- 相关推荐
考研英语阅读真题翻译答案（精选5篇）
无论是身处学校还是步入社会，我们都要用到试题，试题是命题者根据一定的考核需要编写出来的。你知道什么样的试题才是好试题吗？以下是小编为大家整理的考研英语阅读真题翻译答案，希望能够帮助到大家。
考研英语阅读真题翻译答案 1
Specialization canbe seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation ofscientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units,one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis forfurther research. But specialization was only one of a series of relateddevelopments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was thegrowing professionalisation of scientific activity。
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals andamateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Neverthelss, the word“amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integratedinto the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share itsvalues. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with itsconsequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greaterproblems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally mostobvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical orlaboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development ofgeology in the United Kingdom。
A comparison of British geological publications over the lastcentury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy ofresearch, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptableresearch paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studiesrepresented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentiethcentury, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionalsonly if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the oldway. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geologicaljournals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by thewidespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in thetwentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separatejournals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateurreadership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,where the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way。
Although the process of professionalisation and specialization wasalready well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, itsfull consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In sciencegenerally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucialperiod for this change in the structure of science。
21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as _________。
[A]sociology and chemistry
[B]physics and psychology
[C]sociology and psychology
[D]physics and chemistry
22. We can infer from the passage that _________。
[A]there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalisation
[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity
[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate_________。
[A]the process of specialization and professionalisation
[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
[C]the change of policies in scientific publications
[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
24. The direct reason for specialization is _________。
[A]the development in communication
[B]the growth of professionalisation
[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge
[D]the splitting up of academic societies
21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as_________.
19世纪专业化的发展在_______等科学领域容易看的更加清楚。
[A]sociology and chemistry 社会学和化学
[B]physics and psychology 物理学和心理学
[C]sociology and psychology 社会学和心理学
[D]physics and chemistry 物理学和化学
【答案】 D
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 根据题干定位到第二段第三、四句，文中提到“专业化要求更长时间、更复杂的培训，给参与科学活动的业余人士带来了更大的问题。在特别是以数学和实验为基础的那些科学领域里，这一倾向自然表现得最为明显，英国地质学领域的发展充分地说明了这一点”。在这四个选择项中，[A]、[B]、[C]都提到了“文科学科”，只有[D]选项中的“物理学和化学”均是“以数学和实验作为基础的科学”，因此可以推断[D]选项符合原文，是正确答案。
22. We can infer from the passage that _____. 从本文可以推断出______。
[A] there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalization
在专业化和职业化之间几乎没有区别
[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas ofscience
业余人士在某些领域和专业人士可以竞争
[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity
专业人士看上去是欢迎业余人士加入科学团体的
[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
业余人士看起来只有全国性的学术协会，但是没有地方性的学术协会
【答案】 B
【考点】 推断题。
【分析】 选项[A]中提到“专业化和职业化之间几乎没有区别”，而实际上，它们指的是“不同的领域和方向”，“specialization”针对“研究对象”，“professionalization”针对“研究者”，因此可以排除。选项[C]说“专业人士看上去是欢迎业余人士加入科学团体”这种说法也是不对的，因为专业化的发展使得业余人士受到排挤。[D]选项明显错误，因为文中提到“既有全国性的学术协会，又有地方性的学术协会”。第三段指出“局部的研究(local studies)只有在能被纳入并反映出更广泛研究框架的时候，才为专业人士所接受”。这说明，某些方面的研究是为专业研究者所认可的，同时说明了业余研究与职业研究并存的状况。既然是并存的，就说明在某个地方是可以竞争的。因此选择[B]。
23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate______。
作者提到地质学发展是为了说明______。
[A] the process of specialization and professionalization
专业化和职业化的过程
[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
业余人士在科学研究方面的艰辛
[C] the change of policies in scientific publications
科技出版政策的变化
[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
职业人士对业余人士的歧视
【答案】 A
【考点】 作者目的题。
【分析】 根据题干“地质学发展”定位到第二段末尾和第三段，第三段主要讲的是地质学的发展;以及第四段第一句“虽然职业化和专业化过程早在19世纪已在英国的地质学领域展开，但直到20世纪我们才看到其全面影响”，因此可以判断这里的正确答案是[A]。[B]选项认为是“业余研究者在科学研究方面的艰辛”。例子中虽然提到了专业化给业余研究者带来的不利影响. 但是从整体来看，那个不是重点，地质学的例子主要是为了说明“专业化和职业化过程的形成及其影响”。
24. The direct reason for specialization is _______. 造成专业化的直接原因是_______。
[A] the development in communication 交流的发展
[B] the growth of professionalization 职业化的发展
[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge 科学知识的扩展
[D] the splitting up of academic societies 学术团体的分化
【答案】 C
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 本题要求考生找出现象间的因果关系。全文开篇就指出，“专业化过程可以被看做是对日益积累的科学知识的反应”。这句话的含义实际上就是“科学知识的积累促进了专业化”。因此可以判定[C]是正确选项。[A]选项是不对的，因为根据其中的“交流”一词可以定位到第一段，文中提到“专业化影响了交流过程”，而不是反之。[B]不对，“专业化是随着知识的进一步分类而产生的，是和职业化同时产生的”，不是其成因。[D]为专业化的结果。
难句解析：
1. Nevertheless, the word“amateur”does carry aconnotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into thescientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values。
【结构分析】本句的主句是“the word‘amateur’does carry a connotation”，后面有一个“that”引导的同位语从句，解释“connotation”，而这个同位语从句中有两个并列谓语。
2. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of sciencebased especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can beillustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom。
【结构分析】本句的主干是“The trend was naturally most obvious… and can beillustrated…”。主语是“the trend”，两个谓语部分为“was obvious”和“can be illustrated”。前一个部分中“based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training”是过去分词做后置定语修饰“areas of science”。
3. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced bythe widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentiethcentury。
【结构分析】本句的主干结构是“The overall result has been to do sth。”。逗号后面只是一个名词性的短语，其关键词是“a result”，是前面句子主语的同位语，在其内部主要是一个“that”引导的定语从句，而定语从句中又有两个并列的状语“first by..., and then by.。.”。
4. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way。
【结构分析】这是一个并列句，由“whereas”(而)连接两个分句，说明了两种情况，前一个分句的主干是“A process of differentiation has led to professional geologists”，而后面说“theamateurs have tended either to remain…or to come…”。
全文翻译：
专业化可被看作针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。通过将学科细分为各个小的单元，个人能够继续处理这些信息并将它们作为进一步研究的基础。但是专业化仅仅是一系列相关科学进步中影响交流过程的的一个。另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。
在科学领域内，职业人士与业余人士之间没有明确的`区分：任何规律都有其例外。但是“业余”这个词的确具有一种含义，即相关的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体，尤其是他可能并不完全认同他们的价值观。19世纪的专业化的发展，导致了对更长更复杂的训练的要求，意味着业余人员进入科学界会遇到更大的困难。特别是在以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领域，这种倾向自然尤为明显，这可以通过英国的地质学发展过程得到证实。
对过去一个半世纪的英国地质出版物所进行的比较表明不但人们对研究首要性的重视程度在不断增加，而且对什么是可以接受的论文的定义也在不断变化。因此，在19世纪，局部的地质研究本身就代表了一种有价值的研究;而到了20世纪，如果局部的研究能够被职业人员接受，那么它就必须结合和思考一个更加广阔的地质面貌。另一方面，业余人员继续以传统方式从事局部的研究。结果，业余人员在职业化地质学杂志发表文章更加困难。审稿制度首先在19世纪的全国性杂志中实行，后来在20世纪一些地方性地质杂志中也开始实行，这使这个结果得到进一步加强。这样发展的必然结果是出现了针对专业读者和业余读者的不同杂志。类似的分化过程也导致职业地质学家聚集起来，形成一两个全国性的团体，而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中，要么以不同方式组成全国性的团体。
虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中已经得到迅速发展，但是它的效果一直拖到20世纪才充分显示出来。然而，从整个科学来看，19世纪必须被视为科学结构发生该变化的关键阶段。
考研英语阅读真题翻译答案 2
Need for Emphasis on Treatment
AIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people. An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report.
“Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,” the WHO said in the 169?page World Health Report.
WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs.
“Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,” Lee said.
“By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss,” he added. Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $150.
Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available.
Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said. Since its discovery in the 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries.
1. Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries?
A. They put too little emphasis on treatment.
B. They are not receiving any treatment.
C. They refuse to be treated.
D. They live longer than those in developed countries.
2.The WHO publishes its World Health Report.
A. once every two years.
B. once a decade.
C. once a year.
D. twice a year.
3.According to Lee, our response to the AIDS disease is
A. a matter of great significance.
B. a matter of little significance.
C. overemphasized.
D. timely
4.AIDS treatment programs may also result in
A. better drugs.
B. lower yearly cost.
C. more effective prevention.
D. greater emphasis on treatment.
5.How many people have died of AIDS so far?
A.36 million.
B. 46 million.
C. Around 440,000.
D. More than 20 million.
答案：B、C、A、C、D
考研英语阅读真题翻译答案 3
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earths resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.
a.food
b.oil
c.space
d.resources
2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____
a.it might be possible to change its atmosphere b.its atmosphere is the same as the earths c.there is a good supply of water on Venus d.the days on Venus are long enough 3.On Venus there is a lot of ________. a.water
b.carbon dioxide
c.carbon monoxide
d.oxygen
4.Algae are plants that can____. a.live in very hot temperatures b.live in very cold temperatures c.manufacture oxygen
d.all of the above
5. Man can land on Venus only when_______. a.the algae have done their work b.the atmosphere becomes cooler c.thereis oxygen
d.it rains there
答案：cabdd
考研英语阅读真题翻译答案 4
New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.
Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France,and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it , and the Americans under General And rew Jackson.
The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river.
Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which,form many years,was its only law.
New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town----but its still fun to visit.
1.What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans? a.The Mississippi frequently floods the city. b.The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years. c.The torrential rains flood the city frequently. d.The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled. 2.The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against______.
a.France
b.Britain
c.Spain
d.The North
3.The Code Napoleon was _______. a.an agreement to sell Louisiana b.a body of laws
c.a city plan
d.a military code for the army
4.Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of New Orleans?
a.Pride in their French heritage.
b.A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings. c.A refusal to engage in trade and commerce d.A praising of Dixieland Jazz. 5.Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to
encounter_____.
a.Creole food
b.Dixieland jazz
c.bustling city
d.authentic colonial homes
13/200答案： bbbcc
考研英语阅读真题翻译答案 5
The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.
1.What is the best possible title of the passage? a.Drug and Food
b.Cancer and Health
c.Food and Health
d.Health and Drug
2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture? a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons b.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals
c.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years. d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world. 3.How has science done something harmful to mankind? a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.
b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.
c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.
d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.
4.What are nitrates used for?
a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods. b.They preserve the color of meats. c.They are the objects of research.
d.They cause the animals to become fatter.
5.The word carcinogenic most nearly means _____. a.trouble-making
b.color-retaining
c.money-making
d.cancer-causing
答案：cacbd
【考研英语阅读真题翻译答案】相关文章：
考研英语阅读真题及答案07-03
考研英语阅读真题答案解析03-08
考研英语阅读理解真题及答案03-08
2017考研英语翻译真题及答案03-19
考研英语阅读理解翻译历年真题03-08
考研英语阅读理解真题答案解析03-08
考研英语阅读真题03-06
考研英语阅读翻译答案03-08
2017考研英语真题及答案02-27