英语基本句型学习
英语作为学生学习的重要科目,语法和句型的掌握是构建语言基础的关键。以下是小编整理的英语基本句型学习,希望对大家有所办帮助。

基本句型
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:
(说明:S=主语,V=谓语,P=表语,O=宾语,o=间接宾语,C=宾语补足语)
Ⅰ. 主语+动词(SV)
在此句式中,v是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如:
Everybody laughed.
大家都笑了。
Ⅱ. 主语+动词+表语 (SVP)
在此句式中,v是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall ill/asleep, stand/sit still, become, turn等。例如:
The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来有趣。
Ⅲ. 主语+动词+宾语 (SVO)
在此句式中,v是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:
I love apples.
我喜欢苹果。
Ⅳ. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语(SVoO)
在此句式中,v是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get等。例如:
I gave him my address.
我告诉他我的地址。
Ⅴ. 主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOC)
在此句式中,v是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。例如:
I found the box empty.
我发现盒子是空的。
英语基本句型语法
英语的五种基本句型结构:
主语 + 不及物动词 (SV)
主语 + 连系动词 (SVC)
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (SVO)
主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOD)
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(SVOC)
1. S + V
He works. He is studying.
① 主语+谓语(vi.) + 状语(从句)
The sun sets in the west. He went nowhere
② 主语+谓语(vi.) + 名词短语
We had come a long way. He waited (for) two years.
2. S + V + C
He is a student / in yellow / there…
① 主语 + be + 表语表语由下列词充当:名词、形容词、副词、介词(短语)、动词不定式、分词(短语)、动名词、从句等
② 主语 + 其它连系动词 + 表语这些连系动词包括:appear, continue, feel, go(变成), keep, lie(处于…状态), look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn
Bob lay sick.
His dream comes true.
3. S + V + O
An idea struck me.
① 主语+谓语(v. + prep)+宾语
It depends on the weather. 备用词:act as, agree on / with / to,
arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to,
prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about
② 主语+谓语(v. + adv.)+宾语
I thought over the plan. I thought it over.
备用词:bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in
NOTICE: v + adv. + prep.
get along with, add up to, do away with,
break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with
v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of,
take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in
③ 主语+谓语+宾语+介词+宾语
The teacher punished him for being late.
Congratulate him on his success.
Compare this with that.
4. S + V + O + D (间接宾语由代词和名词充当)
① 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
Will you lend me your pen, please ?
She bought him many toys.
② 主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 代词或名词
Will you lend your pen to me, please ?
She bought many toys for him.
备用词:pay, give, hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave
5. S + V + O + C 宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种:主表关系;
主谓关系。宾语可由形容词、副词、介词、动词不定式充当
主表:① I find the book interesting. (主谓宾+形容词)
② I saw him there. (主谓宾+副词)
③ I found the book on the desk.(主谓宾+介词)
④ We elected him monitor. (主谓宾+名词)
主谓:①They saw the thief running away. (主谓宾 + 现在分词)
②Where did you see him knocked down?(主谓宾+过分词)
③ What makes you think so ?(主谓宾+动词不定式)
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