【character , characteristic , quality , personality 】
He has a changeable character. 品质，性格特色，特征，个人、集体或范畴的区别特征或属性。
What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians? 指与众不同的特征。
Modesty is one of his good qualites. 品质，指个体的特点，尤指好的品质。
His personality left a deep impression on us. 个性，指个人聚集的品质、行为、脾气、情绪和精神的性格。
【circumstance , surrounding , environment , occasion 】
In normal circumstances I would have resigned immediately. 环境，情形，形势，多用复数。
He didn't pay much attention to his surroundings. surrounding 只能做形容。
surroundings 为周围的事物，指一个人四周的生活环境。
Children need a happy home environment. 环境，一般用单数，强调环境对人的感受，道德的影响。
He seized the occasion to invited her home for dinner. 时机，机会。
【cost , price , charge , expense 】
Living costs are higher in cities than in the country. 耗费，成本。
包括对某事所付出的一切费用、时间、劳力。
It must be done at any price. 价格。指商品出售时所定的价格。还有代价。
How much is the charge for this coffee? 零花钱或给予服务后索要的费用。
His parents decided to cut down his expenses at college.
多用复数，指大量的花费、支出。如求学、旅游。
【energy , force , power , strength 】
Young people usually have more energy than the old.
指人在活动中表现出的生机勃勃的“力”。
He had to use force to get the lid off the can.
指为克服阻力而运用或发挥出来的“力量”。
You can really feel the power of the sun here.
含义最广，包括一切抽象和具体的力。
He hasn’t got enough strength to get out of bed.
指人或物体内在的耐力、抵抗力、气力。
【heart , mind 】
He married the girl of his heart. 侧重情感之心。
We expect there to be more students with good mind. 侧重理智之心。
【especially , specially , particularly 】
The Great Wall had been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty. 尤其
These books are specially written for beginners. 指为某一特别目的而做。
He was particularly / especially interested in the stories about kings. 意义相仿，常可通用。
Rice grows well in their county, especially in their village.
2).动作结果不同：
advise persuade / look for find / look see / listen hear / try
manage / treat cure
3).动作状态不同：
begin be on catch fire be on fire
4).主观客观不同：
receive accept
5).直接间接不同：
hear hear of know know of learn learn of
6).有无—ly的副词不同：
①无—ly的副词表具体意义， 有—ly的副词表抽象意义。
wide widely deep deeply high highly low lowly close closely
②有无—ly的副词，意思不同：
Near nearly hard hardly most mostly dear dearly late lately bad badly
【buy , cost , pay , spend , take 】
buy:指购买。常见搭配：buy sb. sth.; buy sth. for sb. / sth.
cost:指花钱、时间、劳力等。Sth. cost sb sth.
pay: 指花钱.常见搭配：Sb. pay money for sth.
spend: 指花钱、时间等。常见搭配：Sb. spend …in doing sth. / on sth.
take: 主要指花时间。常见结构：It takes / took sb. some time to do sth.
【offer , supply , provide 】
Josie offered him 500 dollars to do the work.
Our farm supplies the market with fruits and vegetables.
The school provided books for the children.
【be known as , be known for , be known to , be known in 】
be known as +名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。 “作为......而著名”
be known for +名词表示某人或某物的特点、特长。 “因......而著名”
be known to + 表示人的词语。 “为......所了解、知道”
be known in + 表地点的词语。
四、拼写角度对比词汇：
1.容易漏写字母的词：
1).易漏写不发音字母的词：
Christmas cupboard handkerchief handsome exhibition whisper
neighbor fasten doubt sandwich Wednesday climb comb
2).易漏写双字母的词：
necessary quarrel permission excellent interrupt satellite address
pressure committee personally command carriage arrest mirror
balloon pillow pattern announce cattle cigarette funny passenger rubbish suddenly
3).易漏写元音字母的词：
familiar official temperature before interest bargain century anxious convenient exercise experience material mountain restaurant forehead soldier
4).易漏写福音字母的词：
government autumn chimney butcher bridge February knowledge lawyer
2.容易多字母的词：
ninth forty against August similar habit altogether Thursday college forbid library proud
3.容易混淆的词：
1).词形相似易混淆的词：
peasant 农民 / present 礼物 、现在 parents 父母
broad 宽的 / board 木板 / abroad 在国外
difficult 困难的 / different 不同的 ; attract 吸引 / attack 袭击
explode 爆炸 / exploit 开采，开发 ; familiar 熟悉的 / similar 类似
pollution 污染 / population 人口 / popularity 人气指数，普及
quality 质量 / quantity 数量 / equality 平等 / inquality 不平等
shadow 影子，阴影 / shade 阴凉处 / shed 棚屋，小屋
2).异性同义易混淆的词：
动词 Vs 名词： advise advice / affect effect / weigh weight / bathe bath / believe belief / recover recovery / discover discovery / dicide dicision / explain explanation / lose loss / serve service / succeed success / pronounce pronunciation / enter entrance
/ permit permission / prepare preparation / argue argument / arrive arrival / choose choice
/ envelop envelope
名词 Vs 形容词： health healthy / society social / absence absent / width wide / length long / height high / nature natural / science scientific / honesty honest / anger angry /
difficulty difficult / hunger hungry / noise noisy / safety safe / happiness happy / center central / value valuable / youth young
形容词 Vs 副词： happy happily / luck luckily / angry angrily / simple simply / true truly / terrible terribly
3).字母组合ei 和 ie 易混淆的词：
receive , seize , foreign , ceiling , chief , thief , friendship , believe , achievement , twentieth , achieve
4).字母a 和 e 易混淆的词：
advance , advantage , dollar , adventure , grammar , umbrella , operate , separate
5).易将词尾or 写成er 的词：
professor , visitor , tailor , sailor , author , inventor , conductor , emperor , monitor , director , actor , translator
6).字母 s 和 c 易混淆的词：
percent , university , electricity , sense
7).易颠倒字母的词：
modern , garden , true , destroy , silence , Wednesday , secretary , cigarette , calm , according , cruel , fuel , false , fruit , Paris
4.因未掌握语法规则易误写的词：
stomachs , thieves , photos , potatoes , tomatoes , heroes , roofs , foxes , Germans , offered , occurred , permitted , written , bitten , referred , cost , studying , regretting , beginning , chatting , writing , hotter , thinner , fatter , bigger