如果你准备考雅思，那么下面的这些写作知识你必须知道而且你看到了这篇文章你就赚到了!
【About Ielts Writing】
三要素搞定小作文流程图：
雅思小作文总共可以分成两大类，分别是数据类小作文和非数据类小作文。
数据类小作文因为出现的比较早，大家基本上都知道如何下笔，而相较之下，比较晚“出生”的非数据类小作文，主要有流程图和地图题两类，大家时常会觉得难以下笔，今天我们就来聊聊流程图~
流程图，英文叫Flow chart。flow是流动的意思，chart指的是图表，因此流程图小作文的本质是让考生对某种事物的变化过程进行描述。考生之所以觉得流程图小作文不好得分，主要是由于图中会出现若干“超级长难词”，根本看不懂图表在画什么。而且许多动词不知道如何表达，比如剑六中的蚕产卵，吐丝等。再者，主体段中连接手段的欠缺，导致一部分考生在考试时一遇到流程图，只好感叹自己命不好。
其实，流程图小作文要想得分，关键在于考生能否抓住三个要素：用词、衔接手段、时态和语态。
【得分要素一：用词】
令众多考生抓狂的事情莫过于图中出现了n多的生词，导致许多烤鸭在看完图后心里都会冒出两个问题：这画的是神马?好多单词不认识怎么写呀?其实，要想解决这两个问题非常简单。首先，如果读题后发现根本不知题目所云，连图表画的是什么都不知道的话，不要着急，我们可以去抓图表的大标题。因为大标题往往就是这个图的描述对象。因此考生根本无需知道大标题什么意思，只要往主体段中照抄，即XXX由几个步骤组成即可(置于主体段段首，作为总趋势)。比如剑六的第三套题：
由于题目中出现了silkworm, silk cloth, life cycle等词汇，很容易导致考生抓不住描述对象。其实，我们完全可以从流程图大标题下手，提炼出描述对象，至于能不能看懂，根本不重要。
比如上图中的大标题“Life cycle of the silkworm”就是描述对象。
production of silk cloth 也是描述对象。
提炼出描述对象后，在主体段第一句话直接写Life cycle of the silkworm consists of five steps.即可，这样一来便描述出了数据的总趋势，而题目要求明确提出“Summarize the information”，总结数据总体趋势。其次，出现好多生词是正常现象，我们根本不需要知道第一个图中的moth，muberry leaf和larva是什么意思，只需要看出moth下了好多蛋，larva是吃muberryleaf长大的即可。至于下蛋，完全可以用produce这个动词来表示，而吃则用eat来表示。完全可以满足5.5分作文的要求。
【得分要素二：衔接手段】
高分作文与低分作文最明显的一个差别就是低分作文很少使用连接手段对主题段内句与句进行连接。因此，大量而准确的使用连接手段，是提高分数最快的途径之一。就流程图而言，所谓的连接手段则是要在主体段内标明步骤。表明流程图步骤的连接词和连接短语现总结如下：
第一，第一步：Firstly, to begin with, in the first step, in the first place
第二，第二步：Secondly, next, at the second step, after that
第三，下一步：Thirdly, at the next stage, then
第四，最后一步：Fourthly, at the final step, lastly, finally
以上几种连接手段用于步骤与步骤之间的衔接和过渡，在流程图中使用，可以帮助考生提高段落内部的连贯性，使文章的层次感更加分明。
得分要素三：时态和语态
低分作文在时态语态方面经常误用。流程图小作文主要分为两种，一种是动植物生命周期，比如上面的第一幅图，还有一种是某种产品的加工工艺，比如上面第二幅图。不管哪种类型的流程图，在对过程进行描述时都不会牵扯到过多的时态问题，因此我们多用一般现在时。
而对于动植物生命周期的语态来说，动植物生命循环一般都是源于自身生长规律，比如蚕会自己生长、吐丝，然后破茧而出。这个过程不需要借助外力，因此这类图多用主动语态，但也要注意随机应变，比如蛋是被蛾子排出来的，这类情况下要用被动语态。对产品加工工艺这类图而言，一定是人为进行的生产和加工，必须借助外力，产品不会自己生产出来。因此这类图多用被动语态，
优秀范文赏析(一)：
How to make chocolate
The diagram shows the stages in the process ofmaking chocolate.
