职称英语卫生类阅读理解

时间：2022-08-26 18:45:19 职称英语我要投稿

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2017职称英语卫生类阅读理解

　　职称英语对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。下面是小编整理的卫生类C级阅读理解题，希望能帮到大家!

2017职称英语卫生类阅读理解

　　Medical Education

　　In 18th century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at King's College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.

　　Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King's College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University.

　　In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私营的) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association(AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners (开业医师) that survive to this day.

　　By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 1424 medical colleges recognized by the Liaison(联络) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. D. degree; during the 1987-1988academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (实习期) , receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.

　　11. In 18th century America, higher institutions of learning that taught medicine __________.

　　A. did not exist

　　B. were few in number

　　C. were better than those in Europe

　　D. were known for their teaching hospitals

　　12. Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America __________.

　　A. had established professionals

　　B. had good facilities

　　C. had high standards

　　D. were in poor conditions

　　13. The AMA and AAMC established standards so as to __________.

　　A. recruit more students

　　B. set up more schools of medicine

　　C. ensure the quality of medical teaching and practice

　　D. prevent medical schools from making huge profits

　　14. After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice __________.

　　A. if they have worked in a laboratory

　　B. if they have studied abroad for some time

　　C. if they have obtained an M. D. degree

　　D. if they have passed an examination

　　15. This passage is mainly about __________.

　　A. how medicine is taught in America

　　B. how medical education has developed in America

　　C. how the American educational system works

　　D. how one can become a good doctor

　　U. S. Life Expectancy Hits New High

　　Life expectancy rates in the United States are at an all-time high, with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years, a new federal study finds.

　　The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in 1955, when the average American lived to be 69.6 years old. By 1995, life expectancy was 75.8 years, and by2005, it had risen to 77.9 years, according to the report released Wednesday.

　　"This is good news." said report co-author Donna Hoyert, a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics. "It's even better news that it is a continuation of trends, so it is a long period of continuing improvement."

　　Despite the upward trend, the United States still has a lower life expectancy than some 40 other countries, according to the U. S. Census (人口普查)Bureau. The country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years, followed by Japan, Macau, San Marino and Singapore.

　　Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country-heart disease, cancer and stroke.

　　In addition, in 2005, the U. S. death rate dropped to an all-time low of less than- 800 deaths per100,000.

　　Dr. David Katz, director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine, said, "News that life expectancy is increasing is, of course, good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U. S."

　　Adding years to life is a good thing, Katz said. "But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well, and not just longer, we still have our work cutout for us." he said.

　　6. Since 1955, life expectancy rates in the U. S. have ___________.

　　A. moved up and down

　　B. been declining

　　G. remained steady

　　D. been on the rise

　　7. Compared with the country with the longest life expectancy, the U. S. is__________.

　　A. nearly 3 years behind

　　B. nearly 4 years behind

　　C. nearly 6 years behind

　　D. nearly 8 years behind

　　8. The increase in the U. S. life expectancy is mostly due to __________.

　　A. declining death rates from heart disease, cancer and stroke