考研英语阅读解析

时间：2025-12-11 14:11:07 小英英语阅读

考研英语阅读解析

　　英语最重要的东西其实光靠背诵不能真正的正握，总结起来就是翻译阅读真题。下面是小编给大家准备的考研的英语阅读翻译的真题及解析，欢迎大家阅读练习!

考研英语阅读解析

　　考研英语阅读解析 1

　　第一篇：

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

　　It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

　　One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of ones relation to ones environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didnt exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.

　　Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.

　　第二篇：

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

　　Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newtons laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.

　　(46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however,that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail.Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.

　　This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47) Here,Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection,perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

　　That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.

　　The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.

　　(49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word-order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.

　　Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages. (50) Chomskys grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenber-gian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals.

　　答案解析

　　第一篇：

　　46.然而，看到那些无家可归的人所创建的花园的照片时，我们不禁会发现这一系列花园即使风格各异，揭示的却是几种其他的根本需求，不限于美饰与表达的范畴。

　　47.一处安恬的憩园，无论形式繁简、构造如何，都很明显是一种人性的需求，与此相反，一个栖身之所则是动物性明显的需求。

　　48.无家可归者的花园实际上是无家的花园，将形式引入了一个无形或无法辨认形式的.都市环境。

　　49.我们中的大多数人会感到精神不振，并通常把它归咎于某种心理或神经上的失调;直到有一天我们置身花园，却往往会发现郁闷之感奇迹般地消失殆尽。

　　50.正是这或明或暗的对自然界的指示使这些人工合成的建筑物完全够得上“花园”之称，尽管得稍稍“解放”这个词的语义才能这么说。

　　第二篇：

　　46.物理学领域，一种做法把这种寻求大同理论的冲动推向极端，试图寻找包含一切的理论——一个涵括我们所看到的一切的成性公式。

　　47.这里，达尔文学说似乎做出了证明，因为如果人类有着共同的起源，那么似乎就有理由认为文化的多样性也可以追溯到更为有限的起源。

　　48.从共有特征中滤出独有特征，这使我们得以理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，并从进化或认知的角度理解什么引导了它的走向。

　　49.第二次努力——由乔舒亚·格林堡做出——采用更为经验主义的方法来研究语言的普遍性，确定了多种语言(尤其在语法词序方面)的共有特征，这些特征被认为是代表了由认知限制产生的倾向性。

　　50.乔姆斯基的语法应该显示出语言变化的模式，这些模式并不受语言谱系路径的影响;而格林堡式的普遍性则预言了特定的语法词序关系类型之间所存在的紧密互依性。

　　考研英语阅读解析 2

　　原文

　　It was a brief, shining moment in Egypts history--a time of epochal change presided over by a Pharaoh named Akhenaten and his beautiful wife Nefertiti. During his 17-year reign the old gods were cast aside, monotheism was introduced, and the arts liberated from their stifling rigidity. Even Egypts capital was moved to a new city along the Nile called Akhetaten (modern Amarna). But like Camelot, it was short-lived, and its legacy was buried in the desert sands.

　　Now Akhenatens 3,400-year-old world has been brilliantly recalled in an exhibit titled "Pharaohs of the Sun: Akhenaten, Nefertiti, Tutankhamen," which opens this week at Bostons Museum of Fine Arts. Part of the citys eight-month tribute to ancient Egypt (operas, ballet and an IMAX film), it is a unique assemblage of more than 250 objects from Egypts 18th dynasty, some of which have languished unseen in storerooms and private collections for decades. They range from larger-than-life statues of Akhenaten to exquisitely sculpted reliefs and dazzling jewelry to such poignant reminders of everyday life as a perfectly preserved childs sandal.

　　The exhibit illuminates a murky period in Egyptian history that curator Rita Freed describes as having "all the elements of a soap opera." When Amenhotep IV, as he was originally called, ascended the throne in 1353 B.C., Egypt was a flourishing empire, at peace with its neighbors. Yet there were troubling signs. His father Amenhotep III had already challenged the powerful priesthood by proclaiming the sun god Aten as foremost among Egyptian deities and himself as his living incarnation.

　　His son shook things up even more, not only changing his name to honor the new god (Akhenaten means "one who serves Aten") but also banishing the older gods, especially the priestly favorite Amen. Some scholars believe Akhenatens monotheism, a historic first, inspired the Hebrew prophets, but it had the more immediate effect of freeing Egypts artists. They could now portray the Pharaoh and the voluptuous Nefertiti (who may have shared the throne with him) in a far more casual, realistic way. Akhenatens cone-shaped head, elongated face, fingers and toes, pot belly and flaring hips have led some scholars to suggest that he had hydrocephalus or Marfans syndrome.