【所有的小作文第一句话都要用一般现在时。流程图必备三个词：process：整个过程, stage：阶段，step：步骤】
Chocolatecomesfrom the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of SouthAmerica, Africa and Indonesia.
【开头不能冲上来就直接介绍cacaotree，而是通过主题词chocolate引出，否则显得太唐突】The tree produces large red pods which contain whitecocoa beans. Firstly, when the pods are ripe,they areharvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days inlarge wooden boxes.
【三个句子的并列：“句子A，句子B and句子C”。】
During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.
【流程图特点之五：要 适当地添加个别图中没有交代但能从图片中直接读出来的的一些内容，否则可能达不到字数要求。但是一定要把握尺度，千万不要加上自己的主观观点，否则会扣分】
Next,the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry. They arethen put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry. After this, the beans are taken toa chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures ofbetween 250 and 350 degree Celsius.
After beingroasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed. This part is notneeded for making chocolate. Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressedand liquid chocolate is produced.
优秀范文赏析(二)：
Brick manufacturing
*Clay: type of sticky earth that is used for makingbricks, pots, etc.
【满分范文】
The process by whichbricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in sevenconsecutive steps. First the raw material, clay, which was just below thesurface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.
Then the lumps of clayare placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay intomuch smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whosemotion further segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are added to make ahomogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds or cut intobrick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.
Those fresh bricks arethen kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, severaldozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are thentransferred to a so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. Firstthey are kept at a moderate temperature of 200 ℃-1300℃. This process is followed by cooling downthe finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber.
Once thebricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and deliveredto their final destination, be it a building site or storage.
雅思写作热门题目盘点：
热门雅思作文题目TOP 1：
A friend will visit Beijing. You will meet him at airport. But for somereason, you have to be late. Explain the reason. Since you haven't meet eachother, tell the friend where you will meet and how to recognize each other.
热门雅思作文题目TOP 2：
More and more children's writing & math ability are affected bycomputers and calculators. We should limit the use of those tools. Disagree oragree.
热门雅思作文题目TOP 3：
you have broke your leg and have to stayed in hospital. you received manycards and letters from your classmates. write a letter to tell them your detailof your position and thank them at the same time.
热门雅思作文题目TOP 4.
Participating in a sport is as important for psychological health as it isfor physical conditions and social development.
热门雅思作文题目TOP 5.
You live in a room in college which you share with another student. Youfind it very difficult to work there because he or she always has friendsvisiting. They have parties in the room and sometimes borrow your things withoutasking you. Write a letter to the Accommodation officer at the college and askfor a new room nest term. You would prefer a single room. Explain yourreason.
热门雅思作文题目TOP 6.
Write to an English speaking college about qualification, accommodation,fee, what courses do you want to choose and why.
热门雅思作文题目TOP 7.
You are accepted as an oversea student by an university. Before you go tothe university, write to the student officer and ask them sth about theaccommodation, the transportation,and the class schedule.
热门雅思作文题目TOP 8.
You are a history teacher at a high school. You see an ad at the localnewspaper to introduce the local museum which coincidens with what you teachnow. Write to the museum officer and tell them that you want to bring yourstudents to visit it.
热门雅思作文题目TOP 9.
Write a letter to your friend and express thanks for his present which wasbrought to you during you were ill at the hospital.
热门雅思作文题目TOP 10.
The first car appeared on British roads in 1888. By the year 2000 there maybe as many as 29 million vehicles on British roads. Alternative forms oftransport should be encouraged and international laws introduced to control carownership and use. What do you think? Give reasons for your answer.
怎样使雅思写作简洁又漂亮?
雅思写作练习时，很多考生认为长难句能够提升文章的语言质量并因此获得更高的分数。
然而有时一味地追求句子的长度反而会牺牲句子的“可读性”与“句法准确性”。
下面我们就来看一些例子，体会一些写得并不成功的长句和怎样修改的建议：
建议一：避免空洞的单词和词组
1.一些空洞的单词或词组根本不能为句子带来任何相关的或重要的信息，完全可以被删掉。
比如：When all things are considered, young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.
这句话当中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都显得多余。完全可以去掉。改为：
Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.
2.有些空洞和繁琐的表达方式可以进行替换
例如：Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.
