2017中石油职称英语考试试题及答案
试题一：
怎样在书上做标记
1. You know youhave to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. Iwant to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of yourreading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unlessyou do,you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.
1、你知道读书必须要阅读，“字里行间的言外之意”，以求最充分的理解。我劝你在读书过程中做一件同等重要的事情;我劝你“在字里行间里写字”。不这样做，就达不到最有效的阅读效果。
2. I contend,quitebluntly,that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but love.
2、坦率地说，我认为，在书上涂抹标记不是一种损毁行为，而是爱。
3. You shouldn'tmark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend youbooks expect you to keep them clean,and you should. If you decide that I amright about the usefulness of marking books,you will have to buy them. Most ofthe world's great books are available today,in reprint editions,for a modestsum.
3、当然，你不应该在不属于你的书上做标记。借给你书的图书管理员(或者你的朋友)希望你保持书的整洁，你应该这样做。如果你认为我说的在书上做标记颇有益处这番话是对的，你就得自己买书。现在，绝大部分世界上的好书都有再版，我们很容易买到，并且价格合理。
4. There are twoways in which you can own a book. The first is the property right you establishby paying for it,just as you pay for clothes,and furniture. But this act ofpurchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when youhave made it a part of yourself,and the best way to make yourself a part of itis by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy abeefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's icebox to your own. But you do notown the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get itinto your bloodstream. I am arguing that books,too,must be absorbed in yourbloodstream to do you any good.
4、一个人拥有书的方式有两种，第一种是花钱取得财产所有权，就像你花钱买衣服和家具一样。但是，这种购买行为仅是拥有书的前提。只有你将它化为自己的一部分后，你才完全占有了它;同时，把你自己融入书中的最好方法就是在书中写字。打个比方可能使这个观点更清楚。你买了一块牛排，把它从屠夫的冰箱里移到了你自己的(冰箱里)。但是，从最重要的意义上说，你并没有拥有这块牛排，除非你吃下它并将它吸收进你的血液之中。我的观点是，书的营养也必须应该被“吸收到血液”中，才能对你有所裨益。
5. Confusion aboutwhat it means to own a book leads people to a false reverence forpaper,binding,and type-a respect for the physical thing-the craft of theprinter rather than the genius of the author. They forget that it is possiblefor a man to acquire that idea,to possess the beauty,which a great bookcontains,without staking his claim by pasting his bookplate inside the cover.Having a fine library doesn't prove that its owner has a mind enriched bybooks; it proves nothing more than that he,his father,or his wife,was richenough to buy them.
5、对于“拥有书籍”的真正含义的误解使人们错误地崇敬纸张、装订和样式-这是对物质的崇敬-是崇敬印刷工人的技艺，而不是书籍作者的才华。他们忘记了，即使不在封面里贴上藏书票表明自己对书籍的拥有，人们也可以从一本伟大的著作中获得它的精神，领略它的美丽。一个好书房并不能证明它的主人学富五车;仅仅说明他、他的父亲或是他的妻子有钱买书而已。
6. There are threekinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets andbest-sellers-unread,untouched. (This deluded individual owns woodpulp andink,not books.) The second has a great many books-a few of them readthrough,most Of them dipped into,but all of them as clean and shiny as the daythey were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own,but isrestrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has afew books or many every one of them dogeared and dilapidated,shaken andloosened by continual use,marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This manowns books.)
6、书籍拥有者可以分为三种。第一种人拥有全部的标准成套书和畅销书，-既没读过，也没碰过。(这种人占有的只是纸浆和油墨，不是书籍。)第二种人藏书很多-其中几本被通读过，大部分则浅尝辄止，但是所有的书都跟新买时一样整洁光亮。(这种人可能想使书籍真地为其所用，但因错误地过分关注书籍的外观而裹足不前。)第三种人藏书或多或少-因不断使用，每本书都书角卷起，破旧不堪，装订破损，书页松散，全书从扉页至末页都画满了记号，涂满了字句。(这种人才是书的真正拥有者。)
7. Is it falserespect,you may ask,to preserve intact and unblemished a beautifully printedbook,an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over afirst edition of "Paradise Lost" than I'd give my baby a set ofcrayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue.Its soul,so to speak,is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rareedition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or astatue.
