1. The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.
翻译：一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法形成了来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些文化遗产的方面。
2. 1.That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted。
那种能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量的性别比是有益的，并因此能增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
3. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy。
虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶们还是比较偏向于一夫一妻——这种偏爱在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园里表现得最为显著。
4. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908， abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beuve‘s blindness to the real nature of great writing， found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments， and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.
译文：Fallois提出，Proust曾试图于1908年开始写一部小说，后又因为某一原因——即Saint-Beuve长期以来所展现出的对伟大文学作品真正本质的盲目无知——而放弃了它，发现该文章引发了某些个人的回忆和小说虚构情节的发展，并最终让这些内容以小说这一稳定形式取而代之。
5.The first group of patients, all being treated for muscle injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment.
第一组患者全部由专攻运动医学的Dr. Newland治疗肌肉损伤，他们在疗程中经常服用抗生素。
6. .So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present.
现代社会是如此的崭新和复杂以至于回首了解过去对于当代生活已经没有太大帮助了