现代大学英语Lesson10(A)精读重点讲解

时间：2022-11-11 09:06:37 大学英语我要投稿

　　英语是一种西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。下面是小编为大家整理的现代大学英语Lesson10(A)精读重点讲解，欢迎阅读与收藏。

现代大学英语Lesson10(A)精读重点讲解

　　引言：

　　每个地方对于生活在那里的人们来说都有特殊的意义，在某种程度上来说，每个地方都代表世界的中心。世上有无数个这样的中心，没有一个学生或旅行者能全部经历到。

　　世界的文化中到处是富有特殊价值和意义而预料不到的青香蕉。多年来它们一直在那里，慢慢地成熟，或许在耐心地等待人们走过去发现它们。事实上，假如我们愿意离开我们自己的世界的中心，去感受其他的地方，青香蕉在等待我们每一个人。

　　The Green Banana---Donald Batchelder

　　Although it might have happened anywhere, my encounter with the green banana started on a steep mountain road in the central area of Brazil. My ancient jeep was straining up through beautiful countryside when the radiator began to leak, and I was ten miles from the nearest mechanic. The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and a few houses that were scattered here and there. People came over to look. They could see three fine streams of hot water spouting from holes in the jacket of the radiator. "That's easy to fix," a man said. He sent a boy running for some green bananas. He patted me on the shoulder, assuring me that everything would work out. "Green bananas," he smiled. Everyone agreed.

　　We chattered casually while all the time I was wondering what they could possibly do to my radiator with their green bananas. I did not ask them, though, as that would show my ignorance, so I talked about the beauty of the land that lay before our eyes. Huge rock formations, like Sugar Loaf in Rio, rose up all around us. "Do you see that tall one right over there?" asked the man, pointing to a particularly tall, slender pinnacle of dark rock. "That rock marks the center of the world."

　　I looked to see if he was teasing me, but his face was serious. He, in turn, inspected me carefully, as if to make sure I grasped the significance of his statement. The occasion called for some show of recognition on my part. "The center of the world?" I repeated, trying to show interest if not complete acceptance. He nodded. "The absolute center. Everyone around here knows it."

　　At that moment the boy returned with an armful of green bananas. The man cut one in half and pressed the cut end against the radiator jacket. The banana melted into a glue against the hot metal, stopping the leaks instantly. I was so astonished at this that I must have looked rather foolish and everyone laughed. They then refilled me radiator and gave me extra bananas to take along in case my radiator should give me trouble again. An hour later, after using the green banana once more, my radiator and I reached our destination. The local mechanic smiled. "Who taught you about the green banana?" I gave him the name of the village. "Did they show you the rock marking the center of the world?" he asked. I assured him they had. "My grandfather came from there," he said. "The exact center. Everyone around here has always known about it."

　　As a product of American education, I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana, except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come. Suddenly, on that mountain road, its time had come to meet my need. But as I reflected on it further, I realized that the green banana had been there all along. Its time reached back to the very origins of the banana. The people in that village had known about it for years. It was my own time that had come, all in relation to it. I came to appreciate the special genius of those people, and the special potential of the green banana. I had been wondering for some time about what educators like to call "learning moments," and I now knew I had just experienced two of them at once.

　　It took me a little longer to fully grasp the importance of the rock which the villagers believed marked the center of the world. I had at first doubted their claim, as I knew for a fact that the center was located somewhere else in New England. After all, my grandfather had come from there. But gradually I realized the village people had a very reasonable belief and I agreed with them. We all tend to regard as the center that special place where we are known, where we know others, where things mean much to us, and where we ourselves have both identity and meaning: family, school, town and local region could all be our center of the world.

　　The lesson which gradually dawned on me was actually very simple. Every place has special meanings for the people in it, and in a certain sense every place represents the center of the world. The world has numerous such centers, and no one student or traveler can experience all of them. But once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made, a life-long perspective and collection can begin.