“due to the fact that”就是一个很典型的繁琐的表达方式的例子，可以替换，简化为下面的表达方式：
Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now.
建议二：避免重复
1.尽量避免重复使用同样的词汇。或者有的时候虽然词汇没有重复，但意思却有重复。这时候可以做一些简化的工作。
例如下面这个例子：The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.
large对一个farm来说就是size方面的large，所以in size可以去掉，改为：
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.
更简洁的表达方式为：
My grandfather grew up on a large farm.
2.有时一个词组可以用一个更简单的单词来替换
例如：My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents' farm.
这里的over and over again就可以改为repeatedly，显得更为简洁：
My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents' farm.
建议三：选择最恰当的语法结构
选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然语法的多样性也很重要，但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。以下原则是在考虑选择何种语法结构时可以参考的原则：
1.一个句子的主语和谓语动词应该能够反映句子中的最重要的意思。
例如：The situation that resulted in my grandfather's not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.
从意思上来分析，上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather's not being able to study”，而在表达这个概念时，原句用的主语是situation，谓语动词是was，不能强调需要表达的重点概念，可以改为下面这句话：
My grandfather couldn't study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.
2.避免频繁使用“there be”结构
例如下面的句子：There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.
可以改为：
My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.
更简洁的句式为：
My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.
3.把从句改为短语或单词。
例如：Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.
简介的表达方式为：
The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers to the nearest university.
4.仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候，才使用被动语态。
例如：In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather's family.
本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather's family”，而使用了被动语态後，彷佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态，相对来说更简洁一些：
In the fall, my grandfather's family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.
5.用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语，
例如：My grandfather didn't have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends.
Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达，即loiter:
My grandfather didn't have time to loiter with his school friends.
6.有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达
例如：Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree.
两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子：
Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree.
七个需要注意的雅思写作细节整理：
雅思写作细节一、时间安排
雅思写作要求考生在一个小时之内完成一篇至少150个单词的说明文或信件(20分钟)和一篇至少250个单词的议论文(40分钟)。考生需合理安排时间。
疑问：先写Task 1还是Task 2?
专家：建议考生先简后难，Task 1 尽量控制在20分钟内完成，然后安心写 Task 2。所以考生在考前一定要多练多写，掌握时间。
雅思写作细节二、字数
雅思写作字数是有下限的，但没有上限，所以很多考生都有疑问，到底多少单词的文章可以拿到高分。当然这没有绝对的限制，但据统计看来，大多数的高分小作文字数都在180左右，而大作文也在280左右。
疑问：字数不够怎么办?
专家：就Task 1而言，说明该考生对图表的分析能力还有待提高，多练习看图审题构思。如果Task 2字数不够，说明考生思路不开阔，论据无法扩展，考生需增加阅读量，多看和雅思写作话题相近的文章和精读雅思范文来掌握论据扩展方法。
雅思写作细节三、标题与格式
雅思的大小作文都不需要题目。雅思写作有两种格式：一是空行不空格式，即文章每段开头顶格写，段与段之间空一行;二是空格不空行，即除首段顶格外，文章每段开头空五个字符，段与段之间不空行。
雅思写作细节四、机经
雅思考试是非常系统而且专业的语言水平测试，它有着庞大的题库，有些题目也会重复出现，所以考生可以通过了解以往考题，即机经充分把握写作题型、话题等，为考试做好充分准备。
疑问：要不要背范文?
专家：背范文对提高考生的英语语言水平有很大帮助，但考生要明确背范文的目的是吸收其中的精华，如观点、语言、结构等，而不是在考试时遇到相同题目全盘照搬，否则被考官发现，将影响最后的得分。
雅思写作细节五、评分
大小作文在写作中所占比例大约是6比4。可见Task 2在最后写作得分中所占比重较大，但也不能忽略Task 1。
疑问：卷面不整洁会否扣分?
专家：潦草的字迹和不整洁的卷面将在一定程度上影响考官理解文章内容，从而影响得分。
雅思写作细节六、时态
图表作文通常会给出特定的时间，考生要根据此时间决定文章的时态。通常情况下有以下三种情况：过去时间用一般过去式，现在时间或没给出时间用一般现在式，预测用一般将来式。议论文根据内容确定时态。
雅思写作细节七、学术类文章的一些文体注意事项
让我们通过具体的例子来了解此类文章书写和文体的特点
1. N2O wasn't produced until 1990, after which, its production grew rapidly.
雅思文章为正式文体，所以尽量不要出现缩写，wasn't建议写成was not 。
2. The bottles are first divided by color into clear, brown and clear ones which are then washed by high-pressurised water.