7、你可能要问，将一本印刷精美、装帧雅致的书保存完好，难道也是不恰当的吗?当然不是。我绝不会在一本初版的《失乐园》上乱涂乱写，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一盒蜡笔交给我的孩子任意涂抹一样!我决不会在一幅绘画或者一座雕像上做标记。、
8. But the soul ofa book can be separated from its body. A book is more like the score of a pieceof music than it is like a painting. No great musician confuses a symphony withthe printed sheet of music. Arturo Toscanini revered Brahms,but Toscanini's scoreof the C-minor Symphony was so thoroughly marked up that no one but the maestrohimself could read it. The reason why a great conductor makes notations on hismusical scores-marks them up again and again each time he returns to studythem-is the reason why you should mark your books. If your respect formagnificent binding or typography gets in the way,buy yourself a cheap editionand pay your respects to the author.
8、但是，一本书的灵魂能够从它的躯体里分离出来。与其说它像下幅画，还不如说它更像一首乐曲的总谱。任何伟大的音乐家都不会将一首交响曲和一张印刷的乐谱相混淆。托斯卡尼尼非常崇敬博拉姆斯，但他的C小调交响曲的乐谱上画满了标记，以致只有大师本人才能看懂。为什么一个伟大的指挥家会在乐谱上做记号-甚至每次研究都会重复标记-其中的奥妙正是你应该在书上做记号的原因。如果你对华美的装帧和印刷的尊重妨碍你读书的话，就给自己买一种便宜的版本，同时对书的作者表达敬意就可以了。
9. Why is markingup a book indispensable to reading? First,it keeps you awake. (And I don't meanmerely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place,reading,if it isactive,is thinking,and thinking tends to express itself in words,spoken orwritten. That marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally,writinghelps you remember the thoughts you had,or the thoughts the author expressed.
9、为什么在阅读过程中在书上做标记是必不可少的呢?首先，它会使你保持清醒。(我指的不是仅仅神智清醒;我的意思是它能使你全神贯注。)其次，如果阅读是一种能动的行为，那么它就是思考，而想法常常须借助口头的或书面的语言来表达出来。做过记号的书，通常是读者认真思考过的书。最后，写可以帮助你记住阅读时的思想，或作者所表达的思想。
10. If reading isto accomplish anything more than passing time,it must be active. You can't letyour eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding ofwhat you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction,like,say,Gone 14h'ththe Wind,doesn't require the most active kind of reading. The books you readfor pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation,and nothing is lost. But agreat book,rich in ideas and beauty,a book that raises and tries to answergreat fundamental questions,demands the most active reading of which you are capable.You don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey3 the way you absorb the songs of apopular singer. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you'reasleep.
10、如果(你的)阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那就应该是一种积极的思维活动，仅仅让你的眼睛在书上扫视一遍，你不可能对所读的内容有所理解。当然，一部普通的消遣小说，比如说《飘》，并不需要那种最积极的思维式的阅读。作为消遣的书，可以轻松地读而不会有所失。但一本思想丰富、文字华美，试图提出带根本性的重大问题并加以回答的伟大著作，则要求你尽可能地进行最积极的阅读。你不可能像欣赏流行歌曲那样领略杜威的思想。你要花力气才能获得，漫不经心是做不到的。
11. If,when you'vefinished reading a book,the pages are filled with your notes,you know you readactively. The most famous active reader of great books I know was PresidentHutchins,of the University of Chicago. He also hadthe hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know. He invariablyread with a pencil,and sometimes,when he picked up a book and pencil in theevening,he found himself,instead of making intelligent notes,drawing what hecalled "caviar factories" on the margins. When that happened,he putthe book down. He knew he was too tired to read,and was just wasting time.
11、如果，你读完一本书的时候，书页上写满了你的批注，你就知道自己的阅读是积极的。我知道的最有名的采用积极方式阅读伟大著作的人是，芝加哥大学的校长哈金斯。他也是我所知道的公务最繁忙的人。他读书时总是拿着铅笔。有时，当他在晚上拿起书和铅笔的时候，发觉自己并没有在做有意义的笔记，而是在页边空白处乱涂乱画一些他称之为“鱼子酱工厂”的东西。一出现这种情况，他就会放下书本。他知道自己太累了以致读不下去，(再继续看书)完全是在浪费时间。
试题二：
阿尔伯达省
1. Alberta is located in the western part of Canada and is the westernmost among the Prairie Provinces. Toits west is British Columbia while to its eastis Saskatchewan.Its south borders on the U.S.state of Montana while its north borders onthe Northwest Territories.Alberta is amost popular place for people to go to on their vacations because of itsbeautiful scenery. The Canadian Rockies running through it have earned for itthe proud name of "Fifty Switzerland in One."