　　The cultures of the world are full of unexpected green bananas with special value and meaning. They have been there for ages, ripening slowly, perhaps waiting patiently for people to come along to encounter them. In fact, a green banana is waiting for all of us if we would leave our own centers of the world in order to experience other places.

　　青香蕉

　　这件事在任何地方都可能发生，而我遇到青香蕉是在巴西中部的一条陡峭山路上。我那辆老吉普车在美丽的乡村艰难穿行时，水箱开始漏水，而离最近的修车处还有十英里。过热的发动机迫使我在附近一个四处散布着一些小店子和房屋的村子停下来。村民们走过来看发生了什么事，他们看到三小股热水从水箱外壳的洞里涌出来。“这很容易修”，一个人边说边派一个男孩去取一些青香蕉。他拍拍我的肩膀，向我保证事情能得到圆满解决。“青香蕉派得上用场”，他笑道。在场的人都很认同。

　　我们随意地聊起天来，同时我一直在想他们怎么用青香蕉修理我的水箱，然而我没有问他们，因为那会显得无知。所以我只谈了谈眼前这块美丽的土地。巨大的岩层，像里约热内卢的苏格罗浮山，在我们四周耸立着。“看到那块高耸的岩石了吗?”那人指着一块特别高且顶部线条柔和的黑岩石问道，“那块岩石标志着世界的中心。”

　　我盯着他看，看他是不是在骗我，但他表情严肃认真。而他，反过来也审视着我，好像要确认我是否理解他话中的真谛。这种情形需要我表示出对他的话的认可。“世界的中心?”我又问了一遍，在完全接受他的观点之前努力显出兴趣。他点点头。“一个绝对的中心。这儿的人都知道。”

　　就在这时，那男孩抱着一抱青香蕉回来了。男人将一支香蕉切成两半，把切口处压在水箱表面。香蕉立即熔成糊状堵住了金属壳的裂缝，止住了漏水。看到这一切我太惊讶了。随后他们重新灌满了我的水箱，还额外送给了我一些青香蕉以防水箱又给我找麻烦。在接下来的一小时，又用了一次青香蕉后，我和我的水箱抵达了目的地。当地的修理工微笑着问我，“谁教你用青香蕉的?”我告诉他那个村的名字。“他们指给你看标志世界中心的岩石没有?”他问。我说他们这样问了。“我爷爷从那儿来，”他说，“它是纯粹的中心。这儿的人都知道。”

　　在美国教育的“造就”下，我一点也没注意过青香蕉，只认为它是一种尚未成熟的水果。突然间，在那条山路上，青香蕉被用来修补我的水箱的时机到了。但当我进一步思考时，我发现青香蕉其实一直存在，它可追溯到香蕉的起源。那个村的人多年以来就知道这一点，而现在是我认识这种青香蕉以及一切与它相关的事情的时候了。我开始欣赏那些人特别的智慧和青香蕉潜在的独特价值。好长一段时间我一直在想教育者们所说的“瞬间领悟到的东西”，我知道我刚刚一下子感受到了两样东西：青香蕉的特殊用途和有关世界中心的说法。

　　我花了更长一点的时间来理解村民们所信仰的标志着世界中心的岩石。刚开始我怀疑他们的话，因为事实上世界的中心在新英格兰，毕竟，我祖父来自那儿。但渐渐地，我发现村民们的信念很有道理，我认同他们。我们倾向于把某个特殊的地方看作是世界的中心，在那里我们被他人所了解，并了解其他人，那地方对我们很重要，在那里我们拥有认同感和生活的意义。比如家庭、学校、城镇，还有地方区域，都会成为我们心目中的世界的中心。

　　我渐渐悟到的这一课其实很简单。每个地方对于生活在那里的人们来说都有特殊的意义，在某种程度上来说，每个地方都代表世界的中心。世上有无数个这样的中心，没有一个学生或旅行者能全部经历到。一旦有意识地进入到第二个世界中心，一个人一生观点的形成和收集便开始了。

　　1.encounter n. 意外的相见,遭遇

　　例句：

　　His encounter with the guard dog had completely unnerved him.

