GRE Argument思路解析

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GRE Argument思路解析

　　引导语：GRE写作对很多同学来说都是GRE考试的难点所在，那么到底应该如何攻克GRE写作呢?应届毕业生培训网在此就和大家分享一下GRE Argument思路解析，希望能够帮助到您。

GRE Argument思路解析

　　解析一

　　"On Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popular form of transportation, the population increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by the island's moped rental companies from 50 per day to 25 per day during the summer season. By limiting the number of rentals, the town council will attain the 50 percent annual reduction in moped accidents that was achieved last year on the neighboring island of Seaville, when Seaville's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals."

　　Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

　　步骤：夏天人口增多 + 摩托车是主要交通工具 → 到了夏天摩托车引起的事故会增多

　　假设：夏天增多的人口会造成严重的摩托车问题

　　反例：城市交通秩序好，摩托车司机都很职业，很守规矩，历年来都没出什么事故

　　补充证据：往年夏天的摩托车事故率

　　步骤：SV执行了摩托车禁令 + 之后SV的事故减少50% → 是禁令减少的事故

　　假设：没有它因

　　反例：道路拓宽;司机培训更严格;交通法规更严格;警察多了

　　补充证据：……

　　步骤：SV成功 → BI成功

　　假设：两城的租赁摩托车都是主要摩托车的来源;过去两城摩托车都能够租出去

　　反例：SV的摩托车都是租的，但是BI的摩托车都是私家的;SV的都租出去了，但是BI的本来就租不到每天25辆

　　补充证据：两城摩托车的主要来源;既往摩托车每天实际租赁量

　　步骤：BI成功减少夏天的事故→全年事故的减少

　　假设：夏天的事故是全年事故的主要来源

　　反例：夏天路况好，人多不是事故的来源。全年事故主要来源于冬天路面结冰。而冬天车辆没减少，所以事故不会减少50%

　　证据：全年的事故数量变化表。

　　解析二

　　The following appeared as a letter to the editor from a Central Plaza store owner.

　　"Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels."

　　步骤：滑板增多之后生意下降;店主的话 → 滑板导致生意下降

　　假设：没有它因;店主的话可靠

　　反例：店主经营不善;经济危机;网购增多

　　补充证据：商店策略的变化;社会经济环境的变化;消费习惯的变化

　　步骤：滑板增多之后垃圾和破坏公物增多→滑板导致

　　假设：没有它因

　　反例：管理不善

　　补充证据：调查plaza对于环境维护的投入的变化

　　步骤：滑板导致生意下降→禁止滑板可以使生意恢复

　　假设：滑板没有造成plaza声誉的毁灭性打击

　　反例：滑板彻底使得消费者对plaza失去兴趣，并在其它地方形成了新的商业区，形成了固定的消费行为

　　补充证据：消费者目前有没有形成新的消费区域

　　解析三

　　The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.

　　"The population on Balmer Island increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island plans to limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the island's six moped rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day during the summer season. Last year, the neighboring island of Torseau enforced similar limits on moped rentals and saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents. We predict that putting these limits into effect on Balmer Island will result in the same reduction in moped accidents."

　　Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.

　　173. The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.

　　"The population on Balmer Island doubles during the summer months. During the summer, then, the town council of Balmer Island should decrease the maximum number of moped rentals allowed at each of the island's six moped and bicycle rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day. This will significantly reduce the number of summertime accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians. The neighboring island of Torseau actually saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents last year when Torseau's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals. To help reduce moped accidents, therefore, we should also enforce these limitations during the summer months."

　　Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

　　11. The council of Maple County, concerned about the county's becoming overdeveloped, is debating a proposed measure that would prevent the development of existing farmland in the county. But the council is also concerned that such a restriction, by limiting the supply of new housing, could lead to significant increases in the price of housing in the county. Proponents of the measure note that Chestnut County established a similar measure ten years ago, and its housing prices have increased only modestly since. However, opponents of the measure note that Pine County adopted restrictions on the development of new residential housing fifteen years ago, and its housing prices have since more than doubled. The council currently predicts that the proposed measure, if passed, will result in a significant increase in housing prices in Maple County.