　　He was certainly a revolutionary, propelled either by madness or by great vision. Still, his changes did not endure. After his death, his son-in-law (and perhaps son) Tutankhamen moved the political and religious capitals back to Memphis and Thebes respectively and reinstated the old gods. Egyptian art returned to its classic, ritualized style. And like Camelot, Akhenatens once bustling capital became only a mythic memory. "Pharaohs of the Sun" will remain in Boston until February, then travel to Los Angeles, Chicago and Leiden, the Netherlands.

　　重点词汇

　　epochal adj. 划时代的

　　monotheism n. 一神论

　　languish v. 持续不前；毫无进展

　　poignant adj. 深刻的；伤感的

　　murky adj. 昏暗的；不明朗的

　　curator n.（美术馆）馆长

　　incarnation n. 化身

　　banish v. 抛弃；废除

　　voluptuous adj. 妖冶的；性感的

　　hydrocephalus n. 脑积水

　　Camelot 传说中的地名，在英格兰西南部，阿瑟和他的武士们曾居住于此

　　难句分析

　　1. Part of the city’s eight-month tribute to ancient Egypt (operas, ballet and an IMAX film), it is a unique assemblage of more than 250 objects from Egypt’s 18th dynasty, some of which have languished unseen in storerooms and private collections for decades.( Line 3, Paragraph 2)

　　主体句式：it is a unique assemblage…

　　结构分析：这是一个包含同位语和定语从句的长简单句。其中 “Part of the city’s…”是主语it（指展览）的同位语，定语从句 “some of which have ….”修饰名词 objects。

　　句子译文：这次展览只是波士顿为期8个月的致意古埃及活动中的一部分（其它形式还有歌剧、芭蕾、一部IMAX电影）。这次独特的展览展出了埃及第18个王朝的250多件物品，其中有些物品几十年来一直深藏于博物馆或为私人所藏而不得面世。

　　2. They range from large-than-life statues of Akhenaten to exquisitely sculpted reliefs and dazzling jewelry to such poignant reminders of everyday life as a perfectly preserved child’s sandal.

　　主体句式： They range from … to … and … to such … as …

　　句子分析：其中最后一个to接的是“such…as”短语。

　　句子译文：展品包罗万象，既有阿肯纳坦比真人还大的雕像，做工精致的浮雕，又有令人眼花缭乱的珠宝首饰，甚至还有日常生活起居用品，比如一只保存完好的童鞋。

　　篇章剖析

　　本篇文章以正在波士顿举办的一场展览为引子，采用叙述的写法，带领读者重温了3400年前古埃及一段辉煌的历史。

　　第一段简介了太阳神法老统治时期埃及社会发生的变化，

　　接着在第二段中说明波士顿正在举办古埃及周，其中包括一场展览，

　　第三、四段详细说明两任法老所做的变革，

　　最后一段说变革持续时间不长。

　　参考译文

　　这是埃及历史上短暂辉煌的时期，是法老阿肯纳坦和他美丽的妻子奈菲提提统治下发生划时代变革的时期。在他17年的统治期间，以往的多神论被摒弃，一神论被引入，艺术也从令人窒息的一成不变中解脱出来，甚至埃及的首都也迁到尼罗河边的新城市阿肯纳坦（现阿玛纳）。不过同卡蒙洛的结局一样，这个时期持续时间不长，其遗迹也淹没于漫漫黄沙。

　　现在，3400年前阿肯纳坦时代的辉煌将在波士顿美术馆被人们重温。这儿正举办“太阳神法老：阿肯纳坦、奈菲提提、塔坦卡门”展览。这次展览只是波士顿为期8个月的致意古埃及活动中的`一部分（其它形式还有歌剧、芭蕾、一部IMAX电影）。这次独特的展览展出了埃及第18个王朝的250多件物品，其中有些物品几十年来一直深藏于博物馆或为私人所藏而不得面世。展品包罗万象，既有阿肯纳坦比真人还大的雕像，做工精致的浮雕，又有令人眼花缭乱的珠宝首饰，甚至还有日常生活起居用品，比如一只保存完好的童鞋。

　　这次展览向世人展示了埃及历史上一段不为人所熟知的时期，一段被馆长瑞塔弗瑞称为拥有“肥皂剧全部要素”的时期。当阿蒙赫特普四世——阿肯纳坦本来叫这名字——公元1353年上台执政时，埃及国运昌盛，同邻国友好相处。但也有征兆表明要出乱子。他的父亲阿蒙赫特普三世已经质疑势力强大的教会。他宣称太阳神阿坦是埃及诸神中最具威力的神灵。他本人则是太阳神的转世化身。

