托福考试语法笔记:介宾短语

发布时间:2017-11-03 编辑:bin

  什么是介宾短语?

  不能单独使用,必须和其他词连用的介词,称作介词的宾语,它们共同构成的介宾短语常在句中作状语,作名词的后置定语,有时作某些动词的宾语补足语

  考点一 名词作介词宾语

  大部分介词的宾语都是由名词(包括代词)充当的,如:under the tree, during the day, 这一考点在题中多次出现

  例题:

  (1)

  The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for ----with which to regulate them.

  (A) more accurate than sundials

  (B) more accurate sundials

  (C) sundials more accurately

  (D) more accurately than sundials

  答案:B

  解释:search for缺少宾语, 只有B是表达无误的名词词组, 可以作宾语;其他选项的比较形式都有错。

  (2)

  Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long.

  应改为:in length.

  解释:long 是形容词, 不能单独接在介词之后, 其名词形式length与in构成介宾短语, 表示长度

  考点二 动名词作介词宾语

  名词作宾语时,之后不能再接宾语,这一缺陷可由动名词弥补。

  如:before doing the job , after getting back

  改错题中常把应该用动名词作宾语的地方误用为名词或不定式,需留心陷阱

  例题:

  (1)

  The Conestoga wagon, used for to carry heavy loads over long distances, originatedaround 1725 in a region of Pennsylvania occupied by the Conestoga Indians.

  应改为:carrying.

  解释:不定式不能作for的宾语, 改为动名词即可

  (2)

  Copper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae ----harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.

  (A) does not

  (B) but does no

  (C) except

  (D) without

  答案:D

  解释:harming 是动名词形式, 因此要求前面的词是介词或可接动名词的动词. A B 可首先排除; C 虽是介词, 但与句意不符.

  (3) Mary Ann Hardy was known for her skill to paint miniature watercolor portraits on ivory.

  应改为:in painting

  解释:后置定语修饰名词,什么方面的技能,不能用不定式。

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