1、阿尔伯达省位于加拿大的西部，也是草原诸省中最西部的一个省份。它的西边是不列颠哥伦比亚省，东部是萨斯喀彻温省，它的南部与美国的蒙大拿州接壤，而北部则与西北地区相连。由于阿尔伯达省风景优美，人们都很喜欢去那里度假。纵贯全境的加拿大落矶山脉为它赢得了“集50个瑞士于一省”的美名。
2. With an area ofapproximately 255,212 square miles,equivalent to 661,000 square kilometers,itis the fourth largest province in Canada. Although it has apopulation of only 3.26 million,about one fifth of the population of Shanghai,it ranks also 4thin population among Canadian provinces. The province was named after PrincessLouis Caroline Alberta,a daughter of Queen Victoriaof England.It became a province of Canada in 1905.
2、该省面积约为255212平方英里，相当于661000平方公里，是加拿大第四大省。虽然它的人口只有326万，仅及上海人口的约五分之一，但在加拿大诸省中它的人口数也居第四位。阿尔伯达省是以英国维多利亚女皇的一个女儿路易斯·卡洛琳·阿尔伯达公主的名字命名的。它于1905年成为加拿大的一个省份。
3. The people of Alberta originally came from many differentcountries. More than half of the Albertans came from Britain. Others came from Austria,Russia and the Scandinaviancountries. As only a small number were French Canadians,who migrated to Albertafrom the eastern part of Canada,the major language spoken in the province isEnglish,with the exception of a few bilingual towns north of Edmonton. Althoughthere are only a limited number of Indians living on reservations now,twohundred years ago they were the only inhabitants in what is now called Alberta.
3、阿尔伯达省的人民最初来自很多不同的国家。其中一半以上来自英国，另一些人来自奥地利、俄国和斯堪地那维亚国家。由于只有少数从加拿大东部迁宋的法裔加拿大人，因此除了在埃德蒙顿北部有几个双语种小镇之外，该省所使用的主要语言是英语。现在，虽然只有人数有限的印第安人居住在保留地上，但是在两百多年前，他们是居住于现在称之为阿尔伯达省的唯一居民。
4. The first settlers of Alberta were cattle ranchers. Evennow,raising cattle is still one of the leading branches of economy. But atpresent many more Albertans are farmers,who raise millions of tons ofwheat,oats and barley,the also plant sugar beets and potatoes in the southernpart of the province. In the northern part,like the Indians who lived therebefore them,the hunters trap such fur-bearing animals as squirrels,beavers andfoxes. Albertais also rich in forest resources,coal and oil. It is one of the main timberproducing provinces in Canada.Owing to its rich deposit in oil,petroleum industry has become one of the mostimportant industries of the province,with many oil fields and refineries. Alberta also producesmore coal than any other province.
4、阿尔伯达省的首批移民是牧场经营者。即使时至今日，畜牧业仍然是经济的主要部门之一。但现在阿尔伯达人中更多的是农民，他们生产成百万吨的小麦、燕麦和大麦。在该省的南部他们还种植甜菜和土豆。在北部，猎人们象生活在他们之前的印第安人一样捕捉毛皮兽，诸如松鼠、河狸和狐狸等。阿尔伯达还有丰富的森林资源、煤矿和石油。它是加拿大木材的主要生产省份之一。由于该省石油蕴藏量丰富，石油工业已成为该省最重要的工业主一，油田和炼油厂比比皆是。阿尔伯达出产的煤也多于其他任何省份。
5. The provincial capital Edmonton,with a population of about1,016,000,is the second largest city in the province. The largest city is Calgary. In 1967,it had apopulation of about 330,000. But after a lapse of 40 years,it now has more than1,060,000 inhabitants. The third largest city is Lethbridge,having a population of about67,000 persons. People in those cities work in meat-packing plants,flourmills,dairies and refineries. Some work in canneries and beet-sugar factories.