　　他遇上了警卫犬, 把他吓坏了.

　　2.radiator n. 暖气片,散热器

　　例句：

　　The radiator is giving out a lot of heat.

　　散热器释放出很多热量.

　　3.refill v. 再充满,再注满

　　例句：

　　Allow me to refill your cup.

　　请允许我给您再斟上一杯。

　　4.slightest adj. 最少的

　　例句：

　　Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.

　　这些烟火要格外小心, 稍有火星就能引起爆炸.

　　5.dawn on v.渐渐被理解

　　例句：

　　The truth began to dawn on him.

　　他开始弄明白真相.

　　6. perspective n. 远景,看法,透视

　　例句：

　　You must get the story in its right perspectives.

　　你必须正确地了解这件事。

　　7.grasp v. 抓住,紧握,领会

　　例句：

　　I grasped the main point of the speech.

　　我领会了这篇演讲的要点。

　　8.reflect on v.思考, 反省, 怀疑, 导致, 责备

　　例句：

　　I always reflect on life when listening to beethoven's symphony.

　　每当听贝多芬交响乐的时候，我总会仔细思考人生。

　　9.astonished adj. 惊讶的'

　　例句：

　　I was astonished at the news of his escape.

　　听到他逃之夭夭的消息，我感到惊讶。

　　引自《英语学习》2003年第二期

　　作者是美国学者Donald Batch elder，文章讲的是对待世界上各种不同文化应采取何种态度的问题。随着国际交往的不断发展，我们的世界越来越像一个地球村，各种风格迥异的文化彼此遭遇、碰撞，文明之间的冲突大有愈演愈烈之势，如何看待异域文化和文化差异成了值得人们认真思考的重要问题。本文的作者通过一个小故事，向我们展示了他本人对这个问题的深入思考。

　　文章可分为两大部分。第一部分为1-4段，作者以第一人称的口吻向我们讲述了他在巴西的一段经历。作为一个美国旅行者，当他驾着一辆旧吉普车行进在巴西中部的山路上时，水箱开始漏水，他被迫停在附近的一个小村庄里。热情的村民用他们古老的办法为作者解决了问题。他们找来了一些尚未成熟的青香蕉，掰开以后塞到水箱漏水处，由于水箱金属壳的热度，香蕉马上融化成胶汁，粘住了裂缝。同时，在与村民的闲聊中，作者还惊讶地得知，他们坚信附近的一块岩石就是世界的中心。这一次与当地本土文化不期然的相遇给了作者很大的震动，在第二部分（5-8段）中，作者着重讲述了他的感悟。首先，他惊讶于青香焦所展示给他的当地古老文化中的智慧；再次，他惊讶于村民们对世界中心即那块岩石的信仰，因为他认为世界的中心应该在他祖父的家乡新英格兰。后来作者逐步意识到：每一种文化都有自身的精妙之处, "The Green Banana" 即象征着每一种文化中所蕴藏的鲜为人知的宝藏；对每一种族的人来说，他们生活的地方对他们都具有特殊意义，从而在某种意义上说都可代表世界的中心 (Every pla ce has special meanings for the people in it, and in a certain sense every place represents the center of the world.)。世界因此有无数的中心，但是人们不可能经历全部。而我们一旦能够从自己文化的包围中走出来，去自觉领受另一种文化，我们将会得到影响自己一生的全新视角，并从此开始收藏异域文化中的宝藏 (The world has numerous such c enters, and no one student or traveler can experience all of them. But once a con scious breakthrough to a second center is made, a life-long perspective and colle ction can begin.)。

　　作者试图通过他的感悟告诉我们, 每一种文化都有它的"green bananas" 它们慢慢成熟，等待着我们放下偏见，以平等和尊重的眼光去欣赏和领悟 (The cultures of the world are full of unexpected green bananas with special value and meaning...ripening slowly, perhaps waiting patiently for people to come along to encounter them.)。任何的种族优越论(ethnocentrism) 或文化扩张 (cultural imperialism) 都是不可取的。

