职称英语考试综合类语法分析

时间:2022-06-20 07:50:34 职称英语 我要投稿
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职称英语考试综合类语法分析

  引导语:为了帮助各位考生更好的备考,下面小编为大家整理精选了职称英语考试综合类语法分析,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢您的阅读。

职称英语考试综合类语法分析

  一、非谓语动词的句法功能:

  一个典型的句子共有以下五个基本成分:

  主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语

  这里要讨论的是当英语中的一个动词处在主语、宾语、定语和状语位置时怎么处理,即非谓语成分时怎么处理。

  1.主语:

  首先,"to do" 和 "-ing"形式具有名词性,"-ed "不具备名词性。也就是说,"to do" 和 "-ing"可以做主语,例如:

  To learn a foreign language is not an easy thing. (= It is not an easy thing to learn English.)

  Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing.

  问题是这两种表达方式有没有区别。语法上没有对或错的区别,因此不是语法考试的重点

  一般讲,"to do"较具体的行为或状态,"-ing"表示较笼统的概念,如"学习外语对我来说并非易事"一般用"to do"来表达:To learn a foreign language. is not an easy thing for me. (或:It is not an easy thing for me to learn a foreign language.)

  从应试角度讲,只要记住下面两个特殊句型就可以了:

  It is no use (或good) + ing结构,例如:

  It is no use quarreling with her. (和她争吵没有用。考试时不要选to quarrel with her)

  There is no + ing 结构,例如:

  There is no denying that women are playing more and more important roles in the world today.(不可否认,在当今世界上,妇女正发挥越来越重要的作用。)

  There is no joking about this matter. (这事开不得玩笑。)

  2.宾语

  如上所述,非谓语动词"to do"或"-ing"当主语时,没有特别的语法要求。但是,当宾语时,就有一个用"to do"还是"-ing"的问题。大家还记得这个规定吗?如果忘了,请复习"第二讲"中"五个基本句型"的"第三句型".这是考试的一个重点。在以往的职称考试中,此项一般要占2-3道题目。

  关于非谓语动词做宾语补足语的问题,请复习"第二讲"中"五个基本句型"的"第五句型".

  3.定语

  也就是做名词的修饰语。只要牢记本讲"非谓语动词的时态和语态意义"一节中的内容,就不难理解非谓语动词做定语的问题。非谓语动词做定语,本质上是"定语从句",例如:

  Where is the house built last year?

  = Where is the house that(或which)was built last year (去年建造的那栋房子哪儿去了?)

  Do you see the house being built there ?

  = Do you see the house that (或which) is being built there?(看见那边那栋正在建造的房子了吗?)

  The house to be built next month will be our dorm.

  = The house that (或which) will be built (或that is to be built) next month will be our dorm.(下月要建造的那栋房子将是我们的宿舍。)

  也就是说,只要把握好"时间状语"和"语态(先行词与动词的关系)",非谓语动词做定语的考试选项比较容易,出题几率也比较低。

  有人可能会问:

  I have a letter to write 和I have a letter to be written两个句子中的黑体部分都是做"letter"的定语,为什么一个用主动,另一个用被动语态。一般来说,当动词(write)的行为者就是句子的主语(I)时,用主动语态。因此,这两个句子的内涵是有些区别的。但由于考试形式的局限性,一般不会考这种区别的。

  下面把非谓语动词中其他几个重要问题用实例说明一下:

  关于"不定式"作后置状语的举例(注意黑体字部分的表达形式):

  1) She was so angry as to be unable to speak. (她气得连话都说不出来了。)

  2) I don't know her well enough to ask her for help.(我与她不太熟悉,不便请她帮忙。)

  3) She was too angry to say anything.(她气得什么都说不出来了。)

  4) I'm only too glad to help you.

  注意与例3)的区别:only too与happy, pleased, glad 等词使用时,表示"非常":我非常愿意帮助你(能帮助你真是太高兴了)。

  5) We waited in the train for nearly three hours, only to be told that the appointment had been canceled. (only to…表示意想不到的结果:我们在雨中等了近3个小时,结果被告知约会取消了。)

  6) To be fair, he has been working very hard recently.(公平地说,他最近工作一直非常努力。类似的表达方式还有:

  to tell the truth(说实话), to be frank(老实说),to go without saying (不用说 / 毫无疑问) 等。

  关于分词做后置状语的举例 (注意括号中句子的演变过程):

  1) She received an E-mail from her brother, saying that her mother was seriously ill. (她收到她兄弟发来的一份电子邮件,(邮件上)说她母亲病得很厉害。= She received an E-mail from her brother, which(= an E-mail)said that her mother was seriously ill)

  2) Serious infection may develop in some patients, resulting in death. (有些病人会发生严重感染,导致死亡。(= Serious infection may develop in some patients, which results in death.)

  3) The guests entered the office, accompanied by the manager. (客人在经理陪同下走进办公室。 = The guests entered the office, who were accompanied by the manager.)

  关于"动词不定式"的补充说明: