三八妇女节的来历
3.8国际妇女节是全世界妇女的节日。这个日子是联合国承认的，同时也被很多国家确定为法定假日。下面是小编整理的关于三八妇女节的来历，欢迎参考!
三八妇女节的来历
International Women's Day (8 March) is an occasion marked by women's groups around the world. This date is also commemorated at the United Nations and is designated in many countries as a national holiday. When women on all continents, often divided by national boundaries and by ethnic, linguistic, cultural, economic and political differences, come together to celebrate their Day, they can look back to a tradition that represents at least nine decades of struggle for equality, justice, peace and development.
International Women's Day is the story of ordinary women as makers of history; it is rooted in the centuries-old struggle of women to participate in society on an equal footing with men. In ancient Greece, Lysistrata initiated a sexual strike against men in order to end war; during the French Revolution, Parisian women calling for "liberty, equality, fraternity" marched on Versailles to demand women's suffrage.
The idea of an International Women's Day first arose at the turn of the century, which in the industrialized world was a period of expansion and turbulence, booming population growth and radical ideologies. Following is a brief chronology of the most important events:
1909
In accordance with a declaration by the Socialist Party of America, the first National Woman's Day was observed across the United States on 28 February. Women continued to celebrate it on the last Sunday of that month through 1913.
1910
The Socialist International, meeting in Copenhagen, established a Women's Day, international in character, to honour the movement for women's rights and to assist in achieving universal suffrage for women. The proposal was greeted with unanimous approval by the conference of over 100 women from 17 countries, which included the first three women elected to the Finnish parliament. No fixed date was selected for the observance.
1911
As a result of the decision taken at Copenhagen the previous year, International Women's Day was marked for the first time (19 March) in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, where more than one million women and men attended rallies. In addition to the right to vote and to hold public office, they demanded the right to work, to vocational training and to an end to discrimination on the job.
Less than a week later, on 25 March, the tragic Triangle Fire in New York City took the lives of more than 140 working girls, most of them Italian and Jewish immigrants. This event had a significant impact on labour legislation in the United States, and the working conditions leading up to the disaster were invoked during subsequent observances of International Women's Day.
1913-1914
As part of the peace movement brewing on the eve of World War I, Russian women observed their first International Women's Day on the last Sunday in February 1913. Elsewhere in Europe, on or around 8 March of the following year, women held rallies either to protest the war or to express solidarity with their sisters.
1917
With 2 million Russian soldiers dead in the war, Russian women again chose the last Sunday in February to strike for "bread and peace". Political leaders opposed the timing of the strike, but the women went on anyway. The rest is history: Four days later the Czar was forced to abdicate and the provisional Government granted women the right to vote. That historic Sunday fell on 23 February on the Julian calendar then in use in Russia, but on 8 March on the Gregorian calendar in use elsewhere.
Since those early years, International Women's Day has assumed a new global dimension for women in developed and developing countries alike. The growing international women's movement, which has been strengthened by four global United Nations women's conferences, has helped make the commemoration a rallying point for coordinated efforts to demand women's rights and participation in the political and economic process. Increasingly, International Women's Day is a time to reflect on progress made, to call for change and to celebrate acts of courage and determination by ordinary women who have played an extraordinary role in the history of women's rights.
The Role of the United Nations
Few causes promoted by the United Nations have generated more intense and widespread support than the campaign to promote and protect the equal rights of women. The Charter of the United Nations, signed in San Francisco in 1945, was the first international agreement to proclaim gender equality as a fundamental human right. Since then, the Organization has helped create a historic legacy of internationally agreed strategies, standards, programmes and goals to advance the status of women worldwide.
Over the years, United Nations action for the advancement of women has taken four clear directions: promotion of legal measures; mobilization of public opinion and international action; training and research, including the compilation of gender desegregated statistics; and direct assistance to disadvantaged groups. Today a central organizing principle of the work of the United Nations is that no enduring solution to society's most threatening social, economic and political problems can be found without the full participation, and the full empowerment, of the world's women.