　　本文从语言方面看，还存在着一些难点，下面试作分析。

　　第一段第二句 My ancient jeep was straining up through beautiful countryside... 。动词strain在Collins English Dictionary中的第五条释义为to make intense or violent efforts; strive。此处的strain up 是指因山路陡峭(steep country road)，汽车只得艰难行进。这一段中还要注意倒数第二句中的 pat me on the shoulder 这种表达方式，类似的说法如 seize sb. by the arm；hit sb. in the back；knock sb. on the head 等等。同时，这一句还出现了work out 这个词组，work out 的意思很多，此处是指 to prove satisfact ory or effective (Collins English Dictionary)，例如: Did your plan work out? 我们经常碰到work out 作 to solve or find out by reasoning or calculation (Collins Eng lish Dictionary) 讲，如 work out a sum; work out an answer。

　　第二段中, "I did not ask them, though, as that would show my ignorance...," 此处的though是个副词，表示“然而”。它与although的区别是：although只能作连词，though既可作连词也可作副词，表示in spite of the fact that; even if（《朗文当代英语词典》）。但注意作此种用法时though不出现在句首，例如：

　　It's hard work; I enjoy it though. He is a bad manager.

　　There is no reason, though, to dismiss him.

　　第三段, "The occasion called for some show of recognition on my part.”中，“cal l for” 做 "need or require" 解，on my part 的释义为of or by me (《朗文当代英语词典》)。此句可理解为“当时的情形需要我做出一些认可的表示”。此段还要注意as if 的用法 , "He, in turn, inspeced me carefully, as if to make sure I grasped the signific ance of his statement." as if”为“with the appearance of”，此句中后跟一个以不定式引导的目的状语。请看下面as if 的常见用法: （例句选自《现代英语用法词典》）

　　I've loved you as if you were my son.（后跟从句，动词一般用虚拟语气, be 通常用were这个形式，但在一、三人称主语后用was的情况也不少。）

　　She cleared her throat as if to speak.（后跟不定式）

　　From time to time Jason turned round as if searching for someone.（后跟现在分词）

　　第四段中“... in case my radiator should give me trouble again”，读者可能会对should 在这儿的意思不甚了解。 should 跟在in case引导的从句或条件从句后, 表示未来时间里，某种情况发生的可能性，可译为“万一”。例如：Here is a shilling in case you should need it.（《现代英语用法词典》）

　　第五段中出现了好几个time，需要注意。“...except to regard it as a fruit whose ti me had not yet come.”，这个time指的是水果成熟的季节；“Suddenly, ...its time had come to meet my need.” 这个time 是指青香蕉被用来修补我的水箱的时机；“Its time reached back to the very origins of the banana.” ，这句是说，其实这种青香蕉一直在那儿，它在那儿的时间可以一直追溯到最初香蕉的出现；最后一句比较难，“It was my o wn time that had come, all in relation to it.” 此句可以用英文解释为 my own time had come to get to know it, and to know everything connected with it，意思是我认识这种青香蕉以及一切与它相关的事情的时候来了。

　　此段中作者还提到这段经历使他感受到两个learning moments。那么什么是learning moments？作者指的又是哪两次呢？learning moments 是一个教育学上的概念，指人们在瞬间突然领悟到的东西。作者所指的，一是青香蕉的特殊用途使他感悟到每一种文化都有其内含的宝藏，二是每一个地方的人都有权利和理由认为自己生活在世界的中心。从谋篇布局来看，这句话既总结了前面的经历，又引发出后面的评论，起着承上启下的作用。

　　另外，不知读者是否注意到了作者行文的诙谐。在第五段，作者自嘲地称自己为 “a produ ct of American education”。第六段中“... as I knew for a fact that the center w as located somewhere else in New England.”，fact的用法已很幽默, 而作者证明这个“ 事实”所给出的原因竟然是“After all, my grandfather had come from there.”，这让人立刻想起当地的修理工所说的同样的话。