拼写出现问题。在雅思写作中，英式和美式拼写都接受，但我们还是尽量做到两者不混淆。如or和our,se和ze。or和ze为美式拼写，而our和se为英式拼写。
3. Nowadays, more and more people have private cars.
more and more词汇过于简单，我们可以用an increasing number of来替代。
4. Let all of us make great efforts to construct a more civilised China!
此句子喊口号，抒发情感。雅思大作文为议论文，不需要任何形式的情感抒发和口号，所以这句话不适合这样的语言环境。
雅思大作文是不讲道理的：
雅思大作文考的是议论文，即考查考生是否能够在相对较短的时间内搜集论据，具体地论证自己的观点。
另外，大作文的话题范围也很广，政府社会、工作、经济、科技、教育等话题都会考到。
但对于长期接触国内英语学习的学生来说，在写作时仍然会摸不着头脑，无处下笔。
因为中国考生很少考虑这方面的问题，学校老师也很少鼓励对这些社会话题进行讨论，造成考生想问题往往只能按照固定模式，因而论证非常空洞、缺乏说服力。
中国考生在应对雅思作文时喜欢通过讲道理来说明问题，但话题中并不是所有题目和内容都可以通过道理来说服他人的，比如关于“anti-social behavior”, 属于道德范畴的话题，是很难用道理来讲清楚的。所以，建议考生在备考时需要加强论据论证的能力，使其能够很好地支持自己的观点。
那么，应该怎样对大作文进行有力的论证呢?最常用的方式就是解释和例证，几乎在每一篇雅思大作文中，都可以看见这两种论证方法的身影。
如下面关于“work at home or study at home”的一段例证：
IBM, one of the business giants, has saved nearly 70 million US dollars in its northeastern region by promoting telecommuting, which has been a driving force to other enterprises to convert their normal working staff into telecommuters. Companies in Japan are one of them and plan to launch the scheme in 2009, which, in turn, spiritually wins more supports from the existing employees, and attracts new hires. 这段话中的2个例子(商业巨头IBM和日本的企业计划)都较好地完成了“若员工选择在家上班，会对公司带来积极的作用”这一证明。
此外，提醒考生们需要注意的是，雅思大作文明确指出“give reasons or examples from your own experience”, 这里的“your own experience”和“your personal experience”是完全不同的概念。前者是指通过个人的学习和总结而获得的经验，后者是指个人经历或周围某个个体的故事。如谈到“working hard produces better results”, “your own experience”的例子一定是“some 3-year-high school students usually stay up late to review lessons and prepare for next day classes”, 而“your personal experience”的例子则应该是“my roommate, Tony has always been working hard on studies and staying up late every night”, 不难看出两者的区别。故雅思大作文是不能使用个人案例的论据的，这一点与新托福的写作也是不同的。
另外，数据论证也是一个重要的方法，同时也是国外文章中非常常见的。使用这种方式，需要注意两点：数据和数据的来源。数据的真实性不重要，但至少要看上去是“真实的”。如：A survey by the latest Ministry of Labour’s opinion poll shows that more companies would like to open their doors to disabled people, as long as they can access to modern technology, and the rate has been increasing every year by 5% since 2003.
使用数据论证，提醒考生们不要刻意将数据夸张，这样反而会降低数据的真实可靠性。常见的句型有“a survey by….shows that / a research by….finds out that / a study by….suggests that / Statistics by….conclude that…”省略号的部分是需要根据文章的内容来填写的数据来源出处或机构。常用的机构包括：国外大学、学院、报纸、杂志、电视台、之声、网站、研究机构、民意调查等。我们按顺序给大家做一个示范：the University of Sussex, Business College of several European countries, the USATODAY, state media CNN, BBC Talking Point, Childwise.com, American Institute for Research, Harris Interactive Poll等，考生可按照自己的情况，来准备几个备选方案以供使用。
第三个常见的论证方法要数对比论证了。对比论证可以是一个东西或行为的正反面对比，也可以是一种现象的时间前后的论证。如下面关于“是否moving to regional areas”的例子：
Staffs used to complain about the crowded offices shared with climbing number of colleagues, the acute shortage of parking lots, the expensive luncheon, and the tedious civic landscape filled up with cement, steel rods and ceramic tiles. Now, companies can move to larger spaces, like industrial parks in the regional areas equipped with more personalized facilities, ranging from regular shuttle bus service, areas for relaxation, and more comfortable meeting rooms to hold a larger group of audience.