　　他儿子做的更甚。他不仅把自己的名字改为阿肯纳坦（意为阿坦的仆人）以表示对太阳神的敬意，而且不许人们崇拜以往的神灵，特别是教会的至爱阿门神。有些学者认为阿肯纳坦倡导的一神论——历史上前无古人的做法——启发了希伯来先知，但它对埃及的艺术发展则有更为直接的影响。它解放了埃及艺术家。现在他们可以更为真实随意的描画法老和妖艳性感的奈菲提提（或许曾和阿肯纳坦共同执政）。阿肯纳坦的头圆锥形，脸、手指和脚趾较常人略长，大腹便便，臀部肥大，这使得某些学者认为他曾得过脑积水。

　　不管他的所作所为是疯狂所致还是由于远见卓识，他都称得上一位变革者。但这变革却没能持久。在他死后，他的女婿（或许也是儿子）塔坦卡门把政治中心移回孟斐斯，宗教中心移回底比斯。那些被摒弃的旧神重新归位，埃及艺术又回到拘泥呆板的古典风格。正如卡蒙洛一样，阿肯纳坦时曾经繁华熙攘的首都现在只是神话中的记忆罢了。“太阳神法老”展览在波士顿持续到二月份，然后在前往洛杉玑、芝加哥、荷兰的雷登市。

　　考研英语阅读解析 3

　　TROUSER SUIT

　　The European Court sides with Levi Strauss in its battle with Tesco

　　IT WAS a ruling that had consumers seething with anger and many a free trader crying foul. On November 20th the European Court of Justice decided that Tesco, a British supermarket chain, should not be allowed to import jeans made by Americas Levi Strauss from outside the European Union and sell them at cut-rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker. Ironically, the ruling is based on an EU trademark directive that was designed to protect local, not American, manufacturers from price dumping. The idea is that any brand-owning firm should be allowed to position its goods and segment its markets as it sees fit: Levis jeans, just like Gucci handbags, must be allowed to be expensive.

　　Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands——which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice. Consumer groups and Tesco say that Levis case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging the price differential between Levis jeans sold in America and Europe——a service performed a million times a day in financial markets, and one that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15,000 pairs of Levis jeans a week, for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross, Tescos head of global non-food sourcing, says the ruling risks creating a Fortress Europe with a vengeance.

　　The debate will rage on, and has implications well beyond casual clothes (Levi Strauss was joined in its lawsuit by Zino Davidoff, a perfume maker). The question at its heart is not whether brands need to control how they are sold to protect their image, but whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci, an Italian clothes label whose image was being destroyed by loose licensing and over-exposure in discount stores, saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere.

　　Brand experts argue that Levi Strauss, which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel, is no longer strong enough to command premium prices. Left to market forces, so-so brands such as Levis might well fade away and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices, Levi Strauss may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again.

　　注(1):本文选自Economist; 11/24/2001, Vol. 361 Issue 8249, p58, 1/2p

　　注(2):本文习题命题模仿对象2001年真题text 5(其中因2001年真题text 5只有4个题目,所以本文第5题模仿参照对象为1999年 Text 1的第4题。)

　　1. Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 1

　　[A] Consumers and free traders were very angry.

　　[B] Only the Levis maker can decide the prices of the jeans.

　　[C] The ruling has protected Levis from price dumping.

　　[D] Levis jeans should be sold at a high price .

　　2. Guccis success shows that _______.

　　[A] Gucci has successfully saved its own image.

　　[B] It has changed its fate with its own effort.

　　[C] Opening its own stores is the key to success.

　　[D] It should be the courts duty to save its image.

　　3. The word specious(line 12, paragraph 2) in the context probably means _______.

　　[A] responsible for oneself

　　[B] having too many doubts

　　[C] not as it seems to be

　　[D] raising misunderstanding

　　4. According to the passage, the doomed fate of Levis is caused by such factors except that ________.

　　[A] the rivals are competitive

　　[B] it fails to command premium prices

　　[C] market forces have their own rules

　　[D] the court fails to give some help

　　5. The authors attitude towards Levi’s prospect seems to be _______.

　　[A] biased

　　[B] indifferent

　　[C] puzzling

　　[D] objective

　　答案:B B C D D

　　篇章剖析

　　本文的结构形式为提出问题——分析问题。在第一段首先提出问题,指出欧洲法庭对特易购超市做出的裁决。第二段指出当事方对同一事件的不同看法和解释。第三段指出争论的核心问题在于是否应该借助法庭达到一些商业目的,并以古奇(Gucci)为例说明答案为否定。第四段对利维(Levis)的前景做出了评价和分析。

