最新英语毕业论文提纲

时间:2021-03-13 13:08:35 论文提纲 我要投稿

最新英语毕业论文提纲范文

  1、总 纲

最新英语毕业论文提纲范文

  毕业论文,是大学本科教学的最后1个环节。是对整个大学阶段学习的回顾与总结,是学生综合能力的体现,也是对学生的1次语言及相关科学研究的1次基本训练,因此,要求学生以高度认真负责的态度对待此项工作。

  做好毕业论文的指导工作是整个大学教学和教育的重要和必要内容,也是理论教学的重要组成部分。每1位教师都要以高度的社会责任感和敬业精神投入到此项工作中去,指导学生顺利完成毕业论文任务。

  2、 毕业论文的阶段及要求(1)准备:学生可以自由选择研究范围(语言、文学、文化、社会问题、应用英语、经济、贸易、科技、社会生活等),但要在教师的指导下对研究对象进行资料的收集整理和分析来确定毕业论文题目。

  (2)撰写提纲: 学生在指导教师的指导下分析和研究所采集的资料的基础上,撰写毕业论文提纲。同时也要求每1位指导教师在学生形成毕业论文提纲前1定要与每位被指导的学生进行讨论,毕业论文提纲应尽量做到全面缜密,理顺所要论述内容,避免以后反复修改。

  (3)第1稿:要求学生必须严格按照指导教师审定后的毕业论文提纲进行写作, 不可自行其是,随意更换主题。第1稿完成以后,指导教师主要检查学生是否按照既定的提纲和思想在写作,及时发现问题及时纠正。如学生采取不认真的态度,指导教师应对其提出严肃的批评教育,拒不接受者,指导教师有权提出相应的处理意见,或交学院毕业论文工作小组处理。如果指导教师不认真指导,随意放学生过关,以后阶段出现的问题由该教师本人负责。(5)第3稿:要求学生在文风、文章格式、修辞等方面有所提高。指导教师要对第3稿进行全面的审阅,并提出修改意见,以保证定稿打印时所有的错误和疏漏都得到更正,错误率控制在规定范围内。同时,教师还要提醒学生在打印前再校对,以保证尽可能地将正确的版本打印出来。

  (6)毕业论文答辩:毕业论文的答辩是毕业论文工作的最后阶段,要求学生予以充分的准备和重视。论文答辩前,学生们必须充分熟悉论文,答辩时,要求学生能脱稿进行5~10分钟的毕业论文内容的陈述,并流利、准确地回答答辩委员提出的问题。在答辩过程中,参加答辩的教师要对答辩人的语言技能(语音、语法、词汇、语用)、口笔头能力、论文内容和答辩的表现进行认真纪录,客观公正地评分。

  2、 毕业论文的内容:

  毕业论文的内容可以涉及语言知识、与语言有关的问题(如,语言教学、文化等)和相关专业的知识和内容(如经济、贸易、管理、市场营销等)。其他内容,须经论文审题小组集体审定。学生有选择的论文内容的自由,指导教师可以提出建议,但不能代替学生做出决定。论文内容要能反映社会和时代特征,具有理论价值或实践意义,有新颖性。论文可以对某个理论问题的探讨,也可以是实践问题的解决。论文不仅要反映学生的综合能力,而且要反映他们对相关问题的较为正确的论述,要有1定的独立见解。论文必须做到主题明确、论据清晰、内容具体而充实,切忌空谈。写翻译的论文,除实例分析外,还要提供原文的译文,以便弄清译论的.依据。如果论文是实践性的,它必须提出1定的解决途径、方案。

  3、 毕业论文的评审:

  指导教师在对论文评定成绩时,要参照学生的学习成绩、平时表现出的语言水平和专业8级考试的成绩,以正确衡量学生真实的语言和认识水平。指导教师对学生的毕业论文成绩提出异议,如不被采纳,可提交学院毕业论文工作小组商议和仲裁。指导教师如发现学生的毕业论文有抄袭现象,应及时向学生指出,学生若不接受批评,指导教师应提交到学院毕业论文工作小组处理,严重者取消论文资格。指导教师应杜绝送分的做法,也不可因个人原因影响对学生论文评价的客观性和公正性。

  4、 毕业论文质量标准

  (1)选题恰当、与毕业生的知识水平与认识能力相当;

  (2)内容丰富、资料翔实、论证充分有力;

  (3)观点正确、逻辑性强、无违反国家大政方针的观点;

  (4)叙述清楚、层次清晰而丰富;(6)用词、造句、谋篇、布局等方面无明显失误,修辞错误率控制在2%。

 

  论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译

  摘要:著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要,

  因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说,翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱,专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来,习语翻译大多强调语际的交流,而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异,进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法,并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文,选择与原文风格,意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式,文化在变化,出现新的习语,习语翻译要与时俱进。

  关键词:习语;文化;翻译

  1. Introduction

  Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression

  that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)

  2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms

  2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms 2.1.1 Geographical Conditions

  The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.

  Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of

  Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)

  For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会

  Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进

  A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)

  On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴,对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯,海枯石烂,海阔天空,海底捞针,海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)

  2.1.2 History

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  2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms

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  2.2.1 Colours

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  2.2.2 Numbers

  ………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………….

  3. Methods of Idiom Translation

  Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:

  3.1 Literal Translation

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  3.2 Free Translation

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  3.3 Translation with Notes

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  3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms

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  3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning

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  3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation

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  4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation

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  5. Conclusion

  One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)

  References

  [*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地:)出版社,年份:参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地:)出版社,年份

  [1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008

  [2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007

  [3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982

  [4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993

  [5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987

  [6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006

  [7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008

  [8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007

  [9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\

  [10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京:世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京:科学出版社, 2006

  [12] 孙致礼(Sun Zhili).《新编英汉翻译教程》. 上海:上海外语教学出版社, 2008

  [13] 王宗炎(Wang Zongyan).《英汉语文问题面面观》. 北京:北京高等教育出版社, 2006

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