大学英语从句句型总结

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大学英语从句句型总结

　　导语：大学英语的语法比高中的时候学得更深入了，下面编为大家总结了有关大学英语的从句句型，欢迎参考!

大学英语从句句型总结

　　大学英语从句句型总结 1

　　一、定语从句

　　在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。

　　1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：This is the boy who often helps me.

　　2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.

　　3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?

　　4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：

　　5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：

　　The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.?

　　6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如:

　　I dont know the reason why he was late.

　　This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.

　　Ill never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.

　　注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

　　7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

　　(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略。

　　(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句，不影响主句意思的完整，一般用逗号把主句和从句分开，关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如：I have two brothers, who are both students.

　　二、状语从句

　　由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语(或其它动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。

　　1、时间状语从句

　　表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。

　　When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.

　　He started as soon as he received the news.

　　Once you see him, you will never forget him.

　　No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.

　　2、原因状语从句

　　原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that(既然)等，for 表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词，语气不如because强。

　　He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.

　　As it is raining, I will not go out.

　　Now that you mention it, I do remember.

　　3、地点状语从句

　　引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。

　　Sit wherever you like.

　　Make a mark where you have a question.

　　4、目的状语从句

　　引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so, so that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in order that, in case(以防，以免)等。

　　Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.

　　She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.

　　He left early in case he should miss the train.

　　5、结果状语从句

　　结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that (从句谓语一般没有情态动词), so that, such that等引导。

　　She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting.

　　He was so excited that he could not say a word.

　　She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.

　　6、条件状语从句

　　条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。

　　If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.

　　You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.

　　So far as I know(据我所知), he will be away for three months.

　　You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank.

　　If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.

　　7、让步状语从句

　　让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。

　　Though he is a child, he knows a lot.

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.

　　8、方式状语从句

　　方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。

　　You must do the exercise as I show you.

　　He acted as if nothing had happened.

　　9、比较状语从句

　　比较状语从句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引导。

　　I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.

　　He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.

　　The busier he is, the happier he feels.

　　三、名词性从句

　　在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

　　引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that(无任何词意);whether, if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性);as if ,as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”)。

　　以上在从句中均不充当任何成分

　　连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. Whichever, whomever

　　连接副词：when, where, how, why

　　具体分类

　　1.主语从句

　　作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的.疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：

　　What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

　　Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

　　2.宾语从句

　　名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

　　(1) 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

　　由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

　　He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

　　(2)用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：

　　I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

　　3.表语从句

　　在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：

　　The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

　　Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

　　4. 同位语从句

　　同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。例如：

　　The news that we won the game is exciting.　我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

　　I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

　　大学英语从句句型总结 2

　　定语从句

　　一、概念

　　定语从句的概念，在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

　　例如： 1) The man who lives next to us is a fool.

　　2) You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.

　　上面两句中的the man和the house是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

　　二、关系词(连接词)

　　1.关系代词引导的定语从句

　　引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose) 和关系副词where, when, why。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时还做定语从句的一个成分。

　　2.关于that, which的用法注意点

　　1)只能用that，不用which作为定语从句关系代词的情况

　　a)不定代词，如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词

　　There is nothing that I can do.

　　I mean the one that was bought yesterday.

　　b)先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last修饰

　　This is the very book that I want to find.

　　The last place that I visited was the hospital.

　　c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时

　　This is the first composition that he has written in English.

　　d)先行词既有人，又有物时

　　He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

　　2)不用that, 只用which的情况

　　a)引导非限定性定语从句时which

　　The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

　　b)介词后用which

　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.

　　3.关系副词引导的定语从句

　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

　　1)先行词是表示地点名词时(country, school, room…)，而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词+which的结构。值得注意的'是which前的介词选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。

　　Beijing is the place in which (=where) I was born.

　　He wants to find the place in which (=where) he lived forty years ago.

　　2)先行词是表示时间名词时(year, month, day, night…)，而关系词代替先行词在定语

　　从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词+which的结构。值得注意的是when前的介词选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。

　　His father died that year in which (=when) he was born.

　　I cannot forget the first day on which (=when) my family moved into the city.

　　3)先行词是the reason，而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当原因状语，一般用why引导定语从句。也可以用for + which的结构。

　　Is this the reason for which (why) he refused our offer?

　　但是这里要指出的是，如果介词和Which搭配在一起并不表示以上三种意思，则我们只能保留介词+Which的形式。如 I know English in which I wrote the love letter.

　　4.判断关系代词与关系副词

　　方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要

　　求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

　　大学英语从句句型总结 3

　　I 定语从句

　　1.先行词为all， anything， something， nothing， everything， much， little， none等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。在大多数情况下that可以省略.

　　Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.

　　That’s all (that) we can do at the moment.

　　2.as引出的限制性定语从句

　　在such … as的结构中as可作关系代词，引出限制性定语从句。有时和same连用，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。

　　Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.

　　I’ve never seen such a talented young man as he is.

　　I have the same trouble as you (have)。

　　3.as引出的非限制性定语从句

　　as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，通常译为“(正)如…一样”，“(正)象…一样”等。as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面.