　　本文的作者从一次具体的经历入手，引发出对待异域文化应采取的正确态度的感悟，由具体到抽象，由浅及深，一气呵成。青香蕉和被当地人视为世界中心的岩石，贯穿文章始终，被作者赋予深刻的象征意义，成为理解此文的关键。以上是我就内容和语言两方面对这篇文章所做的粗浅分析，希望能够于读者对这篇文章的深入理解有所帮助。

　　现代大学英语Lesson1翻译

　　The night before I left for Israel was spent in the same kind of conversations that had filled the previous week. "But why Israel?" my father would ask, in the same tone he used when he asked "Why China?" or "Why Russia?" or "why" any other country I had announced I wanted to visit. "There's war over there, you know," he would add. "Yes, Dad, I know. There are wars everywhere," I would answer. He would ask why I insisted on going to such dangerous places. Finally, I would hear the words I've heard all my life: "Well, you've never listened to me before. Why should I think you'd listen now?" In typical fashion, he would close his eyes, heave a long sigh and shake his head.

　　When these "discussions" took place, my sister, Kristy, would always try to diffuse the tension. Although she realized long ago that it would never work, she' d try just the same. "Kath, " she' d suggest, "why don' t you go to England for summer school. It's not dangerous there. " But as always, she didn't understand. None of my family has ever really

　　understood me. I've never fit my family' s idea of the way I should live my life. England was not exciting enough. I wanted to go somewhere and experience something different. My soul has always been restless to venture into unknown places. My mother has always said that I have "gypsy" in my blood.

　　My sister and I are three and a half years apart in age, but a world apart in the way we live our lives. She is conservative and quiet. I take too many risks, and the only time I'm really quiet is when I'm asleep. I've spent most of my adult life apologizing to my sister and the rest of my family for being different, for embarrassing them by something I wear, something I do or something I say.

　　Since my sister is so different from me—or since I' m so different from her—we aren't very close. The older we get, the busier we become, and the less we see of each other, even though we live only half a mile apart. When we do get together, I feel that she's holding her breath and waiting for me to do or say something "wrong" while I'm walking on eggshells and praying that I don't. But inevitably, I do.

　　Because my sister seemed the least upset with my summer plans, I humbly asked her for a ride to the airport. "No problem, " she said casually, "but don't tell Dad! " I smiled and agreed. It's not that our father is some kind of tyrant. We know that he loves us very much; that's evident from all the sacrifices he has made for us. I would not have gone to law school if it weren't for him. He's just worried and has a hard time separating his worry from his love.

　　On the way to the airport the next day, my sister was quiet as usual. But for the first time since I'd decided to go, she started asking questions about my trip: where I was planning to travel, where I was going to stay. She seemed truly interested.

　　My family is not big on emotional goodbyes, so with a "have a good time" and a quick "love you too, " my sister was gone. I was sad because I felt she just couldn't understand. I wished at that moment that she could come with me, but I knew she wouldn't.

　　I checked in, took my seat and started to get organized. I glanced inside my bag which my sister had loaded in the trunk before we left for the airport. There, along with my passport, traveler's checks and other important items, was a small white envelope with "Kath" written on it in my sister's handwriting. I opened the envelope and found a bon voyage card. It was a lighthearted, funny card with a cartoon on the front. Most cards my family members give are funny cards, and this was no different—or so I thought.

　　When I opened the card and read what was inside, I realized that my sister—who I had decided just couldn't understand—actually did understand. It seemed there was a small part of her that wished she were me, maybe a small part of her that always had wished she were me. The card was blank except for what my sister had written:

　　I really admire you for experiencing life in such a full way.

　　I love you.