　　词汇注释

　　seethingadj.沸腾的, 火热的

　　foul adj.下流的,粗俗的:

　　segment v.分割

　　innovation n.改革, 创新

　　specious adj. 似是而非的; 似乎正确的,但实际却是谬误的

　　arbitrage v. 套汇, 套利交易

　　with a vengeance 猛烈地;极度地

　　licensing n.注册登记

　　discount n.折扣

　　resort vi.求助, 诉诸

　　premium n.额外费用, 奖金, 奖赏, 保险费, (货币兑现的)贴水

　　难句突破

　　1.Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands——which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice.

　　主体句式:Levi Strauss persuaded that …

　　结构分析:that之后是一个宾语从句;by之后的句子做伴随状语来修饰宾语从句;宾语从句中which又引导了一个非限制性定语从句。

　　句子译文:利维斯特劳斯公司使法庭相信特易购把利维牛仔服与皂粉,香蕉等放在一起廉价销售这一做法使其形象受损,品牌价位也因此受到了影响,这势必会使产品缺乏新意,最终减少消费者的选择。

　　题目分析

　　1.答案为B,属事实细节题。原文对应信息是…should not be allowed … to sell them at cut-rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker.意思是只有事先经过牛仔裤生产商的同意才能打折销售。是否只有生产商才能决定价格,我们不得而知。

　　2.答案为B,属推理判断题。文中提到问题的实质是whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this.后又以古奇(Gucci) saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere.为例,说明它的成功并不是诉诸法庭,而是通过自身的努力和尝试。

　　3.答案为C ,属猜词题。第二段开头提出了利维公司(Levis)对特易购(Tesco)的指责,后又提出了特易购的反驳意见,前后两者之间的'观点应该是相反的。从而可猜出该词的含义。

　　4.答案为D,属推理判断题。原文对应信息是最后一段。

　　5.答案为D,属情感态度题。作者没有任何偏颇的阐述整个事件。

　　参考译文

　　法庭的裁决使消费者感到义愤填膺，很多自由贸易者也感到愤愤不平。11月20日，欧洲法庭对特易购(Tesco)这家英国连锁超市做出了判决，特易购不能通过欧盟之外的渠道进口利维斯特劳斯公司生产的牛仔裤，并且没有事先经过牛仔制造商的同意，不能打折销售。具有讽刺意味的是，这项判决是根据欧盟商标法做出的，目的在于保护本地而非美国制造商免受价格倾销的纷扰。其观点是应该允许任何一家拥有自己品牌的公司给自己的产品定位，分属适合的市场，比如利维牛仔裤，它就应该象古奇(Gucci)牌手提包一样售价昂贵。

　　利维斯特劳斯公司使法庭相信特易购把利维牛仔裤与皂粉，香蕉等放在一起廉价销售这一做法使其形象受损，品牌价位也因此受到了影响，这势必会使产品缺乏新意，最终减少消费者的选择。消费者和特易购却认为利维公司貌似有理实则不然。特易购认为它只是从美国和欧洲销售利维牛仔裤存在的价格差价中套利。这是一种在金融市场上天天都会进行上百万次，并使消费者真正受益的商业行为。特易购一周之内以低于利维斯特劳斯公司授权专卖店一半的价格销售15，000条牛仔裤。负责特易购全球非食品类主管克里斯廷克罗斯认为这一裁决会加大产生“欧洲堡垒”的风险。

　　这场争论还将继续下去，并且不单只局限于休闲服装(季诺大卫多夫香水制造商也和利维斯特劳斯联手诉讼)。这一问题实际上不在于品牌商品是否应该控制销售方式来维护其形象，而在于是否应该借助法庭来帮助它们达到这一目的。许可经营管理松散并且在折扣店里频频出现毁坏了古奇这一意大利品牌服饰的形象，但它并没有诉诸法庭，而是通过中止与第三方供应商的合同，更好的控制商品销售，以及开专卖店等方式挽救了自己的命运。现在已经很难找到打折销售古奇产品的地方了。

　　品牌专家认为利维斯特劳斯公司正在逐步丧失市场占有率，而让步给Diesel这样的竞争对手，它的实力已不足以使它对溢价具有掌控能力。在市场机制的作用下，象利维这样的一般品牌很有可能会逐渐消失，被新的品牌所代替。由于法庭对其价格有保护作用，利维斯特劳斯公司可能会多维持一段时间，但是法庭却无法帮它再成为知名品牌了。

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