小学生猴年春节手抄报

发布时间:2017-01-26 编辑:莲喜

  本文是一则有关手抄报资料,它主要向大家展现了有关春节各种习俗小知识!下面就让我们一起来品读这则手抄报吧!

  神话传说

  熬年守岁

  守岁,就是在旧年的最后一天夜里不睡觉,熬夜迎接新一年的到来的习俗,也叫除夕守岁,俗名“熬年”。

  探究这个习俗的来历,在民间流传着一个有趣的故事:太古时期,有一种凶猛的怪兽,散居在深山密林中,人们管它们叫“年”。它的形貌狰狞,生性凶残,专食飞禽走兽、鳞介虫,一天换一种口味,从磕头虫一直吃到大活人,让人谈“年”色变。后来,人们慢慢掌握了“年”的活动规律,它是每隔三百六十五天窜到人群聚居的地方尝一次口鲜,而且出没的时间都是在天黑以后,等到鸡鸣破晓,它们便返回山林中去了。算准了“年”肆虐的日期,百姓们便把这可怕的一夜视为关口来煞,称作“年关”,并且想出了一整套过年关的办法:每到这一天晚上,每家每户都提前做好晚饭,熄火净灶,再把鸡圈牛栏全部拴牢,把宅院的前后门都封住,躲在屋里吃“年夜饭”,由于这顿晚餐具有凶吉未卜的意味,所以置办得很丰盛,除了要全家老小围在一起用餐表示和睦团圆外,还须在吃饭前先供祭祖先,祈求祖先的神灵保佑,平安地度过这一夜,吃过晚饭后,谁都不敢睡觉,挤坐在一起闲聊壮胆。就逐渐形成了除夕熬年守岁的习惯。

  守岁习俗兴起于南北朝,梁朝的不少文人都有守岁的诗文。“一夜连双岁,五更分二年。”人们点起蜡烛或油灯,这种风俗被人们流传至今。

小学生猴年春节手抄报
小学生猴年春节手抄报
 

  万年历法说

  相传在古时候,有个名叫万年的青年,看到当时节令很乱,就有了想把节令定准的打算,但是苦于找不到计算时间的方法。一天,他上山砍柴累了,坐在树阴下休息,树影的移动启发了他,他设计了一个测日影计天时的晷仪,测定一天的时间,后来,山崖上的滴泉启发了他的灵感,他又动手做了一个五层漏壶,来计算时间。天长日久,他发现每隔三百六十多天,四季就轮回一次,天时的长短就重复一遍。当时的国君叫祖乙,也常为天气风云的不测感到苦恼。万年知道后,就带着日晷和漏壶去见皇上,对祖乙讲清了日月运行的道理。祖乙听后龙颜大悦,感到有道理。于是把万年留下,在天坛前修建日月阁,筑起日晷台和漏壶亭。并希望能测准日月规律,推算出准确的晨夕时间,创建历法,为天下的黎民百姓造福。有一次,祖乙去了解万年测试历法的进展情况。当他登上日月坛时,看见天坛边的石壁上刻着一首诗:

  日出日落三百六,周而复始从头来。

  草木枯荣分四时,一岁月有十二圆。

小学生猴年春节手抄报
小学生猴年春节手抄报

  知道万年创建历法已成,亲自登上日月阁看望万年。万年指着天象,对祖乙说:“正是十二个月满,旧岁已完,新春复始,祈请国君定个节吧”。据说这就是春节的来历。冬去春来,年复一年,万年经过长期观察,精心推算,制定出了准确的太阳历,当他把太阳历呈奉给继任的国君时,已是满面银须。国君深为感动,为纪念万年的功绩,便将太阳历命名为“万年历”,封万年为日月寿星。以后,人们在过年时挂上寿星图,据说就是为了纪念德高望重的万年.

  桃符传说

  宋代王安石在《元日》这首诗中写道:“千门万户曈曈日,总把新桃换旧符。”,形容初日的光亮。诗中的“桃”和“符”是互文,意即总把新桃符换下旧桃符—除旧布新。

  关于桃符有个美丽的传说---很久以前,东海度朔山风景秀丽,山上有一片桃林,其中有一株桃树巨大无比,枝繁叶茂,曲蟠三千里,结的桃子又大又甜,人吃了这树上的桃子能变成神仙。

