任务一:翻译
That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.
单词解析
1)reach for, 词组搭配: 伸手去触及/去拿/去获得,注意并不是“到达”的意思,比如在最新的“低头族”写作中我们就可以使用,
★写作模仿: Nowadays, we reach for our mobile phones whenever we feel bored, for example, waiting for friends, buses, or elevators.
当今,当我们无聊的时候就会去玩手机,比如等人,等车或者等电梯时。
那么reach for habit 字面应该是“伸手去拿/去用习惯”,就是“跟着习惯走,受习惯支配”的意思,而不要误解成“养成习惯”的意思。
2)habit ['hæbɪt],这里作名词,表示 “习惯”
inhabit, 动词:居住,inhabitant, 名词:居住者,居民
3)mindlessly ['maindlisli],形容词mindless ['maɪndlɪs] (不动脑筋的,不经意的,愚蠢的,不注意的)的副词形式
4)auto-pilot, 这里作名词,表示 “自动驾驶”
5)unconscious [ʌn'kɒnʃəs],这里作形容词,表示 “无意识的”
常见的搭配有:be unconscious of sth. = be unaware of sth.
★写作模仿: Many citizens are still unconscious of the significance brought by green travel. 很多人仍未认识到绿色出行带来的意义。
6)routine [ruː'tiːn],这里作名词,表示 “常规,惯例”,此外还常作形容词表示“例行公事的,常规的”
7)unreflecting [ʌnrɪ'flektɪŋ],这里作形容词,表示 “欠考虑的,无思想的”,关键在于reflect除了表示“反射、显示出”的意思外,还有“深思”的意思。考研还考过:self-reflection 自我反省。所以对于真题词汇的用法一定要深刻掌握。
8)rule [ruːl],这里作动词,表示“统治, 控制, 支配” ,
例: Will robots rule this world ?
9)herd [hɜːd],,这里作名词,表示 “人群”,此外作名词还常表示 “人牧群(牛/羊/猪群)”,作动词还常表示 “牧放(牛、羊等);照管(畜群、孩子等)”
herder, 牧人;shepherd, 牧羊人(在西方宗教典故中经常出现)
10)William Wordsworth 威廉• 华兹华斯 英国著名湖畔派诗人(Lake Poets)
11)ever-changing: 不断变化的,是写作中可以模仿的一个词
语法分析
We reach for habits mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine-“[Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd],” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.
1、主句主干—We reach for habits mindlessly
2、横线部分为两个并列的现在分词短语(setting .. and relaxing ..)作伴随状语
这部分是翻译的难点,首先我们要把意群整理出来:把大脑设定在自动航行模式,放松、无意识的进入由熟悉常规带来的舒适, 英语把这些词符合语法规则地组合在一起,但是汉语这样组合表达不通。记住:英语是“形合”(由语法规则进行组合);而汉语是”意合”(根据语义进行粘合), 所以这种情况下一定要把意群拆了重新组合。
如何组合?按“起承转合”的顺序说中文:
起:把大脑设定在自动航行模式,承:按照熟悉惯例做事,合:这样我们就放松舒适,补充一下转:尽管我们对这点无意识
3、[Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd]破折号后的句子进一步说明主句,
参考译文
习惯是个有趣的东西。我们在不经意间就会跟着习惯走,大脑就像设定成在自动航行一样,会按照熟悉的惯例行事,这样让我们感觉放松舒适,尽管我们自己没有意识到这一点 “不是选择,而是习惯支配着那些没有思想的人们” , 威廉•华滋华斯在19世纪时便这样说道。在日新月异的21世纪,”习惯“这个词本身就有点负面的含义(显得墨守成规或是固步自封了)
任务二:写作造句
缺乏自信的年轻人容易受到压力和挫折的影响。
请语法薄弱的同学在群共享里的《写作高级用词与句型里》查询、背诵、默写(请默写上来,你有足够自信也可以先自己造句)
参考造句
词组提醒:be vulnerable to
Youngsters who are lacking in self-confidence are vulnerable to pressure and setbacks.
任务三:背诵
“We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence therefore is not an act, but a habit.”