　　I live a long way from work， as you know.

　　She did not， as her friend had feared， break down.

　　As is generally accepted， economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

　　4.分隔式定语从句

　　定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开，从而构成分隔式定语从句。

　　The days are gone when power politics worked.

　　A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you French.

　　5.介词+关系代词(which/whom等)引出的定语从句

　　如果关系代词(which/whom等)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成“介词+关系代词(which/whom等)+定语从句”。在这种结构中关系代词不可以用that。

　　This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.

　　The four travelers with whom I shared the room were pleasant people.

　　6.关系代词在限制性定语从句中常可以省略，一般有以下几种情况：

　　1) 关系代词在从句中作直接宾语时，在大多数情况下可以省略。

　　This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.

　　The man (whom) you just met is our manager.

　　关系代词作介词宾语时，介词位于句尾时关系代词可以省略;介词位于关系代词之前时则关系代词不能省略。

　　This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.

　　This is the room in which Churchill was born.(which不可省略)

　　2) 关系代词作主语时一般不能省略，但如果关系代词在由there … be存在句构成的定语从句中作主语时常可省略。

　　This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.

　　The old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research.

　　3) 在way后面的定语从句中in which或that通常省略。

　　That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.

　　I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.

　　7.非限制性定语从句

　　非限制性定语从句修饰先行词或整个主句，起补充说明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句隔开，其引导词不能用that。非限制性定语从句属于正式语体。经常考到的非限制性定语从句有以下三种。

　　1)由which、as引导的非限制性定语从句。which、as代表整个主句。

　　He said that he had never seen her before， which was not true.

　　China is still a developing country， which is known to all of us.

　　2)由 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。

　　He sent her a letter， in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.

　　He failed to pass the exam， because of which his parents scolded him.

　　4) 由 “数词、代词或名词+of +关系代词”引导的'非限制性定语从句。

　　He had three sons， one of whom was my son’s classmate.

　　There are about twenty students in this course， most of whom are freshmen.

　　They are two different words， the spellings of which are easily confused.

　　Ⅱ 状语从句

　　状语从句中以下四种从句考得较多，这里给予简单介绍。

　　1) 时间状语从句

　　时间状语从句主要由以下连词引导：when， whenever， as， while， since， until， till， before， after， as soon as， once， hardly (scarcely) … when， no sooner … than。

　　I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.

　　He didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework.

　　You have changed a lot since we met last time.

　　时间状语从句还可由某些可充当连词的名词(the moment， the instant， every time，等)和副词(instantly， directly等)引导：

　　I will tell you the news the instant I know.

　　Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.

　　Note：

　　①before除了可表示 “在…之前”外，还可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量相比较大，可译为“…才”。(“not … before” 可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的力量相比较小，可译为“…就”)。

　　It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

　　They had not been married a month before they quarreled.

　　②如果位于when引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或“was/were about to， was/were on the point of”等结构时，when表示突然发生某事，可译为“正在…突然”或“刚…就”等。这时，不能够用as或while来代替when。

　　I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.

　　She had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.

　　We were about to leave when it began to rain.

　　2) 条件状语从句

　　条件状语从句主要由以下连词引导：if， unless， providing/provided (that)， suppose/supposing (that)， on condition (that)， as/so long as， in case等。

　　So long as you work hard， you will surely achieve good results in examinations.

　　I shall return next Thursday unless something unexpected happens.

　　I will go provided that you go with me.

　　Please give this letter to John in case he comes.

　　3) 让步状语从句

　　让步状语从句主要由以下连词引导：though， although， even if， even though， whatever， however， whoever， wherever， no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介绍几种较特殊的让步状语从句。

　　(1)while引导的让步状语从句多放在句首，while相当于although，表示“尽管”，“虽然”。

　　While I admit I did it， I didn’t intend to.

　　While I understand what you say， I can’t agree with you.

　　(2)短语“even now/then/so”相当于“though it is/was true”，表示“尽管如此”，“尽管这样”。

　　The fire was out， but even so， the smell of smoke was strong.

　　I’ve tried my best， but even now/then she is not satisfied.

　　(3) as引导的让步状语从句要倒装。

　　Child as he was， he could speak four languages.

　　Hard as she tried， she failed to get the job.

　　4) 比较状语从句

　　比较状语从句主要由以下连词引导：(not) as … as， (not) the same as， (not) such … as， not so … as， than， the + 比较级…， the +比较级…等。

　　We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.

　　She can speak English as fluently as her teacher (can)。

　　Ⅲ 宾语从句

　　1) 及物动词后的宾语从句

　　有些动词的宾语从句前还可有一个间接宾语。

　　I remember that we have learned this word before.

　　I don’t understand what you have said.

　　She asked the teacher how she could learn English well.

　　2) 介词的宾语从句

　　It depends on whether you want to do it or not

　　There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.

　　Note：在介词in后面跟that引导的宾语从句中，in that可看成是一个固定的搭配，表示“因为”或“在…方面”。

　　The evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means.

　　A turtle differs from all other reptiles in that it has its body encased in a protective shell of its own.

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