　　步骤：CC执行政策之后房价没有升高 → CC的政策没有影响房价

　　假设：没有它因抵消政策的效果

　　反例：经济萧条;环境严重污染……

　　补充证据：……

　　步骤：PC执行政策之后房价升高 → PC的政策导致了房价升高

　　假设：没有它因

　　反例：降商业税;开发旅游业;人口增长

　　补充证据：……

　　步骤：MC房价会增

　　假设：MC和PC更相似而和CC不相似

　　反例：和CC更相似

　　补充证据：MC和PC与CC各方面情况的对比

　　解析四

　　Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by 30 percent. Potential employers, looking at this dramatic rise in grades, believe that grades at Omega are inflated and do not accurately reflect student achievement; as a result, Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should terminate student evaluation of professors.

　　Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

　　步骤：执行评分系统之后教授给的成绩更高->评分导致了教授给虚高成绩

　　假设：没有它因

　　反例：很可能这个制度恰恰督促教师们好好教课，带来了学生水平的提高

　　证据：调查学生实际学术能力的变化

　　步骤：教授给了虚高的成绩->雇主就因为虚高的成绩而不录用O的学生

　　假设：雇主了解这个事实

　　反例：什么都不知道，就是教学质量下降，学生水平不行

　　证据：调查学生实际能力

　　步骤：O比A找工作难->O找工作比以前更难了

　　假设：以前不比A找工作难

　　反例：一直都不如A，可能因为专业方向

　　证据：过去的找工作情况对比

　　解析五

　　In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County last year lowered its speed limit from 55 to 45 miles per hour on all county highways. But this effort has failed: the number of accidents has not decreased, and, based on reports by the highway patrol, many drivers are exceeding the speed limit. Prunty County should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths, resurfacing rough highways, and improving visibility at dangerous intersections. Today, major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago.

　　Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

　　步骤：事故数量没减少 → 限速没用

　　假设：事故的严重性没变

　　反例：以前撞死人，现在撞伤人

　　证据：严重事故的变化

　　步骤：根据report很多人在超速 → 限速没用

　　假设：超速的人没减少;超速的人速度没降低

　　反例：超速的人已经大幅减少;以前超速超在80，现在超速超在65

　　证据：超速人数的对比;平均车速的对比

　　步骤：BC采取了一系列措施之后报告的事故少了25% → BC的措施起了作用

　　假设：没有它因

　　反例：人口少了;私家车少了

　　证据：调查实际车辆数量变化

　　步骤：BC的措施起作用了 → PC模仿可以一样有效

　　假设：两城的交通状况，路面条件相似

　　反例：我们的路已经很宽很平了，十字路口都很开阔;真正导致我们事故多的是超速，酒驾……

　　证据：根据我们的实际事故来源分析决定合理的应对方式

　　解析六

　　The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine.

　　"A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night."

　　步骤：那些企业有着faster growth和higher profit margin → 那些企业prosper

　　假设：企业的成功可以被成长率和利润率所代表

　　反例：利润率高不见的实际利润高，定价太高，产品销量差;成长率可能是盲目拓张带来的

　　证据：调查企业的利润

　　步骤：这些执行官只睡6小时 + 它们企业成功 → 睡6小时带来的成功

　　假设：没有它因

　　反例：员工努力;员工素质高;行业是市场的趋势

　　证据：……

　　步骤：广告行业的执行官只睡6小时带来了企业的成功 → 所有行业所有员工只睡6小时都会带来企业的成功

　　假设：各行业的人的睡眠需求时相似的

　　反例：生产领域，疲劳会带来事故;执行官很忙，但是员工并不需要这样

　　证据：各行业各职位的实际工作压力