　　Your sister,

　　Kristy

　　锋芒---凯瑟琳.路易丝史密里

　　在我去以色列的前一天晚上，我与父亲进行了一场对话，同样的对话贯穿了整个上周。

　　“但是，为什么去以色列呢？”我父亲问。这种口吻，就像问“问什么去中国？”、“为什么去俄罗斯”或“为什么”去其他任何我宣布要去的国家时一样。

　　“你知道的，那里有战争。”他补充说。

　　“是的，爸爸，我知道。但是到处都有战争。”我回答说。

　　他会问我为什么坚持去这么危险的地方。

　　最后，我会听到我一辈子都能听到的话：

　　“好吧，你从来都没听过我的话，我怎么能相信你这次会听呢？”像往常那样，他闭上眼，长叹一口气，摇了摇头。

　　每次遇到这种“谈话”，我的妹妹克里斯蒂总想试图缓和这种紧张气氛。然而，很早以前她就意识到这根本没用。她总是这样建议道：“凯思，为什么不去英格兰上暑期班呢？那里没有危险。”但是像往常那样，她是不理解的。我的家人中没有人真正理解我。我从来没有按照我家人想的那样生活，英格兰不是很精彩，我想去一些地方体验不同的东西，我的内心总是不安分，渴望去未知的地方冒险。我的母亲总说我的血管里流淌着吉普赛人的血。

　　妹妹和我相差三岁半，但是生活方式的不同将我们隔离开来。她保守、安静，而我总是在冒险，我唯一真正安静的时候就是睡觉时。我成年后的大多数时间，总是在向妹妹和其他家人道歉，为我的另类，为我的穿着让他们尴尬，有时候是因为做事不当，有时候是因为说错话。

　　因为妹妹和我不一样---或者说因为我跟她不一样---我们并不是很亲密。年龄越大，人就越忙，我们见面的机会也越少，尽管我们的住处只有半里远。每次我们在一起时，我总能感到她屏住呼吸，等着我做错事或说错话，这时候我总是如履薄冰，祈祷自己没错。但是不可避免的是，我总是错了。

　　因为看起来，妹妹最不担心我的暑期计划，我谦恭地请她开车送我去机场。“没问题，”她轻描淡写地说，“但是别告诉爸爸！”我微笑地答应了她。并不是因为父亲有些专政，我知道他很爱我们，从他为我们所做的牺牲就可以看得出来。如果不是因为他，我是不会去法学院学习的。他只是担心，并且难以将担心和爱区分开来。

　　第二天去机场的路上，妹妹很安静，像往常那样。在我决定离开后，这是她第一次问我有关旅行的问题：准备去哪旅行？住在哪？她看起来很感兴趣。

　　我的家人不太擅长煽情式的离别，说了“玩的开心”及很快的一句“我也爱你”后，妹妹就回去了。我感到伤心，因为我感到她并不理解我。我希望那时她能和我一起去，但我知道，她不会的。

　　办理登机手续，找到座位，开始整理东西。我匆匆看了我的袋子的里面，出发去机场前，妹妹把它放入了旅行箱。那里，和我的护照、旅行支票和其他重要物品在一起的，是一封小小的白色信封，上面写着“凯思”，是我妹妹的笔迹。我打开信封，是一张送行卡。这是一张让人心情愉快、有趣的卡片，前面是一幅卡通画。我家人送出的卡片都是趣味性的，这个也没什么不同--或者我是这么想的。

　　当我打开这张卡片，读里面的文字，我才意识到我的妹妹--我刚刚认定并不理解我的人--事实上是理解的。看起来她身上的一小部分希望她就是我，或者她身上的一小部分一直都希望她就是我。这张卡片上什么都没有，除了我妹妹写的这句话：

　　我真的很羡慕你，可以以这样圆满的方式体验生活！

　　我爱你

　　你的妹妹

　　克里斯蒂

　　1. tone n. 音调,语气,品质 v. 调和,以特殊腔调说,配合

　　例句：

　　Her friendly opening speech set the tone for the whole conference.

　　她友好的开幕词确定了整个会议的基调。

　　2.diffuse vt. 散布; 传播；扩散

　　例句：

　　Schools and libraries and many television programs diffuse knowledge.