理位置，而不顾及社区的安全。选项 E扩展了第一句表达的信息。此外选项 E 中出现 tower这个词，与第一句的 tower相呼应，也佐证了选择的合理性。
4. A “空 4”前面一句说的是 Robert Bell建议政府应该禁止在儿童比例高的地区(如学校操场、儿童医疗中心、居住小区等 )的 500米半径的范围内建造发射塔。选项 A说明为什么要这样做的原因，因而是答案。
5. D “空 5”后面一句说的是 major telephone companies出钱资助研究项目的问题，提示了 D是正确答案
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