5、省会埃德蒙顿人口约为101.6万，是该省第二大城市。第一大城市是卡尔加里，1967年的人口是33万，但时隔40年之后，它的居民总数已超过106万。第三大城市是莱斯桥，约有人口6、7万。这些城市的居民大多在肉类加工厂、面粉厂、乳制品厂和炼油厂工作。有的则在罐头食品厂和甜菜制糖厂工作。
6. The climate in Alberta ispleasant,particularly in summer,when the average temperature is about 60degrees Fahrenheit. In winter,it is much colder and in the north,thetemperature can drop to 20 degrees below zero. Although the best season fortraveling is the summer months of June,July and August,many tourists areattracted to the first rate skiing ground at the resorts of Banff and Jasper.
6、阿尔伯达气候宜人，特别是夏天，平均气温为华氏60度左右。冬天的`气候则要冷得多，北部的气温有时可降到零下20度。虽说旅游的最佳季节是6、7、8月的夏季，但是旅游胜地班夫和嘉思帕的第一流的滑雪场地也吸引了很多游客。
7. Albertais located in the Mountain Standard Time Zone. 12 o'clock at Noon in Edmonton is 2 p.m. EasternStandard Time.
7、阿尔伯达位于山地标准时时区。埃德蒙顿中午12点即东部标准时间下午2点。
18. Unleashing YourCreativity
释放你的创造力
1. I’ve always beenan optimist and I supposed that is rooted in my belief that the power ofcreativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.
1.我一直是个乐观主义者。我认为创新和智慧可以让世界更美好。这一观点已经深深扎根于我的信念中。
2. For as long as Ican remember, I’ve loved learning new things and solving problems. So when Isat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. Itwas a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared tothe computers we have today. But it changed my life.
2.从记事起，我就很喜欢学习新知识，解决问题。所以当我七年级第一次坐在电脑旁的时候，我一下子被吸引了。其实只是一台哐当作响的旧机器，跟现在的电脑比起来几乎什么都做不了。但是它改变了我的生活。
3. When my friendPaul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of “a computeron every desk and in every home,” which probably sounded a little toooptimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But webelieve that personal computers would change the world. And they have.
3.30年前，我和朋友保罗•艾伦开办微软的时候，我们有一个构想，那就是“每家每个桌子上都有一台电脑”。那时候大部分电脑和冰箱一样大，所以可能这个想法听起来有些太乐观了。但是我们相信个人电脑将改变世界。现在已经实现了。
4. And after 30years, I’m still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.
4.30年之后，我仍然像上七年级的时候那样为计算机而着迷。
5. I believe thatcomputers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity andinventiveness, to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn’tsolve on their own.
5.我相信电脑是最不可思议的工具。我们可以用它来满足我们的好奇心，发挥我们的独创能力，并帮助我们解决最聪明的人都不能独立解决的问题。
6. Computers havetransformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of theworld’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities around the things wecare about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matterwhere they are.
6.电脑己经改变了我们的学习方式，为孩子们提供了一个在任何地方都可以学习世界所有知识的窗口。电脑帮我们围绕我们关注的事物建立“群”，让我们和那些对我们来说很重要的人保持密切联系，不管他们身处何方。
7. Like my friendWarren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I loveto do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work”. My job atMicrosoft is as challenging as ever，but what makes me “tap-dance to work” is when we show peoplesomething new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or yourspeech, or one that can store a lifetime’s worth ofphotos，and they say: “I didn’t know you can do that with a PC!”
7.像我的朋友沃伦•巴菲特一样，我为自己可以每天做喜欢的事情感到非常幸运。他把这个称之为“跳着踢踏舞去工作”。我在微软的工作总充满挑战，但是让我“跳着踢踏舞去工作”的是当我们给人们介绍新产品的时候，比如一台可以识别指纹或者语音的电脑或者一台能够储存一生的珍贵照片的电脑，人们惊讶地说：“我无法想象你竟然可以用个人电脑做到这个。”
8. But for all thecool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we canput our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There arestill far too many people in the world whose basic needs go unmet. Every year,for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent ortreat in the developed world.