三八妇女节的资料
妇女节由来
国际劳动妇女节的全称是“联合国妇女权益和国际和平日”，在中国又称“国际妇女节”、“三八节”和“三八妇女节”。从1909年3月8日，美国芝加哥妇女争取“男女平等”游行集会以来，至今已走过了百余年历程。中国妇女和世界各国妇女一样，都为国家独立、解放、革命、建设作出了巨大贡献和牺牲，为世界和平和人类发展进步做出了巨大贡献和牺牲。涌现出了数以万计的巾帼英雄和“三八红旗手”。党和政府为维护保护广大妇女的合法权益，制定了较完善的法律法规和规章制度。
妇女节发展历程
1909年3月8日，美国芝加哥女工团要求男女平等权利而举行示威，1910年8月，在丹麦首都哥本哈根召开了国际社会主义者第二次妇女代表大会。出席会议的有17个国家的代表，会议讨论的主要问题是反对帝国主义扩军备战，保卫世界和平;同时还讨论了保护妇女儿童的权利，争取8小时工作制和妇女选举权问题。领导这次会议的著名德国社会主义革命家、杰出的共产主义战士克拉拉·蔡特金倡议，以每年的3月8日作为全世界妇女的斗争日，得到与会代表的一致拥护。从此以后，“三八”妇女节就成为世界妇女争取权利、争取解放的节日。
故1911年的3月8日为第一个国际劳动妇女节。
1917年3月8日，俄国彼得格勒的女工，勇敢地举起了“三八”节的战斗红旗，举行了反对帝国主义战争、反对沙皇制度、反对饥饿的游行 示威。
中国妇女第一次举行“三八”节纪念活动是在1924年，在中国共产党的领导下，广州劳动妇女举行纪念会和游行。会议由中国妇女运动的先驱何香凝主持，会上提出了“打倒帝国主义”、“保护妇女儿童”的口号。这次活动显示了中国劳动妇女的觉醒和力量。
1938年3月8日，宋美龄动员妇女积极参与抗战救国。
纪念意义
国际劳动妇女节 (International Working Women's Day) 又称“联合国妇女权益和国际和平日”(U.N. Day for Women's Rights and International Peace)或“三八”妇女节，是全世界劳动妇女团结战斗的光辉节日。
每年的3月8日为庆祝妇女在经济、政治和社会等领域做出的重要贡献和取得的巨大成就而设立的节日。同时，也是为了纪念在1911年美国纽约三角工厂火灾中丧生的140多名女工。
历史意义
3.8国际妇女节是全世界妇女的节日。这个日子是联合国承认的，同时也被很多国家确定为法定假日。来自五 湖四海的妇女们，尽管被不同的国界、种族、语言、文化、经济和政治所区分，但在这一天能够同时庆祝属于自己的节日。让我们再回首那九十年前的为得到平等、公正、和平以及发展所做出的斗争。
国际妇女节是妇女创造历史的见证，妇女为争取与男性平等所走的斗争道路十分漫长。古希腊的莉西斯特拉塔就领导了妇女斗争来阻止战争;法国革命时期，巴黎妇女高呼“自由，平等，友爱”，走上凡尔赛的街头争取选举权。
在这一天，世界各大洲的妇女，不分国籍、种族、语言、文化、经济和政治的差异，共同关注妇女的人权。近几十年来，联合国的四次全球性会议加强了国际妇女运动，随着国际妇女运动的成长，妇女节取得了全球性的意义。这些进展使国际妇女节成为团结一致、协调努力要求归还妇女权利和妇女参与政治、经济和社会生活的权利的日子。
相关法规
根据国务院发布的《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》(国务院令第270号)第三条规定：妇女节(3月8日)属于部分公民放假的节日及纪念日，妇女放假半天。
节日轶事
面包加玫瑰
美国堪萨斯州罗伦斯市的纺织女工罢工打出的标语就有“我们也要面包加玫瑰”。这表明她们不仅要求温饱，而且要过像样人的生活。受其影响，诗人詹姆士·奥朋汉（James Oppenheim）写了《面包加玫瑰》之歌：