使用对比论证法可以让段落的内容和字数大幅度提高。上面的这段论述，完全可以只写搬迁到郊外办公后对员工的利益;但是增加了前面“staff used to…”的内容，能够加倍体现迁移的好处，前后形成一个鲜明的对比，增加文章的说服力。不过，需要特别注意的是，若使用不当，对比论证也可能让文章变得乏味。比如上面的例子中，在“staff used to…”这段文字中讲到了员工的种种抱怨(停车车位紧缺、午饭昂贵、办公室狭小等)，如果在后面的利益中接着谈搬迁到郊外后停车车位不紧缺、午饭便宜、办公室宽敞等内容的话，大家不难发现这样的论证其实是很无趣的。所以选择对比论证法一方面可以增加论证的内容，另一方面也加大了考生寻找论据的难度，也就是说考生需要找不同方面的内容填塞到对比论证中。
以上介绍了几种比较常见的论证方法，希望考生们能够在大作文中以充分的论据进行论证，避免整篇文章都是空洞的大道理。
雅思写作常见连接词：
表示并列的雅思作文连接词：First / s
句子： It seems that the experience we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or over-ride other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.
表示举例的雅思作文连接词：as, for example, for instance, in fact, such as, that is, to illustrate
句子： The majority of stars do not hold their top positions long. Sport stars and pop stars, for example, are soon replaced by the next younger, more energetic generation, while the good looks of most film stars quickly fade.
表示态度的雅思作文连接词：strangely enough, undoubtedly, fortunately, unfortunately, most importantly, surprisingly
句子： However, reaching the conclusion that change is inevitable is not the same as assuming that "change is always for the better". Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted because they have good impactson the majority of people
表层次:First; Second; What’s more; In addition; Apart from this; Last but not least;
表观点: Personally; In my opinion; As far as I am concerned; As far as I know; What I want to stress is that…(我想强调的是…); … hold the opinion that… 某人持有…的主张;According to sb, …依照某人的观点看,…;
表转折: However, …… ; …., but …
表让步: Although/ Though, …; Despite the fact that…;
表因果: Because/ As…..; Since/ Now that, …Therefore, …; …., thus,…; …., so…;
表递进: not only…, but also…; …as well as;
表概括: In a word; In short; To sum up;
连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。
例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始： But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首)
介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment.
大作文模板Agree or disagree，使用需谨慎：
写作中可以恰当的利用模板，但决不是一味的复制。
Introduction
Recent years have witnessed ………(背景)， which has aroused a heated debate of whether ……….(把要讨论的话题引入进来) Views on this issue vary from person to person. From my point of view, before airing my own opinion, I do think it’s necessary to analyze / explore this thorny issue from different angles / both sides of this thorny issue.
Main body
Those who ………(正面观点)tend to present the following reasons. To begin with, ……… In addition, ………. What’s more, ………
………..(尽量用不同的论证方法)
However, other people may examine / explore this issue from another angle. For one thing, ……... For another thing, ……. Furthermore, ……..
Conclusion
In conclusion, although it’s very difficult / hard to draw / come to / reach / arrive at an absolute conclusion to this issue, I would not hesitate to assent to the former / latter viewpoint because I’m fully convinced that ……
万能开头：
As Descartes(笛卡尔) once said:"If you would be a real seeker after truth, it is necessary that at least once in your life you doubt, as far as possible, all things"然后后面再加上你自己的模板："although the author's claim that...is not wholly insupportable, it would still be a mistake to draw the conclusion generally. In my observation...
以上这篇雅思作文模板仅供参考，本人并不赞成模板模式的写作，大家的雅思作文还是要在不断的练习不断的更改中杀出一条血路来，最好不要套用模板，想要有满分作文就要用自己的句子创造出漂亮的分数来。