8.但是，除了能用电脑做出很酷的事情之外，我们还可以用其他方式发挥创造力和智慧以改变世界。世界上还有很多很多人连基本需要都无法被满足。比如，每年有数百万人死于在发达国家很容易预防和治疗的疾病。
9. I believe thatmy own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world.My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in away that can help as many people as possible.
9.我相信我自己的巨额财富也使我负有回馈社会的责任。我的妻子梅林达和我致力于为尽可能多的人改善健康和教育。
10. As a father, Ibelieve that the death of a child in Africa isno less poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else and that itdoesn’t take much to make an immense difference in these children’s lives.
10.作为一个父亲，我相信非洲一个孩子的死亡和其他任何地方一个孩子的死亡一样令人心酸，悲痛不已。让这些孩子的命运彻底改变并不费事。
11. I’m still verymuch an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world’s toughestproblems is possible — and it’s happening every day. We’re seeing new drugs fordeadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the healthproblems in the developing world.
11.我仍然是个非常乐观的人，我相信甚至是世界上最棘手的问题也可能会有进展一一这种事情每天都在发生。我们正在见证在发展中国家，治疗绝症的新药出现，新的诊断工具投入使用，医学问题受到更多关注。
12. I’m excited bythe possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, fortechnology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativityand willingness to solve tough problems, we’re going to make some amazing achievementsin all these areas in my lifetime.
12.我为医药、教育，当然还有技术发展的诸多前景而欢欣鼓舞。我相信，凭借人类与生俱来的发明创造能力和不畏艰难、坚韧不拔的品格，在我的有生之年里我们将在所有这些领域都创造出可喜的成就。
Wordsand Expressions
hooked [hukt]adj.钩状的，入迷的，吸毒成瘾的
clunk [klʌŋk] n.沉闷的金属声v.发出沉闷声
teletype machine 电传打字机
curiosity [,kjuəri'ɔsiti] n.好奇心
inventiveness [in'ventivnis] 有发明创造能力，独创性，独创能力
tap dancing n.踢踏舞
unmet [ʌn'met] adj.未满足的，未相遇的，未应付的
immense [i'mens] adj.极广大的，无边的，非常好的
19. The Principles ofInternational <原18>
Trade国际贸易原理
1. Internationaltrade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goodsand services produced in another country. There are several reasons whyinternational trade exists.
1.国际贸易是一个国家所生产的商品和服务和另一个国家所生产的商品和服务之间的交换。这样做的原因是多方面的。
2. The distribution of natural resourcesaround the world is somewhat haphazard: some nations possess natural depositsin excess of their own requirements while other nations have none. For example,Britainhas large reserves of coal but lacks many minerals such as nickel, copper,aluminum, etc., whereas the Arab states have vast oil deposits but little else.In the cultivation of natural products climate plays a decisive role. Someproducts will only grow in tropical climates whereas others, such as citrusfruits, require a Mediterranean climate. Moreover, some nations are unable toproduce sufficient quantities of a particular product to satisfy a large homedemand. For example, Britaindoes not produce enough wheat to meet the needs of its population. These arethe reasons why international trade first began.
2.世界自然资源的分布是带有随意性的。有些国家所拥有的天然资源超过了本身的需要，而别的国家则没有。例如，英国煤的储藏量很丰富，但是很多矿藏，如镍、铜和铝等都很缺乏;阿拉伯国家拥有巨大的石油矿藏，但是其他资源则很少。在天然作物的培育过程中，气候起到决定性的作用。有一些作物只适宜在热带气候的条件下生长，而像柑桔类的水果等其他作物则需要地中海型的气候。此外，有些国家的某个产品的生产不能满足国内的巨大需求，例如英国的小麦就是这样。这些就是国际贸易开始出现的原因。
3. With the development of manufacturing andtechnology, there arose another incentive for nations to exchange theirproducts. It was found that it made economic sense for a nation to specializein certain activities and produce those goods for which it had the mostadvantages, and to exchange those goods for the products of other nations whichhad advantages in different fields. This trade is based on the principle ofcomparative advantage.
3.随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了新的因素促使国家之间进行产品交换。人们发现，如果一个国家专门从事一定的生产活动，生产它拥有最大优势的产品，并用这些商品同在其他方面拥有优势的国家所生产的产品进行交换，那在经济上是合算的。这种贸易是在比较优势原则的基础上进行的。
4. The theory of comparative advantage, alsocalled the comparative cost theory, was developed by David Ricardo and othereconomists in the nineteenth century. It points out that trade betweencountries can be profitable for all. Even if one of the countries can produceevery commodity more cheaply, as long as there are minor relative differencesin the efficiency of producing a commodity even the poor country can have acomparative advantage in producing it. The paradox is best illustrated by thistraditional example: the best lawyer in town is also the best typist in town.Since this lawyer cannot afford to give up precious time from legal affairs, atypist is hired who may be less efficient than the lawyer in both legal andtyping matters. But the typist's comparative disadvantage is least in typing.Therefore, the typist has a relative comparative advantage in typing.
4.比较优势学说又称比较成本学说，是由大卫，李嘉图和其他19世纪的经济学家所建立的。该理论指出，即使有某个国家能以较低的成本生产每一种商品，国家之间的贸易对所有国家仍会有好处。只要在生产一种商品的效率上存在着小的相对的差别，即使是穷国在生产上也会有比较优势。这种似非而是的理论能够用下面的传统例子最恰当地予以说明。某城最好的律师同时也是最好的打字员。这个律师不能放弃他处理法律事务的宝贵时间，就雇用了一名打字员。这个打字员可能在法律和打字方面都不如这位律师，但是这个打字员的相对劣势在打字方面是最小的。因此，这名打字员在打字方面就有比较优势。
5. This principle is the basis ofspecialization into trades and occupations. At the same time, completespecialization may never occur even when it is economically advantageous. Forstrategic or domestic reasons, a country may continue to produce goods to whichit does not have an advantage. The benefits of specialization may also beaffected by transport costs: goods and raw materials have to be transposedaround the world and the cost of the transport narrows the limits between whichit will prove profitable to trade. Another impediment to the free flow of goodsbetween nations is the possible introduction of artificial barriers to trade,such as tariffs or quotas.
5.这个原则是实行贸易和职业专业分工的基础。但是，完全的专业分工可能永远也不会实现，即使从经济的角度来看是有利的。由于战略和国内的 原因，一个国家可能仍然要生产它并不具有优势的产品。专业分工的好处也 可能会受到运输费用的影响，因为要在世界范围内进行货物和原料的运输，运输的费用使得贸易获利的范围缩小。国家之间货物自由流通的另一个障碍是可能采用人为的贸易壁垒，例如关税和配额。
6. In addition tovisible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise,there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services betweennations.
6.除了有形贸易(即指商品和货物的进出口)以外，还有无形贸易。这是指国家之间服务的交换。
7. Nations such as Greeceand Norwayhave large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kindof invisible trade. When an exporter arranges shipment, he rents space in thecargo compartment of a ship.
7.希腊、挪威等国拥有庞大的海运船队。提供运输服务，这是无形贸易的一种。当一个出口商安排货运时，他就可以租用船只货舱的舱位。
8. The prudent exporter purchases insurancefor his cargo's voyage. While at sea, a cargo is vulnerable to many dangers.Thus, insurance is another service in which some nations specialize. Great Britain, because of the development ofLloyd' of London,is a leading exporter of this service, earning fees for insuring other nations'foreign trade.
8.谨慎的出口商为他的货物运输办理保险。在海上，货物会遇到各种危险。所以一些国家专门从事保险服务。由于伦敦劳埃德保险公司的发展，英国是这种服务的主要出口国，它为其他国家的对外贸易承担保险而赚取费用。
9. Some nationspossess little in the way of exportable commodities or manufactured goods, butthey have a mild and sunny climate. During the winter, the Bahamas attract large numbers oftourists who spend money for hotel accommodation, meals, taxis, and so on.Tourism, therefore, is another form of invisible trade.
9.有些国家没有可供出口的初级产品或者制成品，但是这些国家风和日丽、气候宜人。在冬季，巴哈马群岛吸引着大量的旅游者，他们住旅馆、就餐、坐出租汽车等方面都要花钱。因此，旅游业是无形贸易的另一种形式。
10. Invisible tradecan be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials orcommodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn money to buynecessities.
10.无形贸易对一些国家来说，就像原料和商品的出口对别的国家那样重要。在这两种情况下，这些国家都能赚到钱去购买他们所需要的商品。
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