当我们前进，前进在美好的时光
在成千上万个昏暗的厨房和灰蒙蒙的厂房里
我们感受到突然照射进来的和煦阳光
为了要人民听到我们的歌声
面包加玫瑰，面包加玫瑰
当我们前进，前进，我们带来更美好的阳光
妇女的觉醒意味着一个族群的崛起
在别人休息的时候
不再有苦工和临时工在辛苦劳动
我们要分享生命的荣光
面包加玫瑰，面包加玫瑰
曾遭取缔
从1911年欧洲超过100万人举行各种活动庆祝国际妇女节以来，国际妇女节已经走过近100年的历史。就如同女性为争取自己权利所做的斗争一样，妇女节也曾遭到抵制。上世纪30年代的德国，希特勒就曾禁止庆祝妇女节。
1933年6月20日，蔡特金在莫斯科病逝，早已对蔡特金的女权主义深恶痛绝的希特勒上台后，马上禁止在德国庆祝妇女节，并取消了妇女的选举权。在党代会上，希特勒曾说：“党的任何基层组织中，哪怕是最不起眼的职位，也不能让女人担任……我敢说，99%的讨论议题都是男人的事务，女人是没这份儿判断力的。”接着，他又说：“德意志妇女总的来说还是想做妻子和母亲。她们并不想当同志，而那些赤色的为人民造福者却试图使自己和她们都相信这一点。她们并不盼望去工厂当工人，并不盼望担任公职或者做议员，而是更愿意有一个舒适的家、一个可爱的男人，还有一群幸福的孩子。”宣传部长戈培尔则心照不宣地对外宣布：“议会民主的阴谋诡计左右了德国政治，我们让妇女远远避开，不是因为我们不尊重妇女，而是因为我们太尊重她们了！”
不过，这也引来一些纳粹女性的不满。为了拉拢妇女，纳粹党调整策略，宣扬“男人是生活的组织者，女人是他的帮手和执行者”。在取消妇女节的同时，设立了母亲节。母亲节也是希特勒为纪念自己母亲想出来的点子。他想用母亲节鼓励年轻女子生产报国。计划出来后，得到纳粹党上下的大力支持。希特勒随后公布，所有德国男人和孩子，必须在母亲节那天，给母亲和妻子赠送鲜花和夹心巧克力作为赞赏、包容和爱的象征。他还选出一些诗句献给德国妇女。
1936年，纳粹党出版的《国家社会主义启蒙》一书还说：“德意志女人如葡萄美酒。爱她们，大地将鲜花盛开。德意志女人如家庭里的阳光。她们应该保持体面，不与异族嬉戏。我们的民族应该保持纯洁，这是元首的崇高目标。”纳粹还十分强调“种族纯洁”。希姆莱曾推行一个被称为“生命之源”的北欧-日耳曼人种养育计划。希特勒还特意喊出口号：“产房是德国妇女的战场，饭勺是她们的武器。”1943年，纳粹还曾计划采取所谓大众生育计划，所有妇女在35岁以前都必须与纯种德意志男性至少生4个孩子，达到这个数字后，做丈夫的就有义务随时准备将她另派“它用”。
消费主义
在这一天，来自不同民族，年龄也不尽相同的各个城市街头的男性，为女性——妻子、女朋友、女儿、同事、母亲——准备礼物。但随着消费主义取代了妇女节的女权主义政治立场，妇女节在蔓延的商业狂潮中失去了其独特的性别政治意味，民众开始对节日意义存在争议。
20世纪后期，美国消费主义时代的到来为媒体将女权主义议题“去政治化”提供了崭新的方式。主流媒体与广告商、销售商实现共谋，其用消费主义“去政治化”女权主义。公开放弃其原先的女权主义政治立场，以及鼓吹消费主义文化等策略，来最终实现将女权主义议题“去政治化”的目的，使女权主义失去其在公共领域讨论和争辩妇女问题的理由。
例如：自1913年争取平等的俄罗斯女工庆祝妇女节以来，妇女节在俄罗斯已有百年历史，成为俄罗斯女性的重要节日。据2016年《透视俄罗斯》报道，莫斯科男士将花费约5亿美元为心爱的她选购礼物。不少俄罗斯民众认为，尽管俄罗斯隆重庆祝妇女节，但象征女权主义的妇女节并未帮助女性在经商或从政时享受到与男性平等的待遇。
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