  一个漆黑的夜晚,有青面獠牙、红发绿眼的鬼怪想偷吃仙桃。桃林主人神荼、郁垒二兄弟用桃枝打败鬼怪,并用草绳捆着喂了看山的老虎。从此,两兄弟的大名令鬼怪为之惧怕,他们死后变为专门惩治恶鬼的神仙。后世人们用一寸宽、七八寸长的桃木板画上神荼、郁垒两神仙像挂在自家门两侧,以驱鬼祛邪,这种桃木板被称作“桃符”。随着时代的变化,桃符本身也在变化,以后人们又将两个神仙的名字写在桃符上,代替画像,再后来,又发展到“题桃符”,即将字数相等、结构对称、意思相应的短诗题写在桃符上,这就是春联的前身。

  贴春联、门神

  根据《玉烛宝典》,《燕京岁时记》等著作记载,春联原始形式就是人们所说的“桃符”。在中国古代神话中,相传有一个鬼域的世界,当中有座山,山上有一棵覆盖三千里的大桃树,树梢上有一只金鸡。每当清晨金鸡长鸣的时候,夜晚出去游荡的鬼魂必赶回鬼域。鬼域的大门坐落在桃树的东北,门边站着两个神人,名叫神荼、郁垒。如果鬼魂在夜间干了伤天害理的事情,神荼、郁垒就会立即发现并将它捉住,用芒苇做的绳子把它捆起来,送去喂虎。因而天下的鬼都畏惧神荼、郁垒。于是民间就用桃木刻成他们的模样,放在自家门口,以避邪防害。后来,人们干脆在桃木板上刻上神荼、郁垒的名字,认为这样做同样可以镇邪去恶。这种桃木板后来就被叫做“桃符”。

  到了宋代,人们便开始在桃木板上写对联,一则不失桃木镇邪的意义,二则表达自己美好心愿,三则装饰门户,以求美观。又在象征喜气吉祥的红纸上写对联,新春之际贴在门窗两边,用以表达人们祈求来年福运的美好心愿。为了祈求一家的福寿康宁,一些地方的人们还保留着贴门神的习惯。据说,大门上贴上两位门神,一切妖魔鬼怪都会望而生畏。人们所仰慕的捉鬼天师钟馗,即是此种奇形怪相。所以民间的门神永远都怒目圆睁,相貌狰狞,手里拿着各种传统的武器,随时准备同敢于上门来的鬼魅战斗。唐朝以后,除了以往的神荼、郁垒二将以外,人们又把秦叔宝和尉迟恭两位唐代武将当作门神。相传,唐太宗生病,听见门外鬼魅呼号,彻夜不得安宁。于是他让这两位将军手持武器立于门旁镇守,第二天夜里就再也没有鬼魅搔扰了。其后,唐太宗让人把这两位将军的形象画下来贴在门上,这一习俗开始在民间广为流传。由于中国民居的大门,通常都是两扇对开,所以门神总是成双成对。

  英语版春节习俗

  扫尘 Sweeping the Dust

  “Dust” is homophonic with "chen”(尘)in Chinese, which means old and past. In this way, "sweeping the dust” before the Spring Festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. This custom shows a good wish of putting away old things to welcome a new life. In a word, just before the Spring Festival comes, every household will give a thorough cleaning to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new.

  贴春联 Pasting Spring Couplets

  “The Spring Couplet”, also called "couplet” and "a pair of antithetical phrases”, is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door and a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, usually an auspicious phrase, above the gate. The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet and the one on the left the second line. On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival. In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do for them, while nowadays, it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.

小学生猴年春节手抄报
小学生猴年春节手抄报

  贴窗花和“福”字 Pasting Paper-cuts and "Up-sided Fu”

  Paper-cuts, usually with auspicious patterns, give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival and express the good wishes of Chinese people looking forward to a good life. In addition to pasting paper-cuts on windows, it is common for Chinese to paste the character "fu(福)”, big and small, on walls, doors and doorposts around the houses. "Fu(福)” shows people’s yearning toward a good life. Some people even invert the character "fu(福)” to signify that blessing has arrived because "inverted” is a homonym for "arrive” in Chinese. Now many kinds of paper-cuts and "fu(福)” can be seen in the market before the Festival.

  守岁 Staying Up Late on New Year‘s Eve

  The tradition of staying up late to see New Year in originated from an interesting folk tale. In ancient China there lived a monster named Year, who was very ferocious. Year always went out from its burrow on New Year’s Eve to devour people. Therefore, on every New Year’s Eve, every household would have supper together. After dinner, no one dared go to sleep and all the family members would sit together, chatting and emboldening each other. Gradually the habit of staying up late on New Year’s Eve is formed. Thus in China, "celebrating the Spring Festival” is also called "passing over the year (guo nian)”。 However, now there are less and less people in cities who will stay up late to see New Year in.

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