职称英语备考语法分析
Our papers are delivered every morning.(What)我们的报纸每天上午送到。
The postman delivered a letter this morning.(Who)今天上午邮递员送来了一封信。
A letter was delivered this morning.(what)今天上午来了一封信。
时态的构成规律
英语通过对动词形式的变化来构成不同的时态和语态。主要是使用be和have作为标识，其构成是有规律的。Be的作用是用来构成进行时和被动语态。Have 用来构成完成时。两者合起来与动词可构成完成时的被动语态完成进行时。看例句(以work, follow为例)：
1)be：
They are working.(现在进行)
They were working.(过去进行)
They will be working.(将来进行)
They are followed. (现在的被动)
They are being followed.(现在进行的被动)
They were being followed.(过去进行的被动)
They will be being followed.(将来进行的被动)
2) have
They have worked.(现在完成)
They had worked.(过去完成)
They will have work.(将来完成)
3) have + be:
They have been working.(现在完成进行)
They had been working. (过去完成进行)
They will have been working.(将来完成进行)
The work has been done. (现在完成被动)
The work had been done. (过去完成被动)
The work will have been done. (将来完成被动)
The work has been being done. (现在完成进行的被动)
The work had been being done (过去完成进行的被动)
时态的比较
1.一般现在时与现在完成时
(1)I come from Shanghai.(上海人)
I have come from Shanghai.(从上海来)
(2)You read very well.(强调能力)
You've read very well.(强调一次刚完成的动作)
(3) I forget.(一时想不起来了)
I have forgotten.(仍没想起来，可能已回忆起来了)
(4) The book is written in simple English.(表状态)
The book has been written in simple English.(表动态，已用英语写成)
(5) Every time I see him，he's been reading.(两个动作不可能同时进行).
Every time l have seen him，he's been reading.(强调两个动作同时进行)
(6) He is gone.(强调状态)He has gone.(强调动作和时间)
(7) He won't come till the play begins.(演出开始时)
He won't come till the play has begun.(戏已开始)
(8)AfterI leave school，I'11 go to college.(两个动作紧密相接)
After l have left school，I'll go to college.(强调毕业后，两个动作可能有间隔)
(9) It is a long time since I saw you last.
It's been a long time since Isaw you last 这两句话一样，后一句是美国英语)
(10) Where are you?(在哪儿) Where have you been?(去了哪儿)
2.一般现在时与现在进行时
(1) He works hard.(强调始终如一) He is working hard.(强调现在)
(2) What do you do?(干什么工作的) What are you doing?(在干什么)
(3) Here comes the bus!(表高兴和欣慰) The bus is coming.(汽车到来的情景)
(4) I forget his name.I'm forgetting his name.(差点把他的名字忘了)
(5) You don't eat much.(强调胃口不大)
You're not eating much.(你怎么不吃呀。)
(6) The match starts at 7 0'clock.(比较固定，不宜改变)
The match is starting at 7 0'clock.(可以改变)
(7) Tom always comes late.Tom is always coming late.(表示不满，责备)
(8) Tom goes to college now.
Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大，后者更生动)
(9) I tell you.(我可以告诉你。)
I'm telling you.(我告诉你吧。有感情色彩)
(10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.(强调下午睡觉)
He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡觉了)
(11) I expect you to phone me.(几乎等于命令)
I'm expecting you to phone me.(婉转)
(12) What do you say?
What are you saying?(你说些什么呀?表说话人惊讶，不满)
(13) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(强调结果)
I'm finding that the book is too difficult for me.(强调过程，逐渐感到)
(14) Apples cost more these days.(强调事实)
Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵)
(15) He always thinks of others.(强调事实)
He's always thinking of others.(表示赞扬)
(16) Whenever I see him，he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后)
Whenever I see him，he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行)
(17) I hope you'll give us some advice.(语气直白)
I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转)
(18) I must go.(我应该去。)
I must be going.(我该走了。)
(19) We can discuss this while we eat.(说话时没用餐)
We can discuss this while we are eating . (进餐已开始)
It's been a long time since Isaw you last 这两句话一样，后一句是美国英语)
(20) Where are you?(在哪儿) Where have you been?(去了哪儿)
5.过去进行时与一般过去时
(1) I read a book yesterday.(书已看完)
I was reading a book yesterday.(书尚未看完)
(2) The guests arrived.(客人已到。)
The guests were arriving.(客人陆续到达。)
(3) He woke from a dream.(表示全醒)
He was waking from a dream.(表示初醒)
(4) The o1d man died.(已死)
The o1d man was dying.(要死)
(5) John told me about it(告诉我了，我都知道了)
John was telling me about it(跟我谈起过，我想了解更多的事情)
(6) They persuaded me to go along with them。(已经说服)
They were persuading me to go along with them.(还在劝说)
(7)The wind blew hard all night.(强调事实)
The wind was blowing hard all night.(强调风刮个不停)
(8) I expected you.I was expecting you.(客气，表示可能等了很久了)
(9) He knocked at the door.(强调一次性)
He was knocking at the door.(强调多次性)
6.一般将来时与现在进行时
(1) Will he come? Is he coming?(时间发生的比较近)
(2) How long will you stay here?(表示意愿)
How long will you be staying here?(表示打算)
(3) She’ll have a baby.(表示肯定)
She's going to have ababy.(表示推测，计划)
(4)I’ll see him this evening.(表示意愿)
I'm seeing him this evening.(表示打算，已有安排)
7.一般现在时与一般过去时
(1) Do you wish to see me?
Did you wish to see me?表示婉转，客气