考研英语阅读理解和翻译

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考研英语阅读理解和翻译

　　在各个领域，我们最熟悉的就是练习题了，通过这些形形色色的习题，使得我们得以有机会认识事物的方方面面，认识概括化图式多样化的具体变式，从而使我们对原理和规律的认识更加的深入。那么你知道什么样的习题才能有效帮助到我们吗？以下是小编整理的考研英语阅读理解和翻译习题，欢迎阅读与收藏。

考研英语阅读理解和翻译

　　考研英语阅读理解和翻译 1

　　The world is goingthrough the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. Theprocess sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emergingcountries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at thisprocess and worrying: “Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollableanti-competitive force?"

　　Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and morepowerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% ofinternational trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growingrapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment ofproduction in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. InArgentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationalswent from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largestfirms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smallereconomic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of theworld economy。

　　I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&Awave are the same that underlie the globalization process: fallingtransportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers andenlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customersdemands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. Asproductivity grows, the worlds wealth increases。

　　Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave arescanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms todaycould re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly acentury ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergersof telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices forconsumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary,the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration isincreasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it doesnot appear that consumers are being hurt。

　　Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. Afew weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the bankingindustry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of lastresort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Wont multinationalsshift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict aboutinfringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself therole of“defending competition" on issues that affect many othernations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?

　　33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?

　　[A]To take in more foreign funds

　　[B]To invest more abroad

　　[C]To combine and become bigger

　　[D]To trade with more countries

　　34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behindM&A wave is _________。

　　[A]the greater customer demands

　　[B]a surplus supply for the market

　　[C]a growing productivity

　　[D]the increase of the worlds wealth

　　35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that _________。

　　[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers

　　[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs

　　[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous

　　[D]the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition

　　36. Toward the new business wave, the writers attitude can be saidto be _________。

　　[A]optimistic

　　[B]objective

　　[C]pessimistic

　　[D]biased

　　>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

　　33. What is the typical trend of businesses today? 今天的商业典型的发展趋势是什么?

　　[A]To take in more foreign funds 吸收更多外资

　　[B]To invest more abroad 进行更多对外投资

　　[C]To combine and become bigger 合并做强

　　[D]To trade with more countries 与更多国家贸易

　　【答案】 C

　　【考点】事实细节题。

　　【分析】文章第一段中说“世界正在经历一场前所未有的最大的的并购浪潮。这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国开始，横扫欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家”，因此可以判断正确答案是[C]。

　　34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behindM&A wave is _______。

　　根据本文作者，在合并浪潮背后的一个驱动力是______。

　　[A]the greater customer demands 更大的消费需求

　　[B]a surplus supply for the market 对市场的剩余供给

　　[C]a growing productivity 日益增长的生产率

　　[D]the increase of the world’s wealth 世界财富的增长

　　【答案】 A

　　【考点】事实细节题。

　　【分析】根据“合并浪潮的推动力”可以定位到第三段。在作者看来，“日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产，是推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量”。将四个选项对比这三个因素，只有[A]包括了根据顾客的需要扩大市场这个因素。

　　35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that _____。

　　从第四段中我们可以推断出_____。

　　[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers

　　日益增长的集中肯定会损害消费者的利益

　　[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs

　　世通就是一个合并利与弊的好例子

　　[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous

　　全球化进程的成本很高

　　[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition

　　标准石油托拉斯或许已经威胁到竞争

　　【答案】 D

　　【考点】推断题。

　　【分析】 [A]“日益增长的集中肯定会损害消费者的利益”与原文第四段第一句不符合，因为作者说“这股合并浪潮是带来益处还是弊端的实例还很少”，因此很难说肯定会带来损害。[B]提到“世通”，说是一个带来利益和降低成本的好例子。这句说是“价格没有随着合并而提高”，并没有提到价格降低问题，因此，合并虽然没有伤害消费者，也没有给他们带来利益。[C]本段没有涉及。[D]可以从文中“很难想像当今的几个石油公司的合并能够再次造成像100年前美国标准石油托拉斯对竞争形成的威胁”，这说明当年这个石油公司肯定曾经对竞争造成巨大威胁。

　　36. Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitudecan be said to be _____。

　　作者看待新的商业浪潮的态度可以说是_______。

　　[A]optimistic 乐观的

　　[B]objective 客观的

　　[C]pessimistic 悲观的

　　[D]biased 歧视的

　　【答案】 B

　　【考点】作者态度题。

　　【分析】本题考查考生是否了解作者的态度。文中作者提到了“合并”的益处，但是同时也在第四段中提到“我们必须警惕这样的合并浪潮”。作者是从两个方面来谈论这个问题的，因此我们可以判断作者的态度应该是客观的。

　　难句解析：

　　1. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role ofsmaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stabilityof the world economy。

　　【结构分析】本题的主干是“This phenomenon has created serious concerns”，两个“over”引导介宾短语，是并列的成分，做“concern”的定语。而“of smaller economic firms”与“of nationalbusinessmen”都是第一个“role”的定语。

　　2. I believe that the most important forces behind the massiveM&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: fallingtransportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers andenlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands。

　　【结构分析】本句主句是“I believe ”，“that”引导一个宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中，后面的'“that”前面省略了“forces”，这个“that”引导一个定语从句，修饰这个省略的“forces”。冒号后面的部分是“the most important forces”的同位语，其中“markets”后面的“that”引导定语从句修饰“markets”，“capable ofmeeting customers demands”是“operations”的定语。

　　全文翻译：

　　世界正在经历一场前所未有的最大的的并购浪潮。这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国开始，横扫欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。这些国家的许多人面对这个浪潮，倍感忧虑：“商业集中的浪潮会不会演变成一股无法控制的反竞争的力量?”

　　无疑，大企业正在变得更大、更强。1982年，跨国公司占国际贸易不到20%的份额。而如今，这个数字已经超过25%，并且还在迅速上升。在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的经济体中，国际分公司在生产中也正占据一个越来越大的份额。比如，在阿根廷，经过90年代初的改革之后，跨国公司在200家大型企业的工业生产中从43%增加到几乎70%。这个现象使人们开始重视小型企业和民族资本的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定。

　　我认为，日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产，是推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量。所有这些对消费者来说都是有益而无害的。随着生产力的提高，世界的财富也在增长。

　　这股合并浪潮是带来益处还是弊端的实例还很少。但是很难想像当今的几个石油公司的合并能够再次造成像100年前美国标准石油托拉斯对竞争形成的威胁，人们当时很害怕这家公司，结果导致了它最终的解散。像世通这样的通讯公司的合并似乎不会抬高消费价格，或者减缓技术进步的速度，与之相反的是通信的价格的快速下降。汽车行业的合并也同样在增加——瞧瞧戴姆勒与克莱斯勒，雷诺与尼桑的合并——但看起来消费者并未受到伤害。

　　但是有一个事实，那就是合并必须受到密切关注。就在几星期以前，格林斯潘对银行业的大规模合并发出了警告。正在创建的这样的巨大的银行一旦出现，谁来充当最终的借贷者，谁来发挥监督、规范和运作的作用呢?当一个国家对破坏公平竞争的行为的处理过于严厉时，跨国公司会不会把它们的生产从一地转到另一地呢?在那些将会影响许多其他国家的问题上，一个国家是否应该发挥“保护竞争”的作用，就如同美国政府对微软公司案例那样?

　　考研英语阅读理解和翻译 2

　　The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems， and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week： “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”

　　Ever since the war， the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success： Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university， a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south， and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.

　　The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north， however. With nearly 100 percent employment， everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.

　　The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population， but they are an important part of it， because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.

　　1.The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to

　　[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.

　　[B] slow down the rate of its development.

　　[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.

　　[D] develop more quickly than at present.

　　2.The Norwegian Government has tried to

　　[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.

　　[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.

　　[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.

　　[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.

　　3.According to the passage， the oil industry might lead northern Norway to

　　[A] the development of industry.

　　[B] a growth in population.

　　[C] the failure of the development programme.

　　[D] the development of new towns.

　　4.In the south， one effect to the development of the oil industry might be

　　[A] a large reduction on unemployment.

　　[B] a growth in the tourist industry.

　　[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.

　　[D] the development of a number of service industries.

　　5.Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because

　　[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.

　　[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.

　　[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.

　　[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.

　　Vocabulary

　　1.Norwegian 挪威的;挪威人

　　2.coastline 海岸线

　　3.recognition 承认;认识;赞赏

　　4.countryside 乡下;乡民

　　难句译注

　　1.A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.

　　【结构简析】用两个分号连接三句句子。

　　【参考译文】一条新的法律限制人们仅在长长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探考察;规定了石油生产限量(虽然已提高);石油公司雇佣外国工人不许超出限定额。

　　2.With nearly 100 percent employment， everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry.

　　【参考译文】由于将近百分之一百就业率，每个人都能看出形式发展中服务行业和旅游行业的大部分工人会跑到石油工业方面去。

　　3.Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population， but they are an important part of it， because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian.

　　【结构简析】复合句。在because状语从句中that是定语从句修饰qualities.

　　【参考译文】虽然农民和渔民并不占人口的绝大多数，可是他们都是人口的重要组成不分，因为挪威人在他们身上看到许多他们自豪地认为是挪威人的基本品质。

　　写作方法与文章大意

　　文章论述“挪威政府意欲控制石油工业”。采用对比写法。先提出政府新政策的种种限制。但石油工业有办法对付。人们都认为限制难以长久。其次讲述，从战时起，挪威政府一直执行开发北极圈北部地区的发展规划，也取得成功。但石油工业已经开始向南方进军，北方政策可能会失败。石油工业之影响超出北方，有些企业缩小，减少。最后一段是讲争论的焦点：石油对挪威生活方式构成了威胁，具体表现在对挪威理想的代表――渔民和农民的威胁。

　　答案详解

　　1.B 减慢发展速率。文章开始就阐明挪威政府正竭尽全力把石油工业控制起来，制定新法律来限制勘探开采，限制产量，限制雇佣外国工人人数。

　　A. 为外国工人提供更多的.工作。C.卖掉正在国外生产的石油。D.比现在发展更快。

　　2.D 使石油工业保持在接近现在的规模。

　　A. 鼓励石油公司去发现新石油资源。B.制止石油公司雇佣来自挪威北方的人。C.帮助石油公司解决许多问题。

　　3.C 发展规划的失败。这在第二段最后一句：“可是石油工业已经开始把人们吸引到南方去，所以不出几年，整个北方政策可能成泡影。”

　　A.工业发展。B.人口增长。D.新城市的发展。文内没有涉及。

　　4.C 现存工业数的减少。第三段开始“可是石油工业的影响并不仅仅限于北方。近百分之一百的就业率，使每个人都见到发展的势头，服务业和旅游业的好多工人转向石油工业。某些较小的工业，在从国外购进货物更便宜的情况下，很可能会全部消失。”这说明工业数减少。

　　A.大大减少失业。B.旅游行业增长。D.许多服务公司发展。文内没有提。

　　5.B 他们的生活和价值代表了挪威人的理想。

　　A.他们组成了那么大一部分挪威理想。C.他们的工作对挪威社会的其他方面非常有用。D.他们认为石油是对挪威生活方式的威胁。最后一段第一句话：“对石油真正的争论点是它对挪威生活方式的一种威胁。”并不是他们